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Week 1 Introductions Course Outline
– Course Outcomes– Evaluation Plan– Textbook
Schedule [Syllabus] Academic Integrity Student Introductions Learning Style / Multiple Intelligences Analysis of the Story of Architecture Settlement to 1st Civilization Assignment 1: Home Assignment 2 Toronto Tour
Module 1 Architectural History1
The next person tells the name(s) and favorite building(s) of all the persons before them!
Introduce Yourself and tell us your most favorite building in the world
Architectural Quotes
Module 1 Architectural History4
The next person tells the name(s) and favorite building(s) of all the persons before them!
Introduce Yourself and tell us your most favorite building in the world
Using the shared Excel Document. Type your name on the MI Sheet and place 1 across the talents column you think you posses
Handout: Learning Styles and Strategies Questionnaire
The next person tells the name(s) and favorite building(s) of all the persons before them!
Introduce Yourself and tell us your most favorite building in the world
Multiple Intelligences summary
Experiential Learning Cycle What is Experiential
Learning? Experiential Learning is an
approach to learning in which participants engage in an activity, reflect on the activity critically, and obtain useful insight and learnings.
Learning which is developed experientially is "owned" by the learner and becomes an effective and integral aspect of behavioral change. Skill development, versus simply acquiring knowledge and concepts, occurs through Experiential Learning.
http://www.universityassociates.com/DELMFull.html
What is the Experiential Learning Cycle? The Experiential Learning Cycle includes five sequential steps, or
stages. The steps are as follows: Experiencing: (This is the initial stage of the cycle): Almost any activity
that involves self-assessment or interpersonal interaction may be used as the "doing" part of experiential learning.
Publishing: After participants have experienced an activity, they are ready to share or publish what they observed and how they felt during that experience.
Processing: (This is the pivotal step in the experiential learning cycle). This step, referred to as the group dynamics stage, includes systematic examination of shared experiences by the members of the group.
Generalizing: In this stage, the members of the group begin to focus on their awareness of situations in their personal or work lives that are similar to those they experienced in the group.
Applying: In this final stage, the facilitator helps participants apply generalizations to actual situations in which they are involved.
Experiential Learning
Differences between experiential learning and conventional training and teaching
http://www.businessballs.com/experiential_learning.htm
Module 1 Architectural History11
Chapter 2:Settlement to First Civilizations
History of ArchitectureHIST 12797
What are the Issues of Settlement?
Homo sapiens populates the globe
Module 1 Architectural History12
120,000 BP [Before Present] Based on fossil evidence
Source (1)
Cro-Magnon
Homo sapiens populates the globe
Module 1 Architectural History13
30,000 BP
Source (1)
Homo sapiens populates the globe
Module 1 Architectural History14
Population about 4 million
10,000 BP
Source (1)
Homo sapiens populates the globeEarly hunter-gatherers followed their food source(1) migrating herds
– of woolly mammoths, aurochs, bison, horses
(2) seasonal plant growth such as fruit and grainsMost of wild land biomass is:
– dangerous to hunt or difficult to gather – indigestible or even poisonous – low in nutritional value – tedious to make edible
Module 1 Architectural History15
Cro-Magnon Dwelling, Ukraine
Module 1 Architectural History16
Huts of Terra Amata, France 400,000
– 300,000 B.C. [Paleolithic Era] (paleo=old; lithic=stone)
Located near Nice, France, Terra Amata was a stone age hunt camp. Huts were made of branches tied together. Only traces remain today. Reconstruction is based on post holes and rocks around the perimeter
These are the oldest man-made structures known
Anthropologic Periods– Paleolithic before 8200 BC– Mesolithic 8200 – 4800 BC– Neolithic 4800 – 2200 BC– Bronze Age 2200 – 100 BC– Iron Age 100 BC – present
http://www.wort-und-wissen.de/sij/sij112/img/sij112-7-2.gif
Settlement after the last Ice Age
Module 1 Architectural History17
12,000BC ---- to ------ > Today
Paleolithic–Neolithic-Bronze–Iron Age
Source (1)
Civilization starts here
Settlement after the last Ice AgeCultivation after 10,000 BP, gatherers no longer relied on chance encounters with edible plants
– purposely sow —> harvest —> resow seeds to produce food
Bringing land under cultivation enables it support 10 to 100 times more people.
Domesticating animals introduced readily available source of protein, non-food products, natural fertilizer, and work power.
Module 1 Architectural History18
Group Discussion: What are the Issues of Settlement
Form a group at each tableDiscuss what issues homo sapiens
encountered when they stopped being hunter/gatherers and settled in one place.
Write out the issues using Post-It Notes (or the Shared PowerPoint Document).
What kind of issues? How did they deal with them? What kind of solutions did
they come up with? With what?
Module 1 Architectural History19
Module 1 Architectural History20
Group Discussion: Issues of Settlement
Are there common themes to the items you have identified?
Can you group them on the board under one of the following categories?– Technology– Function– Expression– Culture
Module 1 Architectural History21
The Elements of Architecture
Module 1 Architectural History22
Architectural ExpressionStyle
Technology
Culture Function
The Elements of Architecture Roman architect Vitruvius, in his book
“de Architectura”, identified three of the main elements of architecture:
1. “Commoditie” or Utility = FunctionHow is the Building to be used? Architectural Brief, Functional Programme, Circulation + Wayfinding, Space Planning
2. “Firmeness” or Strength = Technology How does the Building stand up? Materials. Structure, Building Envelope, Sustainable Development, Life Cycle Analysis, Details
Module 1 Architectural History23
The Elements of Architecture Roman architect Vitruvius, in his book
“de Architectura”, identified three of the main elements of architecture:
3. “Delight” or Grace = ExpressionIs the Building attractive or beautiful? Architectural Style, Building Design
By looking back in time with our perspective on history, we can add
4. Culture = lifestyle, beliefs, traditions, economics, social structure and artistic sensibilities
Module 1 Architectural History24
The Elements of Architecture
Module 1 Architectural History25
Sources and References
(1) Dr. Barbara J. Becker, Department of History, University of California, Irvine. HISTORY 135E: “Spinning the Web of Ingenuity: An Introduction to the History of Technology.” Winter 2004 https://eee.uci.edu/clients/bjbecker/SpinningWeb/index.htm
Paleolithic Period http://www.culture.fr/culture/arcnat/lascaux/en/
Neolithic Period/Stonehenge http://www.jamesmdeem.com/cavestory3.htm
Culture: http://skunk120.hubpages.com/hub/Architecture-and-Culture http://rmnathan.hubpages.com/hub/Culture_and_Houses#
Module 1 Architectural History26
Architectural QuotesBREAK
10
minutes
What do we humans need to survive?
Module 2 Answering the need for Shelter28
http://www.livescience.com/34128-limits-human-survival.html
What do we humans need to survive?
"rule of threes" dictates how long we can forgo air, water and food
roughly three minutes, three days and three weeks, respectively
Module 2 Answering the need for Shelter29
http://www.livescience.com/34128-limits-human-survival.html
Maslow’sHierarchy of
needs
Module 2 Answering the need for Shelter30
The invention of Agriculture changed the way people lived.
Agriculture (Farming)
Growth of Cities
Division of Labor (Specialization)
Trade
Writing and Mathematics
Origins and Spread of Agriculture
Egypt, Asian, India and Mesopotamia
First Civilization
• Sumerian Civilization - Tigris & Euphrates Rivers (Mesopotamia) / Cunieform• Egyptian Civilization - Nile River / Hieroglyphics• Harappan Civilization - Indus River / Indus Script
• Ancient China - Huang He (Yellow) River / Chinese Characters
Early River Valley Civilizations
•Flooding of Tigris and Euphrates is unpredictable•No natural barriers•Limited natural resources for making tools or buildings
Environment
Sumer
Egypt
Indus Valley
China
•Flooding of the Nile is predictable•Nile an easy transportation link between Egypt’s villages
•Deserts were natural barriers
• Indus flooding is unpredictable•Monsoon winds•Mountains, deserts were natural barriers
•Huang He flooding is unpredictable•Mountains, deserts natural barriers•Geographically isolated from other ancient civilizations
Search the internet
Groups of 4 or more Search each of the 4 early civilization using the
architectural framework that influenced architecture:– Culture– Function– Technology– Expression
Place your research in the Shared PowerPoint document
Remember to copy the URL as well to properly cite your sources
38
Technology
Culture
Function Building Types
Architectural Expression
Architecture Space and Form
HOA 12797 is a course that will bring forward the analysis of how culture, technology, function and architectural expressions mold the space and form of a building
Module 2 Answering the need for Shelter
Share your PPT
What have you discovered about the 1st civilization? How did they build their structures? What materials did they use? How did they try to adapt to the environment? What type of functional spaces did they provide for? Who were involved in the construction of this
structures What kind of expression of forms did they
articulate? Other questions?
1st Civilization Summary
Comparative Timeline
Reader’s Digest Everyday Life Through the Ages Page 18
Technology
Cultur
e
Express
ion
FunctionFortified Turkish Village
Indus Valley
Indus Valley
Major Sites and Interaction Networks
Corbeled drain at Mound ET gateway
Harappa, Indus Valley
workmen's platforms, and were first thought to have been used to thresh grain
Harappa, Indus Valley
"Great Granary“ (2450 B.C)Harappa, Indus Valley
Reconstruction of houses of the prehistoric village of Aaiun in Mesopotamia
61
Çatal Hüyük, Turkey
Existed from approximately 7500 BCE to 5700 BCE. It is the largest and best preserved Neolithic site found to date. [Discovered 1961]
64
Çatal Hüyük, Turkey
Reconstruction
Phases in use & Rebuilding
65
Çatal Hüyük, Turkey
Interior Reconstruction
Egypt
The Geometry of the Immortal
http://home.comcast.net/~DiazStudents/whistory_units1.htm#egypt1
A. Harvesting grain; B. Musicians play for the workers in the fields; C. Women winnowing the grain; D. Scribes tally the farmer’s taxes; E. The farmer’s son tending the livestock /
cattle.
Wealthy man’s house at Amarna.
73
Mud Brick-making
http://www.crystalinks.com/egypthomes.html
Technology Culture
Expression
FunctionAncient Egyptian Homes
Reader’s Digest Everyday Life Through the Ages Page 26
Technology Culture
Expressio
nFunction
Ancient Egyptian House
http://www.crystalinks.com/egypthomes.html
Technology Culture
Expressio
n
FunctionAncient Egyptian Homes
CHINA
CHINA
CHINAHuts of Banpo Matriarchal Clan Community
CHINAHuts of Banpo Matriarchal Clan Community
http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/china/architecture/
Sources and References
Marketing4marketeershttp://marketing4marketeers.wordpress.com/2010/05/07/marketing-to-one-buyer-at-a-time/ http://www.harappa.com/har/har0.htmlhttp://
www.harappa.com/har/indus-saraswati-geography.html http://www.harappa.com/indus2/oldworld.html http://www.harappa.com/indus2/timeline.html
Module 1 Architectural History83
What have we learned from our beginnings?
1st Civilization: Egypt, Asian, India and Mesopotamia (GA)
Generalization and Application
Generalization and Application Having researched and share the challenges faced
by our ancestors from the 1st civilization and seen how Technology, Expression, Culture and Function influenced the shape and form of their architecture use the Shared PowerPoint document provided and :– write a generalization about the period (focus on
housing only) 1 to 2 sentences should be enough.– write down as well in the same slide how you think you
can apply what you have learned from this topic. Focus on your future career as an architectural technologist/technician
– Provide images to highlight your points
Assignment 1
Home Video (open the word document
Module 1 Architectural History86
Assignment 2
Toronto Tour (open the PowerPoint document)
Module 1 Architectural History87
See you next meeting for another great adventure in the history of Architecture!
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