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What is the Global Water Challenge?What is the Global Water Challenge?
Laura KeatingGlobal Strategy Institute
Center for Strategic and International Studies
March 23, 2007
Parameters
Challenges
Solutions
The Global Water Challenge:
PARAMETERS
The Global Water Challenge:
PARAMETERS
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1960 1990 2025
Africa
Asia
MEast & NAfrica
Th
ou
san
d m
3
World
Per Capita Water Availability
SCARCITY
SCARCITY
SCARCITY
80%80%
90%90%
ACCESS
1.1 BILLION
2.6 BILLION
United Nations Development Program:
“Not having access to clean
water” is a euphemism for
profound deprivation.
ACCESS
Populations without access to improved
drinking water sources in 2002
(millions of people)Source: Millennium Assessment Program
Africa (295)
Western Asia (23)
Southeast Asia (115)
South Asia (234)
East Asia (303)
Latin America & Caribbean (60)
Eurasia (20)
Developed Regions (15)
Oceania (3)
ACCESS
Chinese SEPA: Chinese SEPA:
more than more than 70%70% of water in of water in five out of sevenfive out of seven major water major water
systems is systems is too polluted for human usetoo polluted for human use
QUALITY
QUALITY
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment:
5%-25%5%-25% current use is
unsustainableunsustainable
ECOSYSTEMS
ACCESSSCARCITY
QUALITYECOSYSTEMS
The Global Water Challenge:
COSTS
The Global Water Challenge:
COSTS
Human Development Challenge
Economic Challenge
Security Challenge
•Gathering Water
•10-60 minutes per day
•Uganda: 660 hours/family
•Africa: 40 billion working hours
Human Development Human Development
Human Development Human Development
•Water-related Disease
•50% of developing world’s hospital beds
•1.8 million diarrheal deaths
•17% of all child mortality
Human Development Human Development
Text
10-year-old girl in El Alto, Bolivia:
“Of course I wish I were in school. I want to learn to read and to
write... but how can I? My mother needs me to
get water and the standpipe here is only open from 10-12. You
have to get in line early because so many
people come here.”
Economic ChallengeEconomic Challenge
$170 billion = 2.6%$170 billion = 2.6%
$23.5 billion$23.5 billion
$29 billion$29 billion
sub-Saharan sub-Saharan AfricaAfrica
Latin Latin AmericaAmerica
$34 billion$34 billion
$66 billion$66 billion
South South AsiaAsia
East AsiaEast Asia
Economic ChallengeEconomic Challenge
Economic ChallengeEconomic Challenge
Economic ChallengeEconomic Challenge
Security ChallengeSecurity Challenge
“Whiskey is for drinking, water is for
fighting over”
Water Conflict
Security ChallengeSecurity Challenge
Water’s Importan
ce+ Water
Trends =
Conflict or Collaboration?Global number & type of events related to international river basins,
1948-1998
Extensive
military act
Small-scale
military act
Political/military hostile action
Diplomatic/
economic hostile action
Strong official verbal
hostility
Mild official verbal
hostility
Neutral non-
significant act
Mild verbal
support
Official verbal
supportCultural/ scientific agreeme
nt or support
Economic/
Technical agreeme
nt or support
Military econ.
strategic support
Intl. water treaty
ConflictCollaboratio
n
Security ChallengeSecurity Challenge
Security ChallengeSecurity Challenge
Security ChallengeSecurity Challenge
The Global Water Challenge:
SOLUTIONS
The Global Water Challenge:
SOLUTIONS
Mobilize Mobilize technologitechnologi
eses
1
Integrated Integrated Water Water
Resource Resource ManagemenManagemen
tt
2
Rational Rational pricingpricing
3
Multilateral Multilateral cooperatiocooperatio
nn
4
ConclusionConclusion
www.csis.orgwww.csis.org/gsi/
global_waters_future/
What is the Global Water Challenge?
What is the Global Water Challenge?
Laura KeatingGlobal Strategy Institute
Center for Strategic and International Studies
March 23, 2007
