When reactions don’t happen fast enough… Your body calls in

ENZYMESwhen reactions don’t happen fast enough…

Your body calls in

What are enzymes?

proteins

speed up chemical reaction (catalyst)

located in cells

require some activation energy to start breaking bonds

All Chemical Reactions

to lower the activation energy of the reaction therefore speeding it up

Role of Enzymes

Example: carbonic anhydraseCO2 + H2O H2CO3

Converts Carbon Dioxide to Carbonic Acid 10 million

times faster than on its own

Models of Substrate-Enzyme Complex

Enzyme brings substrates close together for the reaction to occurs & make the product.

Substrate- Enzyme Complex

Active Site is where

the substrate bonds to

the enzyme

ENZYME SUBSTRATE

Carbohydrase Carbohydrate Maltase Maltose Amylase Starch Protease Protein Lactase Lactose Lipase Lipids

Common Enzymes & Substrates

Changes shape around/ hug the substrate◦ The tight fit puts stress on the substrate increasing the

reaction rate.

Can build or break apart molecules

Are reusable

Can be turned ON or OFF by regulatory molecules

Have an ideal pH & temperature they like to work at ◦ Can be denatured (fall apart) due to changes in

temperature & pH

SONG… lucky you

Enzymes