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Wic FILE CORP!
Cq INDEPENDENT REVIEW/REASSESSMENT
ID OF0)
ANOMALOUS DATA
" TICSELECTF•
MAY 1 7 •8
kCDVOLUME III I
DiST~-drflN STPLY1, !.
Approved for public rhLcac4Distfibution Urdirito .
Prepared for
U.S. ARMY CONCEPTS ANALYSIS AGENCYContract MDA903-86-C-0396
Prepared by
LFW MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATES, INC.P.O. Box 25167
Alexandria, Virginia 22313-5167
June 22, 1987
8 8 17 015
DISCLAIMER: "The findings of this report are not be be construed as an
official Department of the Army position, policy, or decision unless so
designated by other official documentation.
Is I
,0U
--- ---- -----[a n a l n ln f r n0I~
UNCLASSIFIED3ECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THI$ PAGE
REPOT DOUMETATIN PAE IForm ApprovedREPOT DCUMETATON PGE0M6 No 0704-0188
~2b. DECLASSIFICATIONIDOWNGRADIG SCHEDULE OFIC unim::ited. 4~i;;e itrbto
LFW Management Associates, f(if applicable) U.S. Army Concepts Analysis Agency
C.ADES(City. State. and ZIP Code) 7b. ADDRESS (City. State. and ZIP Code)
P.O. Box 25157 8120 Woodmont Avenue'Alexandria, VA 22312-5157 Bethesda, MD 20814-2797
1.NAMVF OF FUNDINGISPONSORING 8' b. OFFICE SYMBOL 9. PROCUREMENT INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBERORGANIZATION (if appliCa bl')
LU.S. Army Concepts Analysis Agency CSCA-MVM Contract No. MOA 903-86-C-0396~:ADDRESS (City, State. and ZIP Code) 10. SOURCE OF FUNDING NUMBERS
812 WodmntAveuePROGRAM IPROJECT TASK IWORK UNITBethesda, MD 20814-2797 ELEMENT NO. INO. INO IACCESSION NO
1. TI TLE (include Security Classification)Independent Review/Reassessment of Anomalous Data: Volume III
Z.PERSONAL AUTHOR(S)Cpiarles B. MacDonald, William M. Glasgow, Jr., George H. Russell, Graham M. Sibbles, et al
13ai TYPE OF REPORT 13b TIE1VRD14. DATE OF REPORT (Year. Month, Day) 1iS. PAGE COUNT
final FRO 6-09 TO 87-06 11987 June 22SUPEENTARY NOTATION
t4, A H4 C r-"
/ 7 COV'I CODES 7i 8. SUBJECT TERMS (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)I ~ELD IBattles, Land Combat, Historical Data/ OED 9OU SUB-GROUP
)/ABSTRACTIContinue on reverse if necessary apd identify by block number)ideendent review/reassessment of 61 battles in 8 campaigns of World War II and theIsaeli Wars of 1967 aMa 1973 w&s conducted. this work will provide the U.S. Army's
one7sAnalysis Agency ,(CAA) with a factual basis for determining the extent to whicha44manomalies in theoidata contained in- CAA Study Report CAA-SR-84-6,9"Analysis ofae-mThat Have Influenced Outcomes of Battles and Wars"are attributable to actual
~changes in combat dynamics, or whether they are more likely due to flaws in' the data base.Svirtually every case, the LFW Team's findings differ substantially from those determined
ý ý t h e _ a u t h o r s o f C A A -S R -8 4 -6 . ( : , o r ; I -4 C f d .? ( p i h L jJ ) - '
J~fl. 4 3a../ ~ILIL~d )'
DISTRIBUTION/A VAILABILITY OF ABSTRACT I2 1'. ASSTP- ACT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
[ IUINCLASSIFIEDIUiNLIMITIED 0 SAME AS RPT CQ DTIC USERS Unclassified122a. NAME OF RES12ONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL 22b. TELEPHONE (rinclude Area Code) 22c. OFFICE SYMBOL
D Form 1473, JUN 86 Previous editions are obsolete. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF TH IS PAGE
UNCLASSIFIED
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOLUME I:
Introduction .....* f s** ............ I-I
The Okinawa Campaign ................ I-1l
Appendix A -- The LFW Team .......... 1-75
Appendix B-- Glossary .............. 1-77
Appendix C -- XXIX Corps DailyStrengths andCasualties ............ 1-83
Appendix D -- Japanese Strengths andDaily Casualties ...... 1-87
SVOLUME II: The Salerno Campaign .... II-i
The Volturno RiverCampaign .............. 11-50
VOLUME III: The Anzio Campaign ...... III-I
The Rome Campaign ....... 111-35
VOLUME IV: The Arab-Israeli Wars ... IV-l
Northwest Europe ........ IV-50 [
The Eastern Front ....... IV-97 --..-....
I _____- -________________I "-,,',zabillty Code,
0~~* M rdlanlor-special
iI: I
INTRODUCTION AND BIBLIOGRAPHY: ANZIO
As per zontract, the LFW Team reviewed/reassessed thefollowing battles:
Aprilla I 25-26 Jan 1944Campoleone, 29-31 Jan 1944Carroceto, 7-8 Feb 1944Moletta River, 7-9 Feb 1944Factory Counterattack, 11-12 Feb 1944Fioccia, 21-23 Feb 1944
The basic source for statistical data on the battlesof the Anzio campaign were the official records, of which theFifth Army Periodic Reports were the most valuable source.
For the British ist Infantry Division, loading tableswere used to establish initial strength for Aprilla I and thenadjusted for casualties and additions for the next two battles[Campoleone, Carroceto]. Strengths foz the 45th Division,which wau involved in the next three battles, were establishedfrom Fifth Army Periodic Reports and VI Corps and 45thDivision situation reports.
"Bloody" casualties were established from the officialrecords and "non-bloody" casualties primarily from Lada andMellor, as explained in the general introduction.
Bibliography
Official Records
Fifth Army; After-Action Report, Periodic Reports,Operations Orders, G-1 and G-3 Journals, and Headquarters,Fifth Army, Historical Section, Fifth Army History [9 vols,n.p.,n.d. .
VI Corps: After-Action Report, Periodic Reports, andG-1 and G-3 Journals.
45th Infantry Division: After-Action Report, DivisionArtillery After-Action Report, Daily Situation Reports,
Division Artillery Daily Situation Reports, Division ArtilleryJournal, and G-1 and G-3 Journals and files; After-ActionReports, Daily Situation Reports, and S-I and S-3 Journals andfiles of the three organic regiments: 157th Infantry, 179thInfantry, and 180th Infantry.
British Sources
ist Infantry Division, Operations Report, PublicRecords Office, London.
German Sources
OKW KTB [War Diary of the Supreme Command of the ArmedForces] , vo--s. 6 and 7, as cited in Salerno sources.
AOK 14, KTB [Fourteenth Army War Diary] and Anlagen[appendices] [Microfilm Collection T-312, rolls 482 through492].
LXXVI Panzer Corps, KTB and Anlagen, 3 Feb-30 Jun 1944(Microfilm Collection T-314,1rolls 1572-1574].
Manuscripts: No. R-76, "Italian Theater, Order ofBattle and List of Commanders, 22 Aug 1943-31 Mar 1944," byRalph S. Mavrogordata, 1957; No. R-78, "XIV Panzer CorpsDefensive operations Along the Garigliano, Gari, and RapidoRivers, 17-31 Jan 1944," by Ralph S. Mavrogordata, 1955; No.R-124, "The Battle of Anzio, 22 Jan-31 Mar 1944," by Ralph S.Mavrogordata, 1957; and MS without number , "The GermanSituation (in the Italian Theater of Opeations] ," by BrittBailey, 1951.
Secondary Sources
Most Useful:
Blumenson, Martin, Salerno to Cassino [U.S. Army inWorld War II, Washington: Center of Military History, 1969].
Graham, Dominick, and Bidwell, Shelford, Tug of War:The Battle for Italy: 1943-45 [New York: St. Martin's Press,19861.
111-2
Molony, Brig. C.J.C., et al., The Mediterranean andMiddle East Vol. V, The CampalTW in Sicily' 1943, and theCampain iIn Italy, 3d September 1943 to 31st March 1944
SUnited Kingdom Military series, History of the Second WorldWar, London: Her Majesty',s Stationery Office, 1973].
Of limited usefulness:
Anzio Beachhead (American Forces in Action Series,Washington: Historical Division, War Department, 1947].
Blumenson, Martin, Anzio: The Gamble that Failed[Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1963].
Jackson, W.G.F., The Battle for Italy [New York:Harper and Row, 19671.
Starr, LTC Chester G., Salerno to the Alps[,Washington: Infantry Journal Press, 1948].
Vaughan-Thomas, Wynford, Anzio [New York: Holt,I Rinehart, and Winston, 1961].
Of peripheral usefulness:
The Fighting Forty-Fifth: The Combat Report of anInfantrX Division [Baton Rouge, LA: Army and Navy PublishingCompany, 1946].
NOTE: The LFW Team was unable to locate the source listed inthe HERO study as: Muhm, Col. Gerhard, "Verluste der HG SUDwahrend der 4, CASSINO-SCHLACHT unter der Schlact um ROM911.5-2.6.l944] ," unpublished study [19831 ; but the Teamconsidered that use of the offical German records compensatedfor lack of access to this study.
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INTRODUCTION AND I3IBL1OGRAPIIY: ROMI.
As per contract, the LFW Team reviewed/reassesscd thefollowing battles:
Moletta Offensive, 23-24 May 1944Anzio-Albano Road, 23-24 May 1944velletri, 26 May 1944Campoleone Station, 25-28 May 1944villa Crocetta, 27-28 May 1944Lanuvio, 29 May-l June 1944via Anziate, 1-2 Jun 1944
The basic source for statistical data on the battlesof the Rome campaign were the official records, of which theFifth Army Periodic Reports were the most valuable source,both for opening strengths and for "bloody" casualties,inrcuding tho British divisions. VI Corns Periodic Retnortsand division records . particularly dai ly situation reports ,
were of value for the two American divisions, and some figureswere obtained from the official history, Fisher, Cassino tothe Alp-s, in particular opening strength of the 1st ArmoredDivision. "Non-bloody" casualties were derived primarily fromextrapolation of data in Lada and MelloL, as explained in thegeneral introduction.
"B ibl iog raphy
Offizial Records
Fifth Army: After-Action Report, Periodic Reports,Operations orders, G-1 and G-3 Journals, an' HIeadquarters,Fifth Army Historical Section, Fifth Army History [9 vols,n.p., n.d.].
%' -
VI Corps: After-Action Report, Periodic Reports, andG-1 and G-3 Journals.
1st Armored Division: After-Action Report, DivisionArtillery After-Action Report, Daily Situation Reports,Divi7ion Artillery Daily Situation Reports, Division Artillery
a 111-35
A. f.V A .5kA%" ..N.X0W A N
I4
journal and G-l and G-3 Journals and tiles; and ALtct-ActiulRe~ports, Daily Situation Reports, anJ S-1 and (:-3 Journal!5 and
files .)L the two pirincipal combat commands, A and E.
K 34th Infantry Division: After-Action R,-,port, DivisionArtillery After-Action Report, Daily Situatjon Reports,Division Artillery Daily Situation Reports, Division Artilleryjourr-l, and C-i and G-3 Journals and tiles; ALttc-Actionreports, Daily Situation Reports, and S-I and S-3 Journals andfiles ot the three organic regiments : 133d Infantry, 135thInfantry, a-ind 168th Infantry.
45th Infantry Division: After-Action Report, D)ivisionArtillery Alter-Action Report, Daily Situation Reports,Division Artillery Daily Situation Reports, Division ArtilleryJournal and G-1 and G-3 Journals and tiles; After-ActionReports, Daily Situation Reports, and 3-2 and S-3 Journals andfiles of the three organic regiments: 157th Infantry, 179thInfantry, and 180th Infantry.
British Sources
1st Infantry Division, Opeiations Report, PublicRecoids Office, London.
5th Infantry Division , Operations Report, PublicRecords Office, London.
German Sources
0KW KT -[War Diary of the Supreme Command of the Armed
Forces] , vol. 7, as cited in Salerno sources.
AOK 14, KTB [Fourteenth Army War Diary] and Anlayen[appendices) [-iT-c-ofilm Collection T-312, rolls 482-492, andG-314, roil 487].
LXXVI Panzer Corps, KTB and Anglagen [MicrofilmCollection T-314, rolls 1572-15743.
Manuscripts: No. R-50, "The Drive on Rome," by Britt
rV
A 111-36
Bailey, 1957; Nos. T-la and T-16, "The Italian Campaign," byGeneral Siegfried Westphal and other participants [NationalArchives, in German].
Secondary Sources
SMost useful:
•' Fisher, Ernest F., Jr., Cassino to the Alps [U.S. Armyin World War II, Washington: Center of Military History,1977].
Graham, Dominick, and Iidwell, Shelford, Tug of War:The Battle for Italy: 1943-45 [New York: St. Martin's Press,1986].
[ Of limited usefulness:
Anzio Beachhead [American Forces in Action Series,Washington: Historical Division, War Department, 1947].
Blamenson, Martin, Anzio: The Gamble that Failed,.1•. [Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1963].
Howe , George F. , The Battle History of the FirstArmored Division [Washington: Combat Forces Press, 1954].
Jackson, W.G.F., The Battle for Italy [New York:Harper and Row, 19671
' Starr, LTC Chester G. Salerno to the Alpos[Washington: Infantry Journal Press, 1948]
Vaughan-Thomas, Wynford, Anzio [New York: Holt,Rinehart and Winston, 1961].
Of peripheral usefulness:
'Aris, George, The Fifth British. ivision: 1929 to 1945
[London: The Fifth Division Benevolent Fund, 1.959].
Coo 94]S| The FFightinq Forty-Fifth: The Combat Report of an
Infantry Division [Baton Rouge, LA: Army and Navy Publish--ngh \• Co . 194 6 ] .
0 I T T- 3 7
Hougen, LTC John H., The Story of the Famous 34thInfantry Division [Nashville, TN: Battery Press, reprint,1979]
111-38
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