View
57
Download
0
Category
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Phonology. The following PowerPoint is to be used as a guideline for the important vocabulary and terminology to know as you do your readings, answering questions, and forming your thoughts and comments for your discussion with fellow classmates. Week 3 – Part 2. Pronunciation of Morphemes. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Week 3 – Part 2
PhonologyThe following PowerPoint is to be used as a guideline for the important vocabulary and terminology to know as you do your readings, answering questions, and forming your thoughts and comments for your discussion with fellow classmates.
The Pronunciation of Plurals
Allomorphs◦ An alternative phonetic form of a morpheme (plural morphemes:
cats, dogs, kisses)
Homorganic nasal rule◦ place of articulation of the nasal is the same as for the following
consonant.
Pronunciation of Morphemes
Distinctive Phonetic Features—Voiced, Nasal, Labial, and Continuant
Nondistinctive Phonetic Features—Aspiration,
which is predictable from phonetic context Minimal Pair—when two distinct words are
distinguished by a single phone occurring in the same position.
Distinctive Features of Phonemes
p b mStop + + +Labial + + +Voiced - + +Nasal - - +
Feature Values
b m d n g ŋStop + + + + + +Voiced + + + + + +Labial + + - - - -Alveolar - - + + - -Velar - - - - + +Nasal - + - + - +
Natural Classes of Speech Sound1. Nasalize vowels before p, I, or z
as to have a rule such as
2. Nasalize vowels before m, n, or ŋ
Feature Specification of Major Natural Classes of Sounds (pg. 283)
Features Obstruents
Nasals Liquids Glides Vowels
Consonantal
+ + + - -
Sonorant - + + + +Syllabic - +/- +/- - +Nasal - + - - +/-
Features of Some American English VowelsFeatures i ɪ e ɛ æ u ʊ o ɔ a ʌ
High + + - - - + + - - - *
Mid - - + + - - - + + - +
Low - - - - + - - - - + -
Back - - - - - + + + + + -
Central - - - - - - - - - - +
Round - - - - - + + + + - -
Tense + - + - - + - + - + -
Sound Segments and Phonological Features See handout of Sound Segments and Features
Assimilation Rules
◦ Dissimilation rules—the means by which a segment becomes less similar to another
segment.
Feature Changing Rules
Segment Insertion and Deletion Rules
◦ Epenthesis—the process of inserting a consonant or vowel.
Movement (Metathesis) Rules
◦ Metathesis rules—rules that reorder sequences of phonemes.
From One to Many and from Many to One
The Function of Phonological Rules
◦ Derivation—applying a rule that applies to one phoneme to another phoneme.
Slips of the Tong: Evidence for the Phonological Rules
Rules of Phonology
Prosodic or Suprasegmental Features—pitch, stress, and segment length.
Syllable Structure Word Stress Sentence and Phrase Stress Tone Languages—languages in which syllables or words
are contrasted by pitch. Intonation
◦ Intonation languages—use pitch variations to distinguish meanings of phrases and sentences
Prosodic Phonology
Prosodic or Suprasegmental Features—pitch, stress, and segment length.
Tone Languages—languages in which syllables or
words are contrasted by pitch. .
Prosodic Phonology
Morphophonemic rules—apply to specific morphemes. Phonotactics—sequential constraints that determine which
sounds may be adjacent within the syllable. Accidental gaps—possible but nonoccurring words
otherwise known as nonsense words. Optimality Theory—hypothesizes a set of ranked
constraints that govern the phonological rules.
Additional terms to know
SOURCES
Fromkin, Victoria, et al. An Introduction to Language. 9th ed. Boston: Wadsworth, 2011.
Davenport, Mike & Hannahs, S.J. Introducing Phonetics and Phonology. 3rd ed. London UK. Hodder Education.
Recommended