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Copyright © 2000 UMTS Forum. All Rights Reserved IPv6 TUTORIAL, GENEVA. ITU May 06th,2002– 1
WHAT ARE THE LIMITATIONS OF IPv4,WHAT IS IPv6
WHAT ARE THE LIMITATIONS WHAT ARE THE LIMITATIONS OF IPv4,OF IPv4,WHAT IS IPv6WHAT IS IPv6Bosco Eduardo FernandesIPv6 Tech. Dir. MemberUMTS FORUM IT Media GROUP CHAIRMANVice President,Tel.:+49 89 722 25524Fax.:+49 89 722 24646e-mail:bosco.fernandes@icn.siemens.de
BoscoBosco Eduardo Eduardo FernandesFernandesIPv6 Tech. Dir. MemberIPv6 Tech. Dir. MemberUMTS FORUMUMTS FORUM IT Media GROUP CHAIRMANIT Media GROUP CHAIRMANVice PresidentVice President,,Tel.:+49 89 722 25524Tel.:+49 89 722 25524Fax.:+49 89 722 24646Fax.:+49 89 722 24646ee--mail:mail:boscobosco..fernandesfernandes@@icnicn..siemenssiemens.de.de
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Copyright © 2000 UMTS Forum ICTG. All Rights Reserved IPv6 TUTORIAL, GENEVA. ITU May 06th,2002– 2
INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP)INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP)INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP)Dominat general purpose networking protocol in use today.It runs over an astounding number of physicalMedia.Fundamental packet format that many computersUse.Routers are the fundamental building blocks of any IP-based network including the Internet.
IP is a layered protocol, deisgned to facilitate the exchange of data between two applications on two different computers.
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Copyright © 2000 UMTS Forum ICTG. All Rights Reserved IPv6 TUTORIAL, GENEVA. ITU May 06th,2002– 3
WHAT DOES IP OFFER?WHAT DOES IP OFFER?WHAT DOES IP OFFER?
THE CONVERGENCE LAYER FOR DATA,THE CONVERGENCE LAYER FOR DATA,VOICE AND MULTIMEDIA NETWORKING, AS VOICE AND MULTIMEDIA NETWORKING, AS WELL AS FIXED AND MOBILE APPLICATIONSWELL AS FIXED AND MOBILE APPLICATIONSALLOWS FOR THIRD PARTY DEVELOPERS TO ALLOWS FOR THIRD PARTY DEVELOPERS TO ADD VALUE TO NETWORKSADD VALUE TO NETWORKSSINGLE SYSTEM FOR RESIDENTIAL, OFFICE, SINGLE SYSTEM FOR RESIDENTIAL, OFFICE, CELLULAR ENVIRONMENTSCELLULAR ENVIRONMENTS
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Copyright © 2000 UMTS Forum ICTG. All Rights Reserved IPv6 TUTORIAL, GENEVA. ITU May 06th,2002– 4
Addresses Bottleneck for growing InternetAddresses Bottleneck for Addresses Bottleneck for growing Internetgrowing Internet
application
transport
network
HTTP FTP SMTP NFS DNS SNMP
UDPTCP
IP
SDH LAN FRATM WDMISDN
(...)
(...)physical
Does not scale to the growth of the fruits and roots
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Copyright © 2000 UMTS Forum ICTG. All Rights Reserved IPv6 TUTORIAL, GENEVA. ITU May 06th,2002– 5
Internet400 mio
Mobile Users MobileNetworks
FixedInternet
today: 30 mio
gTLDs
TodayToday:
Entities2010
IPv4 4 ByteIPv4 4 Byte == 101099 AddrAddr..real real limitlimit << 1 1 biobio
IPv6 (16 Bytes = 1038 Addr. available)
1 mio 1 – 2 bio
??
PhysicalAddr.Cap.
DNS – bottleneck for Mobiles?
2 bio
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Copyright © 2000 UMTS Forum ICTG. All Rights Reserved IPv6 TUTORIAL, GENEVA. ITU May 06th,2002– 7
Map of the Root ServersMap of the Root ServersMap of the Root Servers
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Copyright © 2000 UMTS Forum ICTG. All Rights Reserved IPv6 TUTORIAL, GENEVA. ITU May 06th,2002– 8
TLD Naming Capacity will be exhausted byTLD TLD Naming Capacity Naming Capacity will will be be exhausted byexhausted by
Sample Calculation
Today: ~ 200 mio host addresses (IPv4)equivalent to 40 mio TLD names used
2010: 2000 – 5000 mio host addresses (IPv6)
equivalent to 400 – 500 mio TLD namesConclusion: TLD overload goes up by factor 10!Conclusion: TLD overload goes up by factor 10!
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Copyright © 2000 UMTS Forum ICTG. All Rights Reserved IPv6 TUTORIAL, GENEVA. ITU May 06th,2002– 9
Running out of Internet addresses —Limits Internet growth for existing users &
Hinders use of the Internet for new users—Internet Routing is inefficient—Forces users to use translation (NATs)
System Management Costs—Labour intensive, complex, slow & error
prone—Inconsistent level of DHCP support in clients—Networks are having to Renumber
–Caused by address space shortage/ When choosing a more competitive ISP
IPv4 - Limiting factorsIPv4 IPv4 -- Limiting factorsLimiting factors
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Copyright © 2000 UMTS Forum ICTG. All Rights Reserved IPv6 TUTORIAL, GENEVA. ITU May 06th,2002– 10
Optional Security—Retrofitted and many solutions defined
–SSL, SHTTP, IPSEC v4 etc.–No ONE standard
—Security features are optional –CANNOT count on their availability
Difficult to add support for future needs—Adding it on is very high overhead —Hinders the ability to connect everything over
IP
IPv4 issues IPv4 issues IPv4 issues
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Copyright © 2000 UMTS Forum ICTG. All Rights Reserved IPv6 TUTORIAL, GENEVA. ITU May 06th,2002– 11
How long can we ignore these problems?—IPv4 address space will run out—There is an engineering limit to the amount
of add-on and retrofitting that can be applied to IPv4–Ever more complex solutions–Each solution causes new problems to
solve–Limits scalability
A natural evolution from IPv4 is required—Designed with extensibility and scalability in
mind
Will IPv4 last forever?Will IPv4 last forever?Will IPv4 last forever?
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Copyright © 2000 UMTS Forum ICTG. All Rights Reserved IPv6 TUTORIAL, GENEVA. ITU May 06th,2002– 12
Where are we now?Where are we now?Where are we now?IPv6 is here now!
—Core specifications achieved Draft Standard status
—Many commercial products available
InternetDraft
RFC Proposed Standard
RFCDraft
Standard
RFCInternet
Standard
Technically complete
MultipleInteroperable
Implementations
SignificantOperationalExperience
Yes Yes Yes
No No
timeline1991Today6bone test bed
1996 1998
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Copyright © 2000 UMTS Forum ICTG. All Rights Reserved IPv6 TUTORIAL, GENEVA. ITU May 06th,2002– 13
NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATOR (NAT)NETWORK ADDRESS NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATOR (NAT)TRANSLATOR (NAT)
Limits Multimedia and Interactive Internet
Extensibility of VPNs, encryption and security
VoIP simply does not work in many cases with NATsNAT inhibits many forms of innovative network use
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Copyright © 2000 UMTS Forum ICTG. All Rights Reserved IPv6 TUTORIAL, GENEVA. ITU May 06th,2002– 14
Peer-to-peer RTP audio examplePeerPeer--toto--peer RTP audio peer RTP audio exampleexample
With NAT:—Need to know the address “outside the NAT”—Provide that address to peer—Need either NAT-aware application, or
application-aware NAT—May need a third party registration server to
facilitate finding peers
Home LAN Internet
P1
NAT Home LAN
P2
NAT
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Copyright © 2000 UMTS Forum ICTG. All Rights Reserved IPv6 TUTORIAL, GENEVA. ITU May 06th,2002– 15
Peer-to-peer RTP audio examplePeerPeer--toto--peer RTP audio peer RTP audio exampleexample
With IPv6:—Just use IPv6 address
P1 P2
Home LAN InternetHomeGateway Home LANHome
Gateway
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Copyright © 2000 UMTS Forum ICTG. All Rights Reserved IPv6 TUTORIAL, GENEVA. ITU May 06th,2002– 16
Transition, with 6to4:No dependency on “core”Transition, with 6to4:Transition, with 6to4:No dependency on “core”No dependency on “core”
Pure “Version 6” InternetPure “Version 6” Internet
Original “Version 4” InternetOriginal “Version 4” Internet
6to4 Site6to4 Site 6to4 Site6to4 Site
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Copyright © 2000 UMTS Forum ICTG. All Rights Reserved IPv6 TUTORIAL, GENEVA. ITU May 06th,2002– 17
IPv6 Solves many of the problems caused by the IPv4 success and more...Will the whole Internet get upgraded any time soon?—No way!—Some “green field” sites considering use of
IPv6IPv6 offer useful features for Today's networks
IPv6 part of the futureIPv6 part of the futureIPv6 part of the future
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Copyright © 2000 UMTS Forum ICTG. All Rights Reserved IPv6 TUTORIAL, GENEVA. ITU May 06th,2002– 18
Larger Address SpaceEfficient and Extensible IP datagramEfficient Route Computation and AggregationImproved Host and Router DiscoveryNew Stateless and Stateful Address AutoconfigurationRequired Security for IP datagramsEasy renumbering
IPv6 Key Features &AdvantagesIPv6 Key Features &IPv6 Key Features &AdvantagesAdvantages
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Copyright © 2000 UMTS Forum ICTG. All Rights Reserved IPv6 TUTORIAL, GENEVA. ITU May 06th,2002– 19
IPv6 ADDRESSINGIPv6 ADDRESSINGIPv6 ADDRESSING
It is more than about Addressing
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Copyright © 2000 UMTS Forum ICTG. All Rights Reserved IPv6 TUTORIAL, GENEVA. ITU May 06th,2002– 20
IPv6 OPPORTUNITIESIPv6 OPPORTUNITIESIPv6 OPPORTUNITIESAutoconfiguration of Link-local connections-Time limited local addresses given by nearest (inhouse) proxyPlug and Play connectivity- Link-local or main address accessableMobile use-Each station has a main address (Home address pre-fixing) and several time limited sub-addresses (Care-of-Addresses, local host pre-fixing)-In mobile use often two addresses active (cell related)at the time to determine the handoff. Movement direction may be determined.-Terminal Mobility in form of Mobile IPv6 considered
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Copyright © 2000 UMTS Forum ICTG. All Rights Reserved IPv6 TUTORIAL, GENEVA. ITU May 06th,2002– 21
IPv6 Flow Labels provide support for Data Flows—Allows Packet Prioritizing —Ensures that high priority traffic is not interrupted by
less critical dataIPv6 Multicast & Anycast—Multicast delivers data simultaneously to all hosts
that sign up to receive it– Makes conferencing more efficient
—Anycast delivers data to one host in the group– Could be used to implement fault tolerant
client/server applications more efficiently
Enables Next Generation ApplicationsEnables Next Generation Enables Next Generation ApplicationsApplications
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Copyright © 2000 UMTS Forum ICTG. All Rights Reserved IPv6 TUTORIAL, GENEVA. ITU May 06th,2002– 22
Available TODAY in commercial productsAvailable TODAY in Available TODAY in commercial productscommercial products
Microsoft will offer IPv6 in next Windows XPSun offers it now in Solaris 8Cisco Telebit has it standardly now in routerHitachiFujitsu6WINDetc...
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Copyright © 2000 UMTS Forum ICTG. All Rights Reserved IPv6 TUTORIAL, GENEVA. ITU May 06th,2002– 23
IPv6 is ready for deployment; —all the components are now in place
Most mobile systems need IPv6—the participants are much more committed
to it now than 6 months ago—Agreed standards are coming
Large-scale trials and experiments—Needed and happening
ConclusionsConclusionsConclusions
Recommended