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Welcome to Botany!
Please fill out a card: 1. Name 2. Class standing (i.e., freshman, sophomore,
etc.) 3. Registered? If YES, for what lab time? 4. Need to be Registered? Say so, what lab? 5. Way to reach you (email will work)…. 6. Reason you are taking this class (I’m
curious, and would like to see your interests!)
7. Hand in when ready!
Welcome to Botany!
Our website: http://bingweb.binghamton.edu/~bio370
Assignment: 1. Read Chapter 1 in the text 2. Find our website and print out materials for
lab 3. Normally bring lab materials to lab 4. Check the website and look for instructions 5. Labs begin this week
Grading Project: Points: First Midterm Exam 100 Second Midterm Exam 100 Mini-Exams (4 x 25pts.) 100 Final Exam (during finals week) 100 Laboratory Exercises and Projects 150 General Laboratory Performance 50 Total 500*
* see �higher math� link on the website!
What�s Botany?? 1) The study of �non-animal� groups
- Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
- Five Kingdom system:
Monera Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia -Modern phylogenetic system
Stevens site at the Missouri Botanical Garden
Tree of Life Project:
http://tolweb.org
What�s Botany?? 2) Understanding some about Earth�s history & our place in it. - Earth�s age: 4500,000,000 + years - Life is very old - Multicellular life is much younger - importance of photosynthesis - all Life on land follows successful invasion by plants
What�s Botany?? 3) Expanding the mind to what�s possible 4) The art/science of careful observation & precise terminology
What�s Botany? 5) Recognize the special importance of plants in shaping communities of organisms & our lives
Example: Biomes
Temperate Rainforest
Deserts
Tropical Rainforest: -more species of plants and animals live here than in the other biomes combined
Mediterranean Scrub California Chaparral:
- Adapted to Mediterranean climate cool/rainy winters hot/dry summer - Fire important
Aquatic environments
Within larger biomes, additional factors are often important…
What�s Botany??
6) The lore of humans & plants:
Demeter & Triptolemus
Shen Nung
Adam & Eve
�Poppy Head� From Crete
Greek coin
Mochica Corn gods
Chimu potato pot
Mythology & Archaeological Evidence:
�Johnny Appleseed� John Chapman
died 1842
America is a young country, but we too have our mythology
The history of modern civilization is intimately tied to agriculture Modern examples of societies with hunter-gatherer & �low-tech� agriculture – We have a lot to learn from them… - historical patterns - sustainable practices?
Food! – Gifts from different parts of the world
But where do things in the Supermarket Originally come from?
Intoxicating Beverages: - made with plants & yeast - beer, meade - grains
Grapes & wine
Agave
Fibers
Sisal in Mexico
Traditional house in New Ginea
�King� Cotton Ancient flax
woodworking
Oils & Resins
Rubber
Sunflowers for oil
Plants in Medicine: We need to stop this!
Opium Poppy – Papaver somniferum - Latex in fruit contains powerful alkaloids morphine, codeine from which heroin is synthesized - Has analgesic properties, but highly addictive
Foxglove – Digitalis purpurea -Common garden ornamental -Source of cardiac glycosides - Used in treating heart conditions
Periwinkle – Catharanthus roseus - Folk treatment for diabetes - Source of vinblastine & vincristine powerful cancer chemotherapy drugs
Tobacco: Nicotiana tabacum
Henbane – Hyoscyamus niger
Deadly Nightshade Atropa belladonna
atropine eye drops
poison
Jimsonweed –Datura spp.
toxic hallucinogens
hallucinogen
Other alkaloid uses…
Coca – Erythroxylum coca -Leaves originally chewed to reduce fatigue, hunger & pain -Cocaine is an alkaloid – anesthetic used in medicine - Similar synthetic compounds lidocaine & procaine (novocain) - Crack & coke are highly concentrated derivatives - Have highly addictive and debilitating effects
Plants as ornamentals:
Another agenda: Botany and Science in general:
- Methodologies and limits of scientific inquiry - Knowledge is the basis for informed social policy
Biotechnology & genetic engineering We need a a rational basis to access both benefit & risk
Monsanto�s Bt gene in cotton
The importance of natural diversity Balancing the needs of people both now and in the future
We need to develop responsible policies for the long term…
Long-term sustainability?
What�s Botany?? 3) Expanding the mind to what�s possible 4) The art/science of careful observation & precise terminology
Useful Terminology for Vegetative Structures:
-Life Span: annual
Mustard Brassica sp.
Hoary alyssum Berteroa incana
Life Span:
perennial
Red Maple Acer rubrum Stinking Benjamin
Trillium erectum
Life Span:
biennial
Queen Anne�s lace Daucus carota
Mullein Verbascum thapsus
Foxglove Digitalis sp.
Plant Habit:
herb shrub tree
Useful Terminology for Vegetative Structures:
Dogwood Cornus sp.
Wild mint Mentha arvensis
Sweet gum Liquidambar styraciflua
Plant Habit:
succulent vine
Pineapple Ananas comosus
Vetch Vicia sp.
Bindweed Convolvulus sp.
Prickly pear Opuntia sp.
Plant Organs: - root - stem - leaf - flower / strobilus - seed/embryo - other specialized organs
shoot
Kinds of Roots & Underground Stems:
Tap Root Fibrous Roots Adventitious Roots Rhizome or Stolon Tuber Corm Bulb
The Shoot:
Stem vs Shoot lamina petiole leaf scar stipule insertion node vs internode axil Buds: terminal vs axillary
Leaf Insertion:
basal alternate opposite whorled
Leaf Morphology:
simple vs compound leaf pinnately vs palmately compound pinnate vs bipinnate vs tripinnate compound leaves
Leaf Shape: needles, scales, broad leaves
Kinds of Leaf Bases: petiolate vs sessile clasping sheathing perfoliate
Leaf Blade Tips:
acute vs obtuse rounded vs truncate mucronate vs acuminate
Leaf Blade Bases:
acute vs obtuse vs rounded vs truncate cordate, peltate, sagittate
Leaf Edge:
entire serrate vs dentate -ulate crenate
Curving of the Lamina:
Lobing:
pinnate palmate
revolute vs involute
Leaf/Stem Surface:
glabrous pubescent hirsute stellate glandular
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