What is the Global Water Challenge? Laura Keating Global Strategy Institute Center for Strategic and...

What is the Global Water Challenge?What is the Global Water Challenge?

Laura KeatingGlobal Strategy Institute

Center for Strategic and International Studies

March 23, 2007

Parameters

Challenges

Solutions

The Global Water Challenge:

PARAMETERS

The Global Water Challenge:

PARAMETERS

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1960 1990 2025

Africa

Asia

MEast & NAfrica

Th

ou

san

d m

3

World

Per Capita Water Availability

SCARCITY

SCARCITY

SCARCITY

80%80%

90%90%

ACCESS

1.1 BILLION

2.6 BILLION

United Nations Development Program:

“Not having access to clean

water” is a euphemism for

profound deprivation.

ACCESS

Populations without access to improved

drinking water sources in 2002

(millions of people)Source: Millennium Assessment Program

Africa (295)

Western Asia (23)

Southeast Asia (115)

South Asia (234)

East Asia (303)

Latin America & Caribbean (60)

Eurasia (20)

Developed Regions (15)

Oceania (3)

ACCESS

Chinese SEPA: Chinese SEPA:

more than more than 70%70% of water in of water in five out of sevenfive out of seven major water major water

systems is systems is too polluted for human usetoo polluted for human use

QUALITY

QUALITY

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment:

5%-25%5%-25% current use is

unsustainableunsustainable

ECOSYSTEMS

ACCESSSCARCITY

QUALITYECOSYSTEMS

The Global Water Challenge:

COSTS

The Global Water Challenge:

COSTS

Human Development Challenge

Economic Challenge

Security Challenge

•Gathering Water

•10-60 minutes per day

•Uganda: 660 hours/family

•Africa: 40 billion working hours

Human Development Human Development

Human Development Human Development

•Water-related Disease

•50% of developing world’s hospital beds

•1.8 million diarrheal deaths

•17% of all child mortality

Human Development Human Development

Text

10-year-old girl in El Alto, Bolivia:

“Of course I wish I were in school. I want to learn to read and to

write... but how can I? My mother needs me to

get water and the standpipe here is only open from 10-12. You

have to get in line early because so many

people come here.”

Economic ChallengeEconomic Challenge

$170 billion = 2.6%$170 billion = 2.6%

$23.5 billion$23.5 billion

$29 billion$29 billion

sub-Saharan sub-Saharan AfricaAfrica

Latin Latin AmericaAmerica

$34 billion$34 billion

$66 billion$66 billion

South South AsiaAsia

East AsiaEast Asia

Economic ChallengeEconomic Challenge

Economic ChallengeEconomic Challenge

Economic ChallengeEconomic Challenge

Security ChallengeSecurity Challenge

“Whiskey is for drinking, water is for

fighting over”

Water Conflict

Security ChallengeSecurity Challenge

Water’s Importan

ce+ Water

Trends =

Conflict or Collaboration?Global number & type of events related to international river basins,

1948-1998

Extensive

military act

Small-scale

military act

Political/military hostile action

Diplomatic/

economic hostile action

Strong official verbal

hostility

Mild official verbal

hostility

Neutral non-

significant act

Mild verbal

support

Official verbal

supportCultural/ scientific agreeme

nt or support

Economic/

Technical agreeme

nt or support

Military econ.

strategic support

Intl. water treaty

ConflictCollaboratio

n

Security ChallengeSecurity Challenge

Security ChallengeSecurity Challenge

Security ChallengeSecurity Challenge

The Global Water Challenge:

SOLUTIONS

The Global Water Challenge:

SOLUTIONS

Mobilize Mobilize technologitechnologi

eses

1

Integrated Integrated Water Water

Resource Resource ManagemenManagemen

tt

2

Rational Rational pricingpricing

3

Multilateral Multilateral cooperatiocooperatio

nn

4

ConclusionConclusion

www.csis.orgwww.csis.org/gsi/

global_waters_future/

What is the Global Water Challenge?

What is the Global Water Challenge?

Laura KeatingGlobal Strategy Institute

Center for Strategic and International Studies

March 23, 2007