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Wind Farm Siting. Dennis Scanlin (Department of Technology) Xingong Li Chris Larson (Department of Geography & Planning) Appalachian State University. Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE). Evaluates a number of alternatives in the light of multiple criteria / factors. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Wind Farm Siting
Dennis Scanlin (Department of Technology)
Xingong LiChris Larson
(Department of Geography & Planning)Appalachian State University
Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE)
Evaluates a number of alternatives in the light of multiple criteria / factors.
Factor scores of the alternatives Factor weights
Relative importance of the factors Ranking scores of the alternatives
Weighted combination of factors
Factor 1 (1/3)
Factor 2 (1/3)
Factor 3 (1/3)
Score
A1 3 6 8 5.7
A2 8 7 5 6.7
A3 4 5 3 4.0
Analytic Hierarchy Process
Determines factor weights Difficult to determine factor weights
(numbers) directly Derives weights by comparing the
relative importance between two factors
Organizes factors into a tree structure
Innate model of operation of human mind
Helps complex decisions by decomposing the problem
AHP Factor Weights Determination
Factor relative importance pairwise comparison (9-point scale)
1—equally importance 3—moderately more importance 5—strongly more importance 7—very strongly more importance 9—extremely more importance
The best weights fit into the pairwise comparisons.
Spatial Analytical Hierarchy Process
Wind farm siting Find the best wind farm sites based on siting factors
Alternatives Location—infinite Divide the space into squares/cells (200m * 200m)
Evaluate each cell based on the siting factors
Preliminary Siting Factors Accessibility to roads
Distance to primary roads Distance to secondary roads Distance to rural roads
Accessibility to transmission lines
Distance to 100K lines Distance to 250K lines Distance to above250K lines
Wind power (or wind speed) Visibility
Viewshed size # of people in viewshed
Siting Steps Factor generation
Distance calculation Visibility calculation
Factor standardization (0 – 100) Each factor is a map layer
Factor weights determination by AHP
Final score Weighted combination of factors
Exclusion areas
Factor Layers
(Turbine: 50m; Observer: 1.5m; Visual distance: 20mi)
Wind Turbine visibility--Viewshed
Wind Turbine Viewshed Size
Red—505km2
Greed--805km2
Blue--365km2
Software tool developed to calculate viewshed size for each cell
Visibility Factor—Viewshed Size
Computational expensive About 700,000 cells Each cell requires 10 seconds About 76 days
Parallel computing 12 computers Each computer runs two
counties About 55000 cells
6 days Succeed with 3000 cells
but failed with 55,000 cells
2000 census block data
Visibility Factor--# of People in Viewshed
Final Score Layer
Candidate Sites
Exclusion Zones
Sites
Software Tools for Wind Farm Siting
Software Tools for Wind Farm Siting
Thanks! Questions?
Using AHP in GIS AHP is implemented as a software component AHP is integrated with ArcMap GIS(ESRI, Inc.)
as an extension
ArcMap GISArcMap GIS
GISGIS AHPAHP
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