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WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
May 5th & 6th 2010
WINDFARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
Andreas Krenn/ energiewerkstatt°
Winterwind 2011
WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
May 5th & 6th 2010
01 CURRENT STATE OF WIND POWER IN AUSTRIA
02 TECHNICAL DATA OF WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL
03 ENERCON BLADE HEATING SYSTEM
04 EXPERIENCE OF 4 YEARS BLADE HEATING
WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
May 5th & 6th 2010
Wind Energy in AustriaState 31.12.2010
• 625 Wind turbines
• 1.011 MW installed power
• 2,34 TWh electricity generation per year
• 3 % of Austrian electricity demand
WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
May 5th & 6th 2010
Wind Energy in Austria
Development of Wind Power in Austria
MW total
Yearly Construction
Estimation
WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
May 5th & 6th 2010
1
050
26
0
369
541
0
8
Regional shares of wind energy in Austria (end of 2009)
Austrian Alps
Lower Austria 541.3 MWBurgenland 369.2 MWStyria 49.8 MWUpper Austria 26.4 MWVienna 7.7 MWCarinthia 0.5 MWTotal 994.6 MW
Sub-Alpine Region
Northern Region
Eastern Region
WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
May 5th & 6th 2010
Specific wind energy production in Austria
Specific wind energy production in different regions of Austria
75
0 84
3
86
3
81
2 90
0
90
7
79
8
41
0 50
1
46
0
49
9 60
2
52
5
47
561
4 68
6
73
5
63
9 74
5
66
0
66
5
91
0 10
42
99
0
86
1 96
1
91
5 10
10
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
[kW
h/m
²]
Eastern Region (106 WT) Northern Region (14 WT) Pre-Alpine Region (23 WT) Alps (13 WT)
WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
May 5th & 6th 2010
01 CURRENT STATE OF WIND POWER IN AUSTRIA
02 TECHNICAL DATA OF WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL
03 ENERCON BLADE HEATING SYSTEM
04 EXPERIENCE OF 4 YEARS BLADE HEATING
WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
May 5th & 6th 2010
Moschkogel
Wind Farm Moschkogel
(Mürzzuschlag, Styria)
Graz
WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
May 5th & 6th 2010
Turbines: 5 x ENERCON E 70 / 2.3 MW / 65 m hub height
Sea level: 1.640 – 1.680 m
Average wind speed at hub height: 7.4 m/s
Calculated energy yield: 21.400 MWh / year
Technical Data of Wind Farm Moschkogel
WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
May 5th & 6th 2010
Information: www.viktorkaplanakademie.at
Start of operation: June 2006
Calculated energy yield: 21.400 MWh / year
Generated energy: 2007 18.170 MWh
2008 19.606 MWh2009 19.826 MWh
Wind Farm Moschkogel
WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
May 5th & 6th 2010
Requirements of authorities concerning construction
Warning signs which indicate danger of
ice throw have to be be placed on eachentrance point to the wind farm area with a minimum distance of 250 m to the turbines.
One single wind turbine has to be equiped
with an ice detector for automatic stop of all turbines if danger of icing occurs.
Operation of wind turbines during iceaccretion is not allowed – turbines have to be stopped automatically.
Automatical Re-start of the turbines duringdanger of icing is not allowed.
Manual Re-start of wind turbines afterautomatical stop due to icing is only allowedunder on-site attendance of operational staff.
WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
May 5th & 6th 2010
01 CURRENT STATE OF WIND POWER IN AUSTRIA
02 TECHNICAL DATA OF WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL
03 ENERCON BLADE HEATING SYSTEM
04 EXPERIENCE OF 4 YEARS BLADE HEATING
WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
May 5th & 6th 2010
Conditions for accretion of ice, rime or snow
Temperatures around 0°Celsius and high humidity
No Ice accretion above +1°Cesius because of high temperature
No ice accretion below -7°Celsius because of low humidity
Effects of ice accretion on rotor blades
Reduction of WEC efficiency
Losses of energy
Strain on materials
Increased noise emissions
Danger for persons and objects
WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
May 5th & 6th 2010
Ice or no Ice?
Power Curve Method
Based on the sensitivity of rotor blade profiles against change in contour and roughness.
The resulting significant change in a WEC´s operating performance is used to detect ice build-up (interrelation of wind / rotational speed / power / blade angle).
Advantage: The power curve method is able to detect ice formation even in a situation when ice detectors on the nacelle are not detecting ice because WEC´s with large rotor blades may dip into clouds and thus be affected by icing conditions
Disadvantage: PCM is not able to detect ice during standstill of the rotor
Enercon Ice detector
Enercon uses LABKO Ice detector on the nacelle – no experience available
A reliable ice detection is precondition to any subsequent activity
Enercon Ice Detection System
© ENERCON GmbH
WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
May 5th & 6th 2010
ENERCON Blade HeatingDe-Icing or Anti-Icing?
Testing two different systems
Electrical heating elements inside
the blade
Use of electrical heating resitsors inside the rotor blade and inside the leading edge of the blade. For safety reasons a low voltage supply has been choosen.
Heating by circulation of warm air inside the blade:
Warm air is generated by a heating register closed to the blade root and dispensed by circulation channels to the leading edge of the blade.
Pictures above: Thermography of the rotor blade before and after switching on the blade heating© ENERCON GmbH
WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
May 5th & 6th 2010
De-Icing by electrical heating elements inside the blade
Electrical heating elements near to the carrying structure and inside the leading edge of the blade
Heated air volume
Cover plate
© ENERCON GmbH. Weitergabe sowie
Vervielfältigung dieses Dokuments, Verwertung
und Mitteilung
seines Inhalts sind verboten, soweit nicht
ausdrücklich gestattet. Zuwiderhandlungen
verpflichten zu
Schadenersatz. Alle Rechte für den Fall der
Patent-, Gebrauchsmuster- oder
Geschmacksmustereintragung
vorbehalten.
WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
May 5th & 6th 2010
Heating power
Electrical heating register: 2 x 10 kW per blade
Radial ventilator: 3 kW per blade
Total heating power: Max. 70 kW
De-Icing by circulation of warm air inside the blade
Electrical heating register and ventilator
Leading edge
© ENERCON GmbH. Weitergabe sowie Vervielfältigung dieses Dokuments, Verwertung und Mitteilung
seines Inhalts sind verboten, soweit nicht ausdrücklich gestattet. Zuwiderhandlungen verpflichten zu
Schadenersatz. Alle Rechte für den Fall der Patent-, Gebrauchsmuster- oder Geschmacksmustereintragung
vorbehalten.
WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
May 5th & 6th 2010
01 CURRENT STATE OF WIND POWER IN AUSTRIA
02 TECHNICAL DATA OF WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL
03 ENERCON BLADE HEATING SYSTEM
04 EXPERIENCE OF 4 YEARS BLADE HEATING
WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
May 5th & 6th 2010
07 08 09 10 11 12 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 01 02 03 04
20102007 20082006 2009
Operational experience during winter at WF Moschkogel
Operation mode:
Ice detection by Power Curve verification
Automatic turbine cut-off
Manual switch on of blde heating
Manual turbine start
Operation mode:
Ice detection by power curve verification
Automatical turbine cut-off
Manual heating switch-on
Manual turbine start
De-icing by electric heating elements
De icing by warm-air circulation
Anti-icing by warm-air circulation
Operation mode:
Ice detection by power curve verification
Heating and anti-icing during operation
Contrary to the requirements of approval documents no ice detector has been installed, because authorities accepted the ENERCON Ice detection system by power curve verification.
ENERCON has tested two different blade heating systems
)Exchange of all rotor blades
WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
May 5th & 6th 2010
Monitoring of blade heating at wind Farm Moschkogel
Monitoring of blade heating is based on 10 min time series data which were recorded by the wind turbines (wind speed, temperature, power and status data).
No additional measurements of pressure, humidity or ice-detection have been performed.
Calculation of production losses by icing (and other turbine errors) is based on comparison of actual 10-minute energy production against theoretical energy production which has been calculated by using the recorded wind speed data and power curve of the turbine.
WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
May 5th & 6th 2010
Operational data (example)January 2008
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
01.0
1.20
08 0
0:00
01.0
1.20
08 1
4:40
02.0
1.20
08 0
5:20
02.0
1.20
08 2
0:00
03.0
1.20
08 1
0:40
04.0
1.20
08 0
1:20
04.0
1.20
08 1
6:00
05.0
1.20
08 0
6:40
05.0
1.20
08 2
1:20
06.0
1.20
08 1
2:00
07.0
1.20
08 0
2:40
07.0
1.20
08 1
7:20
08.0
1.20
08 0
8:00
08.0
1.20
08 2
2:40
09.0
1.20
08 1
3:20
10.0
1.20
08 0
4:00
10.0
1.20
08 1
8:40
11.0
1.20
08 0
9:20
12.0
1.20
08 0
0:10
12.0
1.20
08 1
4:50
13.0
1.20
08 0
5:30
13.0
1.20
08 2
0:10
14.0
1.20
08 1
0:50
15.0
1.20
08 0
1:30
15.0
1.20
08 1
6:10
16.0
1.20
08 0
6:50
16.0
1.20
08 2
1:30
17.0
1.20
08 1
2:10
18.0
1.20
08 0
2:50
18.0
1.20
08 1
7:30
19.0
1.20
08 0
8:10
19.0
1.20
08 2
2:50
20.0
1.20
08 1
3:30
21.0
1.20
08 0
4:10
21.0
1.20
08 1
8:50
22.0
1.20
08 0
9:30
23.0
1.20
08 0
0:10
23.0
1.20
08 1
4:50
24.0
1.20
08 0
5:30
24.0
1.20
08 2
0:10
25.0
1.20
08 1
0:50
26.0
1.20
08 0
1:30
26.0
1.20
08 1
6:10
27.0
1.20
08 0
6:50
27.0
1.20
08 2
1:30
28.0
1.20
08 1
2:10
29.0
1.20
08 0
2:50
29.0
1.20
08 1
7:30
30.0
1.20
08 0
8:10
30.0
1.20
08 2
2:50
31.0
1.20
08 1
3:30
0,00
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
5,00
6,00
7,00kWh/10min-theo WKA 1 IST Key
Code No.6:„Maintainance or failure“
Code No.7:„Standstill by icing“
No Code:„Reduced Power“
Code No.7:„Standstill by icing“
WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
May 5th & 6th 2010
Production and calculated losses during winter 2006/2007
• During winter 2006/2007 all 5 turbines were equipped with an ENERCON de-icing system usingelectric heating elements.
• Although this winter was a „gentle“ one, the losses caused by icing have been quite high. Themain reason for the losses was the damage of one blade heating element at turbine No. 05.
• Another reason for losses was the long standstill time beween automatic turbine stop and manual start of the heating
• Total availability of the windfarm including standstills by icing during winter 2006/07: 88.0%
Winter 2006/2007
2.18
8.68
1
2.17
2.23
0
2.11
0.80
9
2.50
1.24
9
1.95
6.42
5
0
500.000
1.000.000
1.500.000
2.000.000
2.500.000
3.000.000
3.500.000
1 2 3 4 5
T8 - B lattenteisung
Ertragsentgang LK
T8 - Scada
T8 - B lattschaden
T1 - Eis
T6 inkl. Wartung
T5 Überwachung
T4 Umarbeiten
T3 Netzausfall
T2 Gesamtzeit
T1 Betrieb
Ertrag IST
Missing Scada data
Rotor blade damage
Maintainance and failures
No remote control
Grid failure
Stop due to icing
Limited power curve
WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
May 5th & 6th 2010
Winter 2007/2008
2.05
7.41
0
1.88
7.64
2
1.87
1.69
6
2.06
7.51
9
2.25
0.63
9
0
500.000
1.000.000
1.500.000
2.000.000
2.500.000
3.000.000
3.500.000
1 2 3 4 5
T8 - Blattenteisung
Ertragsentgang LK
T8 - Scada
T8 - Blattschaden
T1 - Eis
T6 inkl. Wartung
T5 Überwachung
T4 Umarbeiten
T3 Netzausfall
T2 Gesamtzeit
T1 Betrieb
Ertrag IST
Production and calculated losses during winter 2007/2008
• Winter 2007/2008 was the second year of operating the electric heating elements.
• Main reason for losses was again the long standstill time between automatic turbine stop and manual start of the heating (1-3 hours, heating time is included in „T6-maintainance“). The wind farm attendant had to spend much time at the site, because each single turbine had to besupervised and re-started manually.
• Also the blade heating has been affected by lighning during summer time.
• Total availability of the windfarm including standstills by icing during Winter 2007/08: 86.8%
Missing Scada data
Rotor blade damage
Maintainance and failures
No remote control
Grid failure
Stop due to icing
Limited power curve
WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
May 5th & 6th 2010
Winter 2008/2009
2.81
6.13
9
2.45
8.50
9
2.61
6.08
2
2.78
9.70
9
2.71
2.97
2
0
500.000
1.000.000
1.500.000
2.000.000
2.500.000
3.000.000
3.500.000
1 2 3 4 5
T8 - B lattenteisung
Ertragsentgang LK
T8 - Scada
T8 - B lattschaden
T1 - Eis
T6 inkl. Wartung
T5 Überwachung
T4 Umarbeiten
T3 Netzausfall
T2 Gesamtzeit
T1 Betrieb
Ertrag IST
Production and calculated losses during winter 2008/2009
• In summer 2008 the rotorblades of all 5 turbines have been changed and equipped with the newENERCON blade heating system which heats by warm-air circulation
• The new blade heating system was operated manually during its first winter.
• „De-icing“ showed good results.
• Total availability of the windfarm including standstills by icing during Winter 2007/08: 93.7%
Missing Scada data
Rotor blade damage
Maintainance and failures
No remote control
Grid failure
Stop due to icing
Limited power curve
WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
May 5th & 6th 2010
Winter 2009/2010
2.59
4.85
8
2.34
9.55
7
2.18
9.63
5
2.25
8.76
4
2.31
0.39
7
0
500.000
1.000.000
1.500.000
2.000.000
2.500.000
3.000.000
3.500.000
1 2 3 4 5
T8 - B lattenteisung
Ertragsentgang LK
T8 - Scada
T8 - B lattschaden
T1 - Eis
T6 inkl. Wartung
T5 Überwachung
T4 Umarbeiten
T3 Netzausfall
T2 Gesamtzeit
T1 Betrieb
Ertrag IST
Production and calculated losses during winter 2009/2010
• Winter 2009/2010 was the second winter of operating warm-air circulation heating.
• The system has been operated automatically and during operation of the turbine (Anti-Icing).
• A special „counter“ checks if „Aniti-icing“ during operation works efficiently. If anti-icing is not ableto keep the rotor blades free of ice, the turbine is stopped and „De-icing“ is started automatically.
• The results of „Anti-icing“ has been excellent and it seems, there is no danger of falling down of bigger pieces of ice during heating time.
• Total availability of the windfarm including standstills due to icing in Winter 2009/10: 97.8%
Missing Scada data
Rotor blade damage
Maintainance and failures
No remote control
Grid failure
Stop due to icing
Limited power curve
WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
May 5th & 6th 2010
Technical availability with and without ice
Verfügbarkeit WP Moschkogel
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
80,00
90,00
100,00
Sep
06
Okt
06
Nov
06
Dez
06
Jan
07
Feb
07
Mrz
07
Apr
07
Mai
07
Jun
07Ju
l 07
Aug
07
Sep
07
Okt
07
Nov
07
Dez
07
Jan
08F
eb 0
8M
rz 0
8A
pr 0
8M
ai 0
8
Jun
08Ju
l 08
Aug
08
Sep
08
Okt
08
Nov
08
Dez
08
Jan
09F
eb 0
9M
rz 0
9A
pr 0
9
Mai
09
Jun
09Ju
l 09
Aug
09
Sep
09
Okt
09
Nov
09
Dez
09
Jan
10F
eb 1
0M
rz 1
0
lt. energiewerkstatt° lt. Scada (Enercon)
88.0% 86.8% 93.7% 97.8%
Winter 06/07 Winter 07/08 Winter 08/09 Winter 09/10
Incl. Icing Without Icing
WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS
May 5th & 6th 2010
„De-Icing“ and automatic re-start works in priciple, but no technical verification is available
„Anti-Icing“ during operation is possible, but no technical verification is available
Detection of ice on rotor blades during stand still isnot possible
Operator has to carry the risk for automaticallyoperating and „Anti-Icing“ during operation.
ENERCON heating system has to been accreditedby the authorities.
Performance of ENERCON blade heating by „warm-air-circulation“
Recommended