What Was The Enlightenment?

Fill in the Graphic Organizer as the teacher tells the story

1687-1789

Began with the English Revolution (1688) and ended with the French Revolution (1789)

It affected England, the U.S., and France

It shaped three revolutions

English (1688), American (1776), French (1789)

It was the Age of Reason

Philosophers used reason to examine human affairs – politics and economics

They loved education and free speech. They believed in human progress

They scorned ignorance and superstition, emotion and passion

Most of all, they challenged traditional authority

The Scientific Revolution shaped the Enlightenment

Philosophers loved Newton and his Law of Gravity (1687)

They believed the world is a machine that operates according to a few simple laws

Using reason, one could discover the “Natural Laws” of society

Self-Evident Truths Just like the mathematician, a political

philosopher begins with a self-evident truth

From there, you move to the next self-evident truth

Example: God created an individual endowed with

life and liberty Government should preserve the

individual’s right to life and liberty

They were political philosophers

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John Locke

England

Two Treatises of Government – 1689

Natural Rights; The Social Contract

Baron de Montesquieu

France

The Spirit of the Laws – 1748

Rights of the minority

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Thomas Jefferson

U.S.

Declaration of Independence - 1776

All men are created equal

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James Madison

U.S.

U.S. Constitution - 1787

Separation of Powers

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Jean-Jacque Rousseau

France

The Social Contract - 1762

“Father of the French Revolution”

Philosophers Wrote Books

They condemned tyranny and social injustice

They condemned people in authority . . .

the government and the church

Their ideas sparked the American Revolution and the French Revolution

During the Enlightenment, philosophers wanted to make progress and improve the world

During the English Revolution (1688), John Locke came up with “Natural Rights” and the “Social Contract”

During the American Revolution (1776), Thomas Jefferson wrote “All men are created equal”

During the French Revolution (1789), Rousseau said “Let loose your passions!” and chaos followed

People did not always operate on reason. The Paris mob operated on passion and emotion.

What Was The Enlightenment?

Documents

Michel Foucault. What is Enlightenment?Michel Foucault. What is Enlightenment? What is Enlightenment? in Rabinow (P.), éd., The Foucault Reader, New York, Pantheon Books, 1984, pp

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Michel Foucault. What is Enlightenment? Foucault. What is Enlightenment? What is Enlightenment? in Rabinow (P.), éd., The Foucault Reader, New York, Pantheon Books, 1984, pp. 32-50

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