What is imperialism? a.When stronger nations try to control weaker nations. b.US needed to start if...

What is imperialism?

a.When stronger nations try to control weaker nations.

b.US needed to start if it was going to keep up

1st Goal:Military Strength

-Admiral Alfred T. Mahan (1840-1914)

-Wrote: Influence of Sea Power on History

strong military needed to be = to the rest of the world

-By 1890, the US had the 3rd largest navy.

2nd Goal:New Markets

Needed more places to sell goods we made in US

Commercial/Business Interest

U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908

3rd Goal: Global Competition

- Losing race with Europe.

-What color is the US on this map?

What do you notice about the amount of land vs. other countries

Commercial/Business Commercial/Business InterestsInterests

Commercial/Business Commercial/Business InterestsInterests

U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908

U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908

American Foreign Trade:1870-1914

American Foreign Trade:1870-1914

Commercial/Business Commercial/Business InterestsInterests

Commercial/Business Commercial/Business InterestsInterests

1. Many Americans believed in Social Darwinism.

a. Belief in “superior” and “inferior” races.

A. Alaska1. 1867, William

Seward (Sec of State) bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million.

2. Criticized: Seward’s Folly

3. 1959:Alaska=state

B. Hawaii1. Since 1790s, US stopped there on their way to Asia.

2. 1820s, missionaries

founded schools on the islands.

3. Started Sugar/Fruit plantations.

4. Needed Protection: 1887 Pearl Harbor

US Takes HawaiiUS Takes HawaiiUS Takes HawaiiUS Takes HawaiiUS Business could US Business could send sugar to US with send sugar to US with no extra taxes until no extra taxes until 1890.1890.

McKinley Tariff 1890, McKinley Tariff 1890, made US sugar made US sugar farmers pay a tax, farmers pay a tax, profit went downprofit went down

Decided to try to Decided to try to make Hawaii part of make Hawaii part of USUS

Queen Lil did not want to Queen Lil did not want to give Hawaii upgive Hawaii up-US business attacked-US business attacked

New government under S. New government under S. DoleDole

-President Cleveland did -President Cleveland did not honor illegal military not honor illegal military actionaction

In 1898, Congress proclaimed Hawaii an American territory.

President McKinley did not stop

In 1959, Hawaii became the 50th state. Hawaii for the

Hawaiians!

U. S. View of HawaiiansU. S. View of HawaiiansU. S. View of HawaiiansU. S. View of Hawaiians

Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849

by virtue of economic treaties.

Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849

by virtue of economic treaties.

To The Victor Belongs the To The Victor Belongs the SpoilsSpoils

To The Victor Belongs the To The Victor Belongs the SpoilsSpoils

Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898

Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898

The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):

“That Splendid Little War”“That Splendid Little War”

The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):

“That Splendid Little War”“That Splendid Little War”

How prepared was the US for war?

How prepared was the US for war?

Cubans rebel• Americans want Cuba• Good farmland, close• Spanish won’t give up

Cubans revolt: • Jose Marti: 1895

Led Guerilla War US: most support. See a

connection with our past

Spain does not want to lose Cuba

Send “The Butcher:” Valeriano Weyler• Prison camps• US angry at Spain

Valeriano Weyler’s Valeriano Weyler’s “Reconcentration” Policy“Reconcentration” Policy

Valeriano Weyler’s Valeriano Weyler’s “Reconcentration” Policy“Reconcentration” Policy

Newspaper tells story War for customers:

• Pulitzer vs. Hearst• Yellow Journalism

Create Headlines that were not true to get readers

• “You furnish the pictures, I will furnish the war!”

De Lome Letter 1898 NY times

Publish letter• Said McKinley was

weak

Maine Explodes: • No one knows why• Blame falls on Spain

Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!

War1898First battle in PhilippinesGeorge Dewey commander

Supported by Philippines on the land lead by Emilio Aguinaldo

Dewey Captures Manila!Dewey Captures Manila!Dewey Captures Manila!Dewey Captures Manila!

Naval battle in Cuba:• US Adm. Sampson

fought Spanish Navy

Cuban Campaign on land• Army

Not prepared for war yet

125000 men Not trained, armed,

or supplied well Disease rampant

(bad)

1898 17000 troops Rough Riders:Kettle

Hill Charge and San Juan most famous charges.

After Cuba, invaded Puerto Rico• We were welcomed

there, little to no fighting

• Treaty of Paris August 12, armistice Splendid Little War

Result of War: • Spain lost Cuba,

Guam, and Puerto Rico• US paid Spain 20

million • Debate over Treaty

Did the Constitution follow the flag?

What would we do?

William H. Taft, 1stWilliam H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the PhilippinesGov.-General of the Philippines

William H. Taft, 1stWilliam H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the PhilippinesGov.-General of the Philippines

Great Great administrator.administrator.

Our “Sphere of Influence”Our “Sphere of Influence”Our “Sphere of Influence”Our “Sphere of Influence”

10.3 Acquiring Land

What would we do with land after war?• Should PR become a

state? • Military Rule 1st

General Miles in charge

• We needed PR for defense

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGiEOfo2E7E#t=56

1900 Pass Foraker Act: civilian gov.

1901 Insular Cases We will not grant full

freedom to all of our new lands

1917 Puerto Ricans given Citz

1898 US said Cuba free from Spain

Teller Amendment: US not take over Cuba

Post war:

Marti feared US would be new Spain

US did stay, but helped out with new schools, hospitals, meds, ended yellow fever

Cuban Constitution 1901• Platt: Did not give them full

freedom (see vocab)

Cubans mad, and marched on US Gov. Woods house,

Cuba was a protectorate now

Philippines: Treaty: US took over

Philippines

1899 rebel under Aguinaldo

US = torture/concentration camps

3 yrs

20,000 Filipinos, 4,000 US

400 million dollars

African American soldiers

New Democratic gov.

1899 Sec. of State John Hays issued Open Door Notes

“Lets Share China.”

Why? Chinese being mistreated

1000s of Chinese died

Hays issued 2nd Open Door

US would stop any future problems

Imperialism divides America

small group called “Anti Imperialists” spoke up

1900 election: McKinley vs. Bryan (I) (AI)

Winner makes policy!

Teddy and world

1901: TR pres when McKinley shot

1904 Russia and Japan at war

•Portsmouth Treaty TR wins Nobel Peace Prize

• caused bad feelings, will lead to WWII

Panama Canal:

we needed a Canal connecting A and P

Permission to build: 1901 Hay-Pauncefote Treaty

Where?

Bunau-Varilla sells us French land in Panama

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-uPCQy32tGg

1 problem: Columbia controlled Panama,

TR and Bunau-Varilla “arranged” a revolution against Columbia

Gunboat Diplomacy!

Building:• Disease, soft soil,

hard to get good workers

• 43,400 employed at one time!

• August 1914 Open for Business

Good for US business,

Latin America worried: Would they be next?

1904 Roosevelt Corollary

Restates Monroe Doctrine

Threatens other countries

Gunboat diplomacy

Taft lent money to countries in trouble

better if we helped them grow, rather than threaten

Missionary Diplomacy• help countries that had

good moral governments (Treated their people well)

Wanted more countries to be Democratic

Mexico put him to the test

Mexico had a dictator for many years: Diaz

Friendly to US, but not to his own people

1911 poor in Mexico led by Madero revolted and won, but only lasted a couple of years

1913 new president: Huerta. Wilson did not like him, so he did not recognize him as the leader

Tampico: 1914 US sailors arrested but let go quickly

Wilson sends Marines to Mexico

We almost went to war

ABC powers stopped war, got rid of Huerta

New president: Carranza, Wilson OK with this, but not the Mexican people

Pancho Villa and Zapata not agree with Carranza and wanted him out

Villa attacked US miners on way to Mexico, and invaded New Mexico killing US citizens

Wilson has to send US army under Pershing to chase

Carranza not like US troops in Mexico so his army and US clash

Just about to go to war and WWI breaks out