View
213
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Welcome MAT 2012-2013 CohortSpecial Methods of Instruction ISummer 2012GRAD 210Dr. Bowles, Instructor
Key Points Chapter TwoWhat is contextualized language
instruction?The degree to which meaning and situations from the world outside the classroom are present in an instructional approach, method, or classroom activity.
Why?It engages learners in constructing meaning and in using L2 to communicate and acquire new information.
History of Foreign Language Education
Time Period Method Technique
Until 19th c. Grammar-Translation
Learn grammar rules; memorize bilingual lists
Late 19th c. – early 20th c.
Direct Exclusive use of L2; use of visuals; grammar learned through induction
1940-50s Audio-lingual (ALM) S-R pattern drills; memorization of dialogues; focus on accuracy; skills learned in sequence (L, S, R,W)
1960s Cognitive Code Meaningful language use; deductive teaching of grammar in L1
History of Foreign Language EducationTime Period Method Technique
1974 Total Physical Response
Physical response to oral commands; exclusive use of TL; creative language use
Late 1970s –Early 1980s
Natural Approach Creative, communicative practice; limited error correction; acquisition activities
1972-1973 Silent Way Use of Cuisenaire rods to denote words & structures; self & peer correction; early writing practice
1976 Community Language Learning
Teacher translates L1 to L2; learners determine lesson theme; conversation analysis
History of Foreign Language EducationTime Period
Method Technique
1978-1979 Suggestopedia Music in background; role play, ambient atmosphere
1972-1980 Dartmouth Intensive Language Model (DILM)
Drama & action by teacher; immediate error correction; skits & games; microteaching for culture
1980s-1990s No particular method; emphasis on proficiency
Self-expression & creativity; use of language in a variety of contexts; authentic texts; interaction with others; integration of language & culture
1996-present
Emphasis on Standards
Language as a vehicle for learning content; integration of skills & culture; integration of technology; exploration of cultural products & practices
Proficiency
•Proficiency movement began in the 1970s.•ACTFL proficiency standards developed in
1982•(recently revised).
▫Four interrelated criteria Global tasks or functions (asking for
information, e.g.) Contexts/content areas ( marketplace—
buying food) Accuracy (linguistic and sociocultural) Oral text type (from words to discourse)
Standards for Foreign Language Learning (SFLL)
•A collaborative effort (1996, 1999)•Five Cs of Foreign Language Education
▫Communication▫Culture▫Connections▫Comparisons▫Communities
•Eleven content standards to describe what students should know and be able to do
ACTFL Performance Guidelines for K-12 Learners
• 1998—takes into account the various sequences of language instruction that typically exist in American schools
• Outlines language performance expectations from Novice, to Intermediate, to Pre-advanced
• Student performance includes▫Comprehensibility▫Comprehension▫Language control▫Vocabulary use▫Communication strategies▫Cultural awareness
Curricular Weave
•Standards include other elements for language learning▫Language system▫Cultural traits & concepts▫Communication strategies▫Critical thinking skills▫Learning strategies
Instructional Strategies•Bottom-up—analyze and learn grammar rules
and vocabulary (skills getting)and use the structures in communicative activities designed to focus their attention on meaningful interaction (skills using, Rivers 1983)▫Traditional▫Skill-based▫Drill oriented (Paulston, 1972)
Mechanical—one way to respond Meaningful—more than one response Communicative-asks for new response
Instructional Strategies• Top-down—learners presented with “whole”
text, seek main idea, interaction with others manipulation of language by learners, meaningful context▫Higher order thinking / skills▫Meaning from whole, not discrete points▫Communicative
Present text Introduce realia Present tasks to demonstrate understanding of main
ideas and particular details Engage in discussion
Curricular Models
•Examples: ▫TIA (Total Instructional Alignment)▫Leaner-Centered Curriculum▫AP ▫IB ▫PLC ▫Textbook
Recommended