WINDFARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPSwindren.se/WW2011/62b_Energiewerkstatt_Krenn_Deicing_Enercon.pdf · WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS ... 03 ENERCON BLADE HEATING

WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS

May 5th & 6th 2010

WINDFARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS

Andreas Krenn/ energiewerkstatt°

Winterwind 2011


May 5th & 6th 2010

01 CURRENT STATE OF WIND POWER IN AUSTRIA

02 TECHNICAL DATA OF WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL

03 ENERCON BLADE HEATING SYSTEM

04 EXPERIENCE OF 4 YEARS BLADE HEATING


May 5th & 6th 2010

Wind Energy in AustriaState 31.12.2010

• 625 Wind turbines

• 1.011 MW installed power

• 2,34 TWh electricity generation per year

• 3 % of Austrian electricity demand


May 5th & 6th 2010

Wind Energy in Austria

Development of Wind Power in Austria

MW total

Yearly Construction

Estimation


May 5th & 6th 2010

1

050

26

0

369

541

0

8

Regional shares of wind energy in Austria (end of 2009)

Austrian Alps

Lower Austria 541.3 MWBurgenland 369.2 MWStyria 49.8 MWUpper Austria 26.4 MWVienna 7.7 MWCarinthia 0.5 MWTotal 994.6 MW

Sub-Alpine Region

Northern Region

Eastern Region


May 5th & 6th 2010

Specific wind energy production in Austria

Specific wind energy production in different regions of Austria

75

0 84

3

86

3

81

2 90

0

90

7

79

8

41

0 50

1

46

0

49

9 60

2

52

5

47

561

4 68

6

73

5

63

9 74

5

66

0

66

5

91

0 10

42

99

0

86

1 96

1

91

5 10

10

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

[kW

h/m

²]

Eastern Region (106 WT) Northern Region (14 WT) Pre-Alpine Region (23 WT) Alps (13 WT)


May 5th & 6th 2010






May 5th & 6th 2010

Moschkogel

Wind Farm Moschkogel

(Mürzzuschlag, Styria)

Graz


May 5th & 6th 2010

Turbines: 5 x ENERCON E 70 / 2.3 MW / 65 m hub height

Sea level: 1.640 – 1.680 m

Average wind speed at hub height: 7.4 m/s

Calculated energy yield: 21.400 MWh / year

Technical Data of Wind Farm Moschkogel


May 5th & 6th 2010

Construction of Wind Farm Moschkogel


May 5th & 6th 2010



May 5th & 6th 2010



May 5th & 6th 2010

Information: www.viktorkaplanakademie.at

Start of operation: June 2006

Calculated energy yield: 21.400 MWh / year

Generated energy: 2007 18.170 MWh

2008 19.606 MWh2009 19.826 MWh

Wind Farm Moschkogel


May 5th & 6th 2010

Requirements of authorities concerning construction

Warning signs which indicate danger of

ice throw have to be be placed on eachentrance point to the wind farm area with a minimum distance of 250 m to the turbines.

One single wind turbine has to be equiped

with an ice detector for automatic stop of all turbines if danger of icing occurs.

Operation of wind turbines during iceaccretion is not allowed – turbines have to be stopped automatically.

Automatical Re-start of the turbines duringdanger of icing is not allowed.

Manual Re-start of wind turbines afterautomatical stop due to icing is only allowedunder on-site attendance of operational staff.


May 5th & 6th 2010






May 5th & 6th 2010

Conditions for accretion of ice, rime or snow

Temperatures around 0°Celsius and high humidity

No Ice accretion above +1°Cesius because of high temperature

No ice accretion below -7°Celsius because of low humidity

Effects of ice accretion on rotor blades

Reduction of WEC efficiency

Losses of energy

Strain on materials

Increased noise emissions

Danger for persons and objects


May 5th & 6th 2010

Ice or no Ice?

Power Curve Method

Based on the sensitivity of rotor blade profiles against change in contour and roughness.

The resulting significant change in a WEC´s operating performance is used to detect ice build-up (interrelation of wind / rotational speed / power / blade angle).

Advantage: The power curve method is able to detect ice formation even in a situation when ice detectors on the nacelle are not detecting ice because WEC´s with large rotor blades may dip into clouds and thus be affected by icing conditions

Disadvantage: PCM is not able to detect ice during standstill of the rotor

Enercon Ice detector

Enercon uses LABKO Ice detector on the nacelle – no experience available

A reliable ice detection is precondition to any subsequent activity

Enercon Ice Detection System

© ENERCON GmbH


May 5th & 6th 2010

ENERCON Blade HeatingDe-Icing or Anti-Icing?

Testing two different systems

Electrical heating elements inside

the blade

Use of electrical heating resitsors inside the rotor blade and inside the leading edge of the blade. For safety reasons a low voltage supply has been choosen.

Heating by circulation of warm air inside the blade:

Warm air is generated by a heating register closed to the blade root and dispensed by circulation channels to the leading edge of the blade.

Pictures above: Thermography of the rotor blade before and after switching on the blade heating© ENERCON GmbH


May 5th & 6th 2010

De-Icing by electrical heating elements inside the blade

Electrical heating elements near to the carrying structure and inside the leading edge of the blade

Heated air volume

Cover plate

© ENERCON GmbH. Weitergabe sowie

Vervielfältigung dieses Dokuments, Verwertung

und Mitteilung

seines Inhalts sind verboten, soweit nicht

ausdrücklich gestattet. Zuwiderhandlungen

verpflichten zu

Schadenersatz. Alle Rechte für den Fall der

Patent-, Gebrauchsmuster- oder

Geschmacksmustereintragung

vorbehalten.


May 5th & 6th 2010

Heating power

Electrical heating register: 2 x 10 kW per blade

Radial ventilator: 3 kW per blade

Total heating power: Max. 70 kW

De-Icing by circulation of warm air inside the blade

Electrical heating register and ventilator

Leading edge

© ENERCON GmbH. Weitergabe sowie Vervielfältigung dieses Dokuments, Verwertung und Mitteilung

seines Inhalts sind verboten, soweit nicht ausdrücklich gestattet. Zuwiderhandlungen verpflichten zu

Schadenersatz. Alle Rechte für den Fall der Patent-, Gebrauchsmuster- oder Geschmacksmustereintragung

vorbehalten.


May 5th & 6th 2010






May 5th & 6th 2010

07 08 09 10 11 12 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 01 02 03 04

20102007 20082006 2009

Operational experience during winter at WF Moschkogel

Operation mode:

Ice detection by Power Curve verification

Automatic turbine cut-off

Manual switch on of blde heating

Manual turbine start

Operation mode:

Ice detection by power curve verification

Automatical turbine cut-off

Manual heating switch-on

Manual turbine start

De-icing by electric heating elements

De icing by warm-air circulation

Anti-icing by warm-air circulation

Operation mode:

Ice detection by power curve verification

Heating and anti-icing during operation

Contrary to the requirements of approval documents no ice detector has been installed, because authorities accepted the ENERCON Ice detection system by power curve verification.

ENERCON has tested two different blade heating systems

)Exchange of all rotor blades


May 5th & 6th 2010

Monitoring of blade heating at wind Farm Moschkogel

Monitoring of blade heating is based on 10 min time series data which were recorded by the wind turbines (wind speed, temperature, power and status data).

No additional measurements of pressure, humidity or ice-detection have been performed.

Calculation of production losses by icing (and other turbine errors) is based on comparison of actual 10-minute energy production against theoretical energy production which has been calculated by using the recorded wind speed data and power curve of the turbine.


May 5th & 6th 2010

Operational data (example)January 2008

0,00

50,00

100,00

150,00

200,00

250,00

300,00

350,00

400,00

450,00

01.0

1.20

08 0

0:00

01.0

1.20

08 1

4:40

02.0

1.20

08 0

5:20

02.0

1.20

08 2

0:00

03.0

1.20

08 1

0:40

04.0

1.20

08 0

1:20

04.0

1.20

08 1

6:00

05.0

1.20

08 0

6:40

05.0

1.20

08 2

1:20

06.0

1.20

08 1

2:00

07.0

1.20

08 0

2:40

07.0

1.20

08 1

7:20

08.0

1.20

08 0

8:00

08.0

1.20

08 2

2:40

09.0

1.20

08 1

3:20

10.0

1.20

08 0

4:00

10.0

1.20

08 1

8:40

11.0

1.20

08 0

9:20

12.0

1.20

08 0

0:10

12.0

1.20

08 1

4:50

13.0

1.20

08 0

5:30

13.0

1.20

08 2

0:10

14.0

1.20

08 1

0:50

15.0

1.20

08 0

1:30

15.0

1.20

08 1

6:10

16.0

1.20

08 0

6:50

16.0

1.20

08 2

1:30

17.0

1.20

08 1

2:10

18.0

1.20

08 0

2:50

18.0

1.20

08 1

7:30

19.0

1.20

08 0

8:10

19.0

1.20

08 2

2:50

20.0

1.20

08 1

3:30

21.0

1.20

08 0

4:10

21.0

1.20

08 1

8:50

22.0

1.20

08 0

9:30

23.0

1.20

08 0

0:10

23.0

1.20

08 1

4:50

24.0

1.20

08 0

5:30

24.0

1.20

08 2

0:10

25.0

1.20

08 1

0:50

26.0

1.20

08 0

1:30

26.0

1.20

08 1

6:10

27.0

1.20

08 0

6:50

27.0

1.20

08 2

1:30

28.0

1.20

08 1

2:10

29.0

1.20

08 0

2:50

29.0

1.20

08 1

7:30

30.0

1.20

08 0

8:10

30.0

1.20

08 2

2:50

31.0

1.20

08 1

3:30

0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

4,00

5,00

6,00

7,00kWh/10min-theo WKA 1 IST Key

Code No.6:„Maintainance or failure“

Code No.7:„Standstill by icing“

No Code:„Reduced Power“

Code No.7:„Standstill by icing“


May 5th & 6th 2010

Production and calculated losses during winter 2006/2007

• During winter 2006/2007 all 5 turbines were equipped with an ENERCON de-icing system usingelectric heating elements.

• Although this winter was a „gentle“ one, the losses caused by icing have been quite high. Themain reason for the losses was the damage of one blade heating element at turbine No. 05.

• Another reason for losses was the long standstill time beween automatic turbine stop and manual start of the heating

• Total availability of the windfarm including standstills by icing during winter 2006/07: 88.0%

Winter 2006/2007

2.18

8.68

1

2.17

2.23

0

2.11

0.80

9

2.50

1.24

9

1.95

6.42

5

0

500.000

1.000.000

1.500.000

2.000.000

2.500.000

3.000.000

3.500.000

1 2 3 4 5

T8 - B lattenteisung

Ertragsentgang LK

T8 - Scada

T8 - B lattschaden

T1 - Eis

T6 inkl. Wartung

T5 Überwachung

T4 Umarbeiten

T3 Netzausfall

T2 Gesamtzeit

T1 Betrieb

Ertrag IST

Missing Scada data

Rotor blade damage

Maintainance and failures

No remote control

Grid failure

Stop due to icing

Limited power curve


May 5th & 6th 2010

Winter 2007/2008

2.05

7.41

0

1.88

7.64

2

1.87

1.69

6

2.06

7.51

9

2.25

0.63

9

0

500.000

1.000.000

1.500.000

2.000.000

2.500.000

3.000.000

3.500.000

1 2 3 4 5

T8 - Blattenteisung

Ertragsentgang LK

T8 - Scada

T8 - Blattschaden

T1 - Eis

T6 inkl. Wartung

T5 Überwachung

T4 Umarbeiten

T3 Netzausfall

T2 Gesamtzeit

T1 Betrieb

Ertrag IST


• Winter 2007/2008 was the second year of operating the electric heating elements.

• Main reason for losses was again the long standstill time between automatic turbine stop and manual start of the heating (1-3 hours, heating time is included in „T6-maintainance“). The wind farm attendant had to spend much time at the site, because each single turbine had to besupervised and re-started manually.

• Also the blade heating has been affected by lighning during summer time.

• Total availability of the windfarm including standstills by icing during Winter 2007/08: 86.8%

Missing Scada data

Rotor blade damage


No remote control

Grid failure

Stop due to icing

Limited power curve


May 5th & 6th 2010

Winter 2008/2009

2.81

6.13

9

2.45

8.50

9

2.61

6.08

2

2.78

9.70

9

2.71

2.97

2

0

500.000

1.000.000

1.500.000

2.000.000

2.500.000

3.000.000

3.500.000

1 2 3 4 5


Ertragsentgang LK

T8 - Scada

T8 - B lattschaden

T1 - Eis

T6 inkl. Wartung

T5 Überwachung

T4 Umarbeiten

T3 Netzausfall

T2 Gesamtzeit

T1 Betrieb

Ertrag IST


• In summer 2008 the rotorblades of all 5 turbines have been changed and equipped with the newENERCON blade heating system which heats by warm-air circulation

• The new blade heating system was operated manually during its first winter.

• „De-icing“ showed good results.

• Total availability of the windfarm including standstills by icing during Winter 2007/08: 93.7%

Missing Scada data

Rotor blade damage


No remote control

Grid failure

Stop due to icing

Limited power curve


May 5th & 6th 2010

Winter 2009/2010

2.59

4.85

8

2.34

9.55

7

2.18

9.63

5

2.25

8.76

4

2.31

0.39

7

0

500.000

1.000.000

1.500.000

2.000.000

2.500.000

3.000.000

3.500.000

1 2 3 4 5


Ertragsentgang LK

T8 - Scada

T8 - B lattschaden

T1 - Eis

T6 inkl. Wartung

T5 Überwachung

T4 Umarbeiten

T3 Netzausfall

T2 Gesamtzeit

T1 Betrieb

Ertrag IST


• Winter 2009/2010 was the second winter of operating warm-air circulation heating.

• The system has been operated automatically and during operation of the turbine (Anti-Icing).

• A special „counter“ checks if „Aniti-icing“ during operation works efficiently. If anti-icing is not ableto keep the rotor blades free of ice, the turbine is stopped and „De-icing“ is started automatically.

• The results of „Anti-icing“ has been excellent and it seems, there is no danger of falling down of bigger pieces of ice during heating time.

• Total availability of the windfarm including standstills due to icing in Winter 2009/10: 97.8%

Missing Scada data

Rotor blade damage


No remote control

Grid failure

Stop due to icing

Limited power curve


May 5th & 6th 2010

Technical availability with and without ice

Verfügbarkeit WP Moschkogel

0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

70,00

80,00

90,00

100,00

Sep

06

Okt

06

Nov

06

Dez

06

Jan

07

Feb

07

Mrz

07

Apr

07

Mai

07

Jun

07Ju

l 07

Aug

07

Sep

07

Okt

07

Nov

07

Dez

07

Jan

08F

eb 0

8M

rz 0

8A

pr 0

8M

ai 0

8

Jun

08Ju

l 08

Aug

08

Sep

08

Okt

08

Nov

08

Dez

08

Jan

09F

eb 0

9M

rz 0

9A

pr 0

9

Mai

09

Jun

09Ju

l 09

Aug

09

Sep

09

Okt

09

Nov

09

Dez

09

Jan

10F

eb 1

0M

rz 1

0

lt. energiewerkstatt° lt. Scada (Enercon)

88.0% 86.8% 93.7% 97.8%

Winter 06/07 Winter 07/08 Winter 08/09 Winter 09/10

Incl. Icing Without Icing


May 5th & 6th 2010

„De-Icing“ and automatic re-start works in priciple, but no technical verification is available

„Anti-Icing“ during operation is possible, but no technical verification is available

Detection of ice on rotor blades during stand still isnot possible

Operator has to carry the risk for automaticallyoperating and „Anti-Icing“ during operation.

ENERCON heating system has to been accreditedby the authorities.

Performance of ENERCON blade heating by „warm-air-circulation“


May 5th & 6th 2010

WINDFARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS

Andreas Krenn/ energiewerkstatt°

Winterwind 2011

Documents

WINDFARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPSwindren.se/WW2011/62b_Energiewerkstatt_Krenn_Deicing_Enercon.pdf · WIND FARM MOSCHKOGEL IN THE AUSTRIAN ALPS ... 03 ENERCON BLADE HEATING