Welcome to Botany!

Please fill out a card: 1.  Name 2.  Class standing (i.e., freshman, sophomore,

etc.) 3.  Registered? If YES, for what lab time? 4.  Need to be Registered? Say so, what lab? 5.  Way to reach you (email will work)…. 6.  Reason you are taking this class (I’m

curious, and would like to see your interests!)

7.  Hand in when ready!

Welcome to Botany!

Our website: http://bingweb.binghamton.edu/~bio370

Assignment: 1.  Read Chapter 1 in the text 2.  Find our website and print out materials for

lab 3.  Normally bring lab materials to lab 4.  Check the website and look for instructions 5.  Labs begin this week

Grading Project: Points: First Midterm Exam 100 Second Midterm Exam 100 Mini-Exams (4 x 25pts.) 100 Final Exam (during finals week) 100 Laboratory Exercises and Projects 150 General Laboratory Performance 50 Total 500*

* see �higher math� link on the website!

What�s Botany?? 1) The study of �non-animal� groups

- Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

- Five Kingdom system:

Monera Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia -Modern phylogenetic system

Stevens site at the Missouri Botanical Garden

Tree of Life Project:

http://tolweb.org

What�s Botany?? 2) Understanding some about Earth�s history & our place in it. -  Earth�s age: 4500,000,000 + years -  Life is very old -  Multicellular life is much younger -  importance of photosynthesis -  all Life on land follows successful invasion by plants

What�s Botany?? 3) Expanding the mind to what�s possible 4) The art/science of careful observation & precise terminology

What�s Botany? 5) Recognize the special importance of plants in shaping communities of organisms & our lives

Example: Biomes

Temperate Rainforest

Deserts

Tropical Rainforest: -more species of plants and animals live here than in the other biomes combined

Mediterranean Scrub California Chaparral:

- Adapted to Mediterranean climate cool/rainy winters hot/dry summer - Fire important

Aquatic environments

Within larger biomes, additional factors are often important…

What�s Botany??

6) The lore of humans & plants:

Demeter & Triptolemus

Shen Nung

Adam & Eve

�Poppy Head� From Crete

Greek coin

Mochica Corn gods

Chimu potato pot

Mythology & Archaeological Evidence:

�Johnny Appleseed� John Chapman

died 1842

America is a young country, but we too have our mythology

The history of modern civilization is intimately tied to agriculture Modern examples of societies with hunter-gatherer & �low-tech� agriculture – We have a lot to learn from them… - historical patterns - sustainable practices?

Food! – Gifts from different parts of the world

But where do things in the Supermarket Originally come from?

Intoxicating Beverages: - made with plants & yeast - beer, meade - grains

Grapes & wine

Agave

Fibers

Sisal in Mexico

Traditional house in New Ginea

�King� Cotton Ancient flax

woodworking

Oils & Resins

Rubber

Sunflowers for oil

Plants in Medicine: We need to stop this!

Opium Poppy – Papaver somniferum -  Latex in fruit contains powerful alkaloids morphine, codeine from which heroin is synthesized -  Has analgesic properties, but highly addictive

Foxglove – Digitalis purpurea -Common garden ornamental -Source of cardiac glycosides - Used in treating heart conditions

Periwinkle – Catharanthus roseus - Folk treatment for diabetes - Source of vinblastine & vincristine powerful cancer chemotherapy drugs

Tobacco: Nicotiana tabacum

Henbane – Hyoscyamus niger

Deadly Nightshade Atropa belladonna

atropine eye drops

poison

Jimsonweed –Datura spp.

toxic hallucinogens

hallucinogen

Other alkaloid uses…

Coca – Erythroxylum coca -Leaves originally chewed to reduce fatigue, hunger & pain -Cocaine is an alkaloid – anesthetic used in medicine - Similar synthetic compounds lidocaine & procaine (novocain) - Crack & coke are highly concentrated derivatives - Have highly addictive and debilitating effects

Plants as ornamentals:

Another agenda: Botany and Science in general:

- Methodologies and limits of scientific inquiry - Knowledge is the basis for informed social policy

Biotechnology & genetic engineering We need a a rational basis to access both benefit & risk

Monsanto�s Bt gene in cotton

The importance of natural diversity Balancing the needs of people both now and in the future

We need to develop responsible policies for the long term…

Long-term sustainability?

What�s Botany?? 3) Expanding the mind to what�s possible 4) The art/science of careful observation & precise terminology

Useful Terminology for Vegetative Structures:

-Life Span: annual

Mustard Brassica sp.

Hoary alyssum Berteroa incana

Life Span:

perennial

Red Maple Acer rubrum Stinking Benjamin

Trillium erectum

Life Span:

biennial

Queen Anne�s lace Daucus carota

Mullein Verbascum thapsus

Foxglove Digitalis sp.

Plant Habit:

herb shrub tree

Useful Terminology for Vegetative Structures:

Dogwood Cornus sp.

Wild mint Mentha arvensis

Sweet gum Liquidambar styraciflua

Plant Habit:

succulent vine

Pineapple Ananas comosus

Vetch Vicia sp.

Bindweed Convolvulus sp.

Prickly pear Opuntia sp.

Plant Organs: - root - stem - leaf - flower / strobilus - seed/embryo - other specialized organs

shoot

Kinds of Roots & Underground Stems:

Tap Root Fibrous Roots Adventitious Roots Rhizome or Stolon Tuber Corm Bulb

The Shoot:

Stem vs Shoot lamina petiole leaf scar stipule insertion node vs internode axil Buds: terminal vs axillary

Leaf Insertion:

basal alternate opposite whorled

Leaf Morphology:

simple vs compound leaf pinnately vs palmately compound pinnate vs bipinnate vs tripinnate compound leaves

Leaf Shape: needles, scales, broad leaves

Kinds of Leaf Bases: petiolate vs sessile clasping sheathing perfoliate

Leaf Blade Tips:

acute vs obtuse rounded vs truncate mucronate vs acuminate

Leaf Blade Bases:

acute vs obtuse vs rounded vs truncate cordate, peltate, sagittate

Leaf Edge:

entire serrate vs dentate -ulate crenate

Curving of the Lamina:

Lobing:

pinnate palmate

revolute vs involute

Leaf/Stem Surface:

glabrous pubescent hirsute stellate glandular