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ENZYMESwhen reactions don’t happen fast enough…
Your body calls in
What are enzymes?
proteins
speed up chemical reaction (catalyst)
located in cells
require some activation energy to start breaking bonds
All Chemical Reactions
to lower the activation energy of the reaction therefore speeding it up
Role of Enzymes
Example: carbonic anhydraseCO2 + H2O H2CO3
Converts Carbon Dioxide to Carbonic Acid 10 million
times faster than on its own
Models of Substrate-Enzyme Complex
Enzyme brings substrates close together for the reaction to occurs & make the product.
Substrate- Enzyme Complex
Active Site is where
the substrate bonds to
the enzyme
ENZYME SUBSTRATE
Carbohydrase Carbohydrate Maltase Maltose Amylase Starch Protease Protein Lactase Lactose Lipase Lipids
Common Enzymes & Substrates
Changes shape around/ hug the substrate◦ The tight fit puts stress on the substrate increasing the
reaction rate.
Can build or break apart molecules
Are reusable
Can be turned ON or OFF by regulatory molecules
Have an ideal pH & temperature they like to work at ◦ Can be denatured (fall apart) due to changes in
temperature & pH
SONG… lucky you
Enzymes