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Annual report of WaterAid in Bangladesh April 2011 - March 2012
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Weaving hope Annual report of WaterAid in Bangladesh
April 2011 - March 2012
Saikat Mojumder/ Drik
Who we are
WaterAid is an international NGO that
enables the world's poorest people to
gain access to safe water and
sanitation. Together with improved
hygiene, these basic human rights
underpin health, education and
livelihoods, forming the first essential
step in overcoming poverty.
WaterAid transforms lives by
improving access to safe water,
hygiene and sanitation in the world's
poorest communities. We work with
partners and influence decision-
makers to maximise our impact.
What we do
WaterAid use practical solutions to
provide safe water, effective
sanitation and hygiene education.
We work with local partners, who
understand local issues, and provide
them with the skills and support to
help communities set up and
manage practical and sustainable
projects that meet their real needs.
We also work locally and
internationally to change policy and
practice and ensure that water,
hygiene and sanitation's vital role in
reducing poverty is recognised.
Contents
Who we are 02
What we do 02
From the desk of the
Country Representative 04
Our country programme 06
Our new Country Strategy Plan 08
Our aims and achievements 10
Our partnership 14
Our financing 16
Our supporters 18
WaterAid/ ASM Shafiqur Rahman
WaterAid Values
Inclusive
Inspiring
Courageous
Always learning
Accountable
Collaborative
From the desk of the
Country Representative
Year 2011-2012 has been a fabulous year
for WaterAid in Bangladesh for many reasons.
This was the first year of our new Country
Strategy Plan, hence was transformational in
both programmatically and financially. We
put together our learning to design new
programmes, operational strategies and
action-points to better reach disadvantages
people with effective and sustainable WaSH
services. In addition, upholding WaSH as
rights was another significant focus of our
work during this period. Securing funding for
our innovative, diverse and ambitious
programme was also a significant milestone
during the year.
Last year Bangladesh walked its own rocky
road politically and economically.
Confrontational politics, labour unrest and
price hike of essential commodities affected
the lives of all, especially the poor. We have
seen significant increases in WaSH sector
budget for the last couple of years which
translated into increased access to water and
sanitation for the poor. We hope that this
trend would continue so that the aspiration of
sanitation for all by 2013 can be achieved.
WaterAid in Bangladesh also has gone
through some programmatic changes during
the last year. EEHCO, being the major
programme, has been phased out and split
into Rural and Urban WaSH programmes.
New approach has been adopted in Climate
Change programme. All these changes had
an impact in the existing partnership as well
as on human resource management at the
partner level. The impact of these challenges
initially slowed down the implementation in
the 1st half of the year. However, the backlog
has been recovered and programmes were
on track during the 2nd half.
WaterAid/ Zakaria Shahid Rumi
In the last year, we provided 0.14 million
poor and disadvantaged people access to
safe drinking water and 0.73 million people
access to improved sanitation facilities.
During the same period 0.37 million people
were motivated to practice hand washing
with soap after defecation. Almost half of the
users were women. Around one-fourth of the
people having access to safe water and one-
fifth of the people getting sanitation service in
the reporting period were extreme poor. Also
we have developed 29,534 household-
based solid waste management systems and
9,777 wastewater management systems and
piloted two decentralised wastewater
treatment plants.
Ministry of LGRD&C has approved
authorisation to Chittagong WASA allowing
them to sign MoU with WaterAid partners in
relation to provide water supply connections
in city slums. Following the Dhaka WASA
experience, WaterAid and its partners are
now in a position to provide water and
sanitation facilities in the name of CBOs for
the slum dwellers in Chittagong.
WaterAid and partners were instrumental in
reviewing and drafting a number of national
policies last year. They include Bangladesh
Water Act 2012 (draft) which has clause to
preserve Khash pond for drinking water,
Urban Sector Policy, Followup of BanglaSan
declaration and National Hygiene Promotion
Strategy. Four demonstrations on rainwater
harvesting and groundwater recharge plants
have been established at four urban sites to
create influencing evidence.
We have conducted a study on ‘Allocation,
targeting and effectiveness of sanitation
subsidy in Bangladesh’ and disseminated at
the national level. The study has had an
impact on influencing the government to
consider doubling the sanitation subsidy for
the rural poor. We will continue tracking the
WaSH allocation in National budget.
Putting a lot of efforts and dedication towards
in-country fundraising, we secured a total in-
country grant of BDT 855.12 million (GBP
6.5 million) for 23 projects. Most of the
proposals we submitted last year or the year
before were successful while a few were not.
WaterAid in Bangladesh has signed grant
agreements with SIDA and SDC to fund its
urban and rural programmes. SIDA support
will continue for five years and SDC for three
years. In addition to that SIMAVI (DWA),
Unicef and P&G also provided grants for
other programmes with different time-frame.
The year 2011-12 was challenging for
Bangladesh CP for many practical reasons
including financial planning. Last year the
total expenditure was Tk. 382.2 million with a
burn rate of 82% against confirmed funding.
The year was encouraging in terms of
resource mobilisation, programme diversity
and influencing sector capacity and WaSH
policies of the government. The following
pages depict the various aspects of our
activities and achievements for 2011-12.
Dr Md Khairul Islam
Dhaka, May 2012
Our country programme
WaterAid has been operating in
Bangladesh since 1986 as one of
the lead actors in Water, Sanitation
and Hygiene (WaSH) sector and is
well experienced in innovating,
scaling up and managing large
scale projects targeting poor,
vulnerable and excluded. It has
been registered with NGO Affairs
Bureau since 1996.
The geographic focus of WaterAid
in Bangladesh includes urban
slums, hard-to-reach areas and
ecologically vulnerable zones such
as hill tract and hillocks, dry and
arid ‘barind’ tract, salinity-prone
coastal belt, haor and flood-prone
chars keeping an eye over the
climate change implications. We,
along with our partner NGOs, have
successfully developed and
implemented model approaches for
providing sustainable community managed
WaSH services and facilities for poor, extreme
poor and socially excluded people in
geographically and technically challenged
contexts of Bangladesh.
We continue to enhance sector stakeholders’
capacity for establishing systems in program
delivery and monitoring to facilitate pro-poor,
gender sensitive, cost effective, and
sustainable WaSH services. We facilitate
community people to demand their WaSH
rights, capacitate and sensitise Government
and other duty bearers to respond to the
peoples’ need, and advocate for the essential
role of WaSH in human development.
The country programme emphasises on
consolidation of the past programme
accomplishments, replication and scaling-up
successful models for sustainability. We aim
to address WaterAid’s objectives of ensuring
water and sanitation rights, hygiene
promotion, capacity development of sector
stakeholders, generation and dissemination
of critical knowledge, policy change and
institutional development. Currently we have
six programmes operational:
Rural WaSH programme emphasises to
facilitate a structural change in access to
WaSH services and rights of the poor people
of rural Bangladesh.
Urban WaSH programme aims to achieve
improvement in environmental health
conditions in slums and low-income
communities in targeted cities in Bangladesh.
Small Town programme aims at improving
WaSH rights for citizens living in small towns
through community led environmentally
sustainable actions. It also intends to
promote citizens’ voice in claiming WaSH
services and participation in hygiene
management.
Inclusion programme is based on the
principles of social justice that aims at
promoting WaSH equity and access for
socially excluded people like tea state
workers, sex workers, people with disability,
sweepers, transgender and ethnic minority.
Climate Change programme addresses
existing knowledge gap to promote
understanding of climate change impact on
public health, effective adaptation and
exploration of climate resilient technologies
in different hydro-ecological zones.
Influencing and Enabling programme focuses
on influencing policy changes and developing
institutional arrangements to meet national
WaSH goal and MDGs.
In addition, WaterAid partners with Unicef and facilitate SHEWA-B project implementation.
We facilitate capacity development of NGO partners, school authorities and local government
institutions in 8 districts covering 29 upazilas and 309 unions.
Our new
Country Strategy Plan
We have launched our new
Country Strategy Plan (CSP) last
year that covers the period April
2011 to March 2016. The key
features and shifts of the CSP
2011-2016 are:
» Aligning the country
programs in line with the
global strategic aims
» Systematic approach to
embrace RBA with the
partners
» Multiple theme based as
well as geographical
oriented programs
» Climate change in relation to
WaSH get prominence
» Equity and Inclusion remains
cross cutting as well as a
focused program
» Rural, urban, and small town
evolve as separate program
with distinct focus
» Thrust on Influencing
through policy advocacy
based on research
» Diversification of partnership
» Thrust on fundraising
The CSP of WaterAid in
Bangladesh has been aligned
with our Global Strategy and
hence its objectives contribute to
our global aims. The objectives
of Bangladesh CSP are:
Aim 1: We will promote and secure poor
people's rights and access to safe water,
improved hygiene and sanitation
Objective 1.1: Increased/improved WaSH
access for the poor, excluded, marginalised &
vulnerable people in sustainable and
equitable manner
Objective 1.2: Advanced WaSH entitlements
of the poor, marginalised, excluded and
vulnerable groups in equitable manner
Aim 2: We will support governments and
service providers in developing their capacity
to deliver safe water, improved hygiene and
sanitation in human development
Objective 2.1: Enhanced organisational
accountability and capacity of the LGIs and
service providers for effective WaSH services
Objective 2.2: Improved sector governance
including allocation and utilisation of
resources by local and national institutions
Aim 3: We will advocate for the essential role
of safe water, improved hygiene and
sanitation in human development
Objective 3.1: Strengthened operational
linkages within the sector and also with other
sectors in order to accelerate WaSH progress
Objective 3.2: Influenced government, donors
and private sector for integration of WaSH in
their development policy, priority and
business plan
Aim 4: We will develop as an effective global
organisation recognised as a leader in our
field and for living our values
Objective 1: Improve organisational capacity
and performance to gain further recognition
as one of the WaSH leaders in Bangladesh
The complete CSP is available to download
from www.wateraid.org/bangladesh
WaterAid/ ASM Shafiqur Rahman
Our aims and achievements
Aim 1: We will promote and secure poor
people's rights and access to safe water,
improved hygiene and sanitation
Last year we made significant progress in
promoting access of the underprivileged
communities to improved WaSH services. We
provided access to safe water to 0.14 million
people, improved sanitation to 0.73 million
people and improved hygiene to 0.37 million
people. Over 47 percent users of WaterAid
services were women. About one-fourth of
people having access to safe water and one-
fifth of people having access to improved
sanitation in this period were extreme poor.
Low cost hand washing devices have widely
been promoted in the last year. Partners
came up with innovative ideas through using
indigenous technologies and supplied
devices mainly at household level. A total of
28,811 people from 6,573 HHs have
adapted 3,558 hand-washing devices which
reinforced their hand washing practice. Also
we reached out to 608 schools with WaSH
services, out of which the 207 schools are
covered by SHEWA-B project.
WaterAid/ ASM Shafiqur Rahman
Also we have developed 29,534 household-
based solid waste management systems and
9,777 waste water management systems
and piloted two decentralised wastewater
treatment plants.
A handbook on RBA to WaSH was in place to
build partner’s capacity to work with it and
partners of Small Town and Rural WaSH
program had been oriented and have
initiated the participatory open budget
process at Pourashava/Union Parishod level.
Two municipalities have conducted pre-
budget consultation meetings with the
citizens at Ward level for the first time. People,
especially women as well as children
participated in those consultation meetings
raised their demands for safe drinking water,
adequate drainage system and public toilets.
In past one year we groomed 3,726 CBOs,
supported them to be actively involved in
negotiation WaSH rights with service
providers at local level. Two-third of the CBO
members have participated in planning and
decision-making process regularly. The
members were also equipped to take lead on
monitoring water safety plan, safe sanitation,
and hygiene practice at their locality.
During the past one year, a number of
training had been conducted at community,
CBO and Upazila level attended by 18,193
participants, mostly on contemporary WaSH
issues, skill development and WaSH rights.
Global hand washing day were celebrated all
over the working areas of WaterAid in
Bangladesh with great enthusiasm. National
sanitation month was also observed where
people’s representatives, government
officials, local influential attended in colourful
rallies and discussions to create mass
awareness on environmental sanitation and
hygiene.
WaterAid developed two radio spots
highlighting WSP messages to reach
nationwide rural population. These spots
aired in Bangladesh Betar (radio) regional
transmission centre at Rajshahi and Sylhet
played vital role in increasing awareness of
people and motivating them to practice safe
water handling and improved hygiene
behaviour.
WaterAid successfully piloted a rural pipe
water system using solar energy for the
cyclone aila affected community. The
technology is simple yet very effective to
serve 385 displaced households living on the
embankment for over two years.
Aim 2: We will support governments and
service providers in developing their capacity
to deliver safe water, improved hygiene and
sanitation in human development
Lobbying is going on with 94 LGIs to allow
poor people voice their rights and participate
in LGI systems and processes. Two planning
workshops have been organised with mayor,
councillors and staff of Pourashava including
project staff on implementation strategies
under Small Town programme. Councillors of
three wards of Khulna City Corporation
extended their support in solid waste
management to the slum dwellers and low
income communities.
Like Dhaka WASA, ministry of LGRD&C has
agreed to give MoU signing authority to
Chittagong WASA with WaterAid partners.
WaterAid and its partners are now in a
position to provide water and sanitation
facilities in the name of CBO’s to slum
dwellers in Chittagong. Point to be noted that
Dhaka WASA has been providing water line
on CBO’s name in the slums since 2007.
Fulbaira Municipality prepared a plan of
actions to achieve universal sanitation
coverage through organising a sanitation
planning workshop. Shakhipur Municipality
developed its yearly plan for FY 2011-2012
using skills gained from planning workshop
conducted by WaterAid and its partners.
Counsellors of these two municipalities made
a cross-learning visit to a model municipality
where participatory development process has
been a success.
In one Pourashava Conservancy Monitoring
Team organised a mass gathering to ensure
food hygiene at markets, residential hotels
and restaurants. They have been doing their
monitoring job at regular interval to promote
food hygiene, use of safe water and waste
disposal system.
In collaboration with Centre for Science and
environment (CSE) India two training took
place on urban rainwater harvesting and
decentralised waste water treatment with an
objective to transfer the technical know-how
among the sector professionals and to create
evidence for broader policy advocacy. Four
demonstration plants on rainwater harvesting
have been established at VERC, BUET, IUB
and PWD to create evidence and influence
policy makers on urban rainwater harvesting
system.
‘RAiN Forum’, a network supported by
WaterAid has been nationally launched in the
reporting period. The official lunching
programme was live telecasted in a private
TV channel, and participated by
representatives from GO, NGOs, civil society
and the academia.
To enhance accountability of DCC in
managing public toilets, a number of
activities were initiated under the umbrella
campaigns entitled “Making public toilets
work.” The campaigns included: print and
electronic media mobilisation, roundtable
discussion with DCC zonal executives and
bilateral discussion with policy makers. Over
time, these efforts resulted in a decision
made by the government to set up 96 public
toilets in Dhaka city. The Local Government
Division Secretary has approved this plan.
WaterAid in Bangladesh is actively involved in
the review process of key documents to be
finalised by the government. Last year we
contributed to the development/revision of a
few National documents including National
strategy for reaching the hard to reach areas,
National Hygiene Promotion Strategy for
water supply and sanitation and Disability
rights law 2011(review).
To influence government, donors and private
sector for pro-poor WaSH policy and priority,
number of policies have been reviewed and
alternative comments placed. Some of the
policies are: draft Bangladesh Water Act
2012 which included section on preserving
Khash pond for safe drinking water, urban
sector policy, follow-up of BanglaSan
declaration etc.
As a means to improve the sector governance
for pro-poor allocation and utilisation, a study
conducted and disseminated for necessary
policy changes. As an immediate result, Local
Government Division issued a circular to
double the sanitation subsidy considering
special need of PWDs, extreme poor and
female-headed household at rural areas.
A workshop on effective performance
monitoring of sanitation and hygiene in South
Asia was organised by Policy Support Unit of
the ministry of LGRD&C on 11 March 2012
at Hotel Pan Pacific Sonargaon, Dhaka. The
country representative of WaterAid in
Bangladesh facilitated the workshop. A
discussion paper outlineing a monitoring
framework for sanitation and hygiene had
been presented in the workshop at the
request of ICWG of the SACOSAN.
With the technical support from Human
Development Research Centre (HDRC),
WaterAid in Bangladesh has initiated a study
on national WaSH budget. The study would
do a comprehensive analysis of national
budget allocation and spending on WaSH
sector over the past five fiscal years. We hope
to use this study as the key document for
budget advocacy in the coming year.
Aim 3: We will advocate for the essential role
of safe water, improved hygiene and
sanitation in human development
During the reporting period, Bill and Melinda
Gates Foundation awarded two research
projects to WaterAid entitled “Bolstering
demand for improved sanitation when
adoption decision across households are
Inter-linked” and “Landscape analysis and
business model assessment in faecal sludge
management: extraction and transportation
models in Africa and Asia.”
Seventeen members All Party Parliamentary
Group (APPG) on WaSH has been launched to
take forward WaSH policies and priorities in
the parliament. The group has been
sensitised and oriented on WaSH sector
analysis and future WaSH challenges.
However, it is uncertain what will happen to
the group once the present parliament is
dissolved in December 2013.
UK Minister for international development Mr
Stephen O’Brien visited Aanantopur village of
Chatra union under Pirganj Upazilla of
Rangpur district on 17 November 2011. The
visit was intended to develop an
understanding of CLTS approach and the way
it has been working to attain sanitation
coverage and how this has been used by
WaterAid and its partners to improve the life
of poor people in rural Bangladesh.
In May 2011, a delegation from Themes
Water visited Shakhipur, Fulbaria and some
urban slums in Khulna to see how WaterAid’s
projects had help communities of those
areas. A team of Unilever led by its chairman
visited Shyamnagar of Stakhira district. A
group from UK visited Koira of Khulna district.
The visit was quite successful and as
consequence WaterAid was awarded the Big
Lottery fund for Koira project.
WaterAid in Bangladesh organised a press
briefing “State of financing in water sanitation
and hygiene.” In this program WaterAid’s
recent report “Off-track, off-target: why
investment in water, sanitation and hygiene is
not reaching those who need it most?” has
been launched. Published worldwide, the
report portrays the inadequateness of fund in
WaSH sector, uneven and unjust distribution
of the same and called government and
donors to raise allocation and prioritise
disadvantaged communities.
A regional WaSH media group has been
established with facilitation of WaterAid
regional team and active participation of
Bangladesh team. The forum has further
strengthened for next year with enhancement
of forums online platform, publishing media
scrapbook on this years' selected
publications and enrolling new media friends
in the forum. Bangladesh played an active
role in this process and will host 2nd Regional
Media Forum meeting in March 2013.
WaterAid has started advocacy on draft
National Urban Health Policy by engaging
other stakeholders like DFID and ADB; and
started supporting the efforts through
facilitating different consultation workshops
in the divisional cities. Two such workshops
have already been held in June last. WaterAid
has been engaged in preparing a publication
titled “Bangladesh: an innovator in health”
with a team consisting of members from
ICDDR,B, University of Dhaka, Columbia
University, NIPORT for writing a book chapter
on equity for the Lancet.
WaterAid in Bangladesh was invited by the
government of Bangladesh to take part with a
high level government delegation comprising
of the Parliamentary Standing Committee
Members on Ministry of Health to visit
Thailand and India and learn about different
health and related initiatives in those
countries. The invitation was awarded as
recognition of WaterAid’s contribution and
lead role in WaSH sector with an intention to
let WaterAid advice government on national
health policy and programmes including
institutional development.
Aim 4: We will develop as an effective global
organisation recognised as a leader in our
field and for living our values
WaterAid has conducted a study on the users
of water and sanitation services provided by
WaterAid throughout the country as part of
annual post-intervention monitoring and
follow-up. The study was initiated in April,
fieldwork was carried out in May and a
preliminary report completed in July 2011.
WaterAid in Bangladesh prioritised ‘Equity
and Inclusion’ and promoted the principles in
the broader development sector during the
last year. We have arranged meetings, shared
ideas, promoted concept of E&I with other
organisations including ADD, Handicap
international, B-SCAN, Brac, ICDDR-B, Save
the Children etc. We arranged roundtable
discussions, workshops, meetings with
national organisations, newspapers to
promote the ideas of E&I.
We put a lot of energy into in-country
fundraising in this year, and secured a grant
of Tk 855.12 million for 23 projects from
SIDA, SDC, SIMAVI (DWA), Unicef and P&G. In
November 2011 we signed an agreement
with SIDA to assist the urban poor of three
major cities in Bangladesh for five years in
attaining their WaSH rights. In the same
month we signed another grant agreement
with SDC for 3 years. The support will mainly
fund Rural WaSH programme of WaterAid in
Bangladesh. The grant has been partially
supporting the Climate Change and Inclusion
programme of the CP.
We contributed in development process of
National MIS on WaSH. We helped
Bangladesh Wash Alliance (BWA) to
compilation of baseline WaSH information of
Khulna and Barisal divisions that was
appreciated by PME group of Dutch WASH
Alliance for data quality.
Our partners
The partnership of WaterAid in Bangladesh
has been shifting gradually to diverse
approach and speciality. One of the major
highlights in partnership strategy is to explore
new strategic partnerships beyond
programme implementation in order to add
more values in secondary and tertiary level
influence. Apart from implementation
partnership, strategic partnership with
research, academic and other development
organisations including local governments
has been initiated.
Implementing partners
All Party Parliamentary Group (APPG);
Association for Realisation of Basic Needs
(ARBAN); Bangladesh Association for Social
Advancement (BASA); Brac Development
Institute (BDI); Centre for Science and
Environment (CSE), India; Dhaka Ahsania
Mission (DAM); Dushtha Shasthya Kendra
(DSK); Green Hill; Institute of Development
Affairs (IDEA); Mahideb Jubo Somaj Kallayan
Somity (MJSKS); Nabolok; NGO Forum;
Population Services and Training Center
(PSTC); Practical Action; Rangpur Dinajpur
Rural Service (RDRS); Rupantar; SHARAN;
Shushilan; Solidarity; Unnayan Shahojogy
Team (UST); Village Education Resource
Center (VERC); Voluntary Association for Rural
Development (VARD); ZIBIKA;
Strategic partners
Department of Public Health Engineering
(DPHE); Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage
Authority (DWASA); Dhaka City Corporation
(DCC); Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakha;
Chittagong Water Supply and Sewerage
Authority (CWASA); Chittagong City
Corporation (CCC); Public Works Department
(PWD); Local Government Division (LGD);
Bangladesh University of Engineering &
Technology (BUET); Institute of Engineers,
Bangladesh (IEB); Bangladesh Institute of
Planners (BIP); Centre for Urban Studies
(CUS); Human Development Research Centre
(HDRC), Department of Law, Dhaka University;
Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD); Bangladesh
Poribesh Andolon (BAPA); Bangladesh
Environment Network (BEN); SUPRA; ARCAB;
CARE;
Private sectors
Real State Housing Association Bangladesh
(REHAB); Robi Axiata Ltd;
Networks
FANSA; WSSCC; EWP; Horizontal Learning
Programme; BanglaSan;
Supporters
Commonwealth of Australia; World Health
Organization; The United Nations Children's
Fund (UNICEF); GTF; PSU-Government of
Bangladesh; Save the Children Finland; Bill &
Melinda Gates Foundation; Innovations for
Poverty Action (IPA); The Embassy of
Switzerland; Swiss Agency for Development
and Cooperation (SDC); The Swedish
International Development Cooperation
Agency (SIDA); SIMAVI; Procter & Gamble
International Operations Pte Ltd (PGIO);
Thames Water; Unilever PLC; H&M; The Stone
Family Foundation; Michael Herbert; WaterAid
Sweden
Water
33%
Sanitation
28%
Hygiene
26%
Org.
Effectiveness
13%
Sector wise expenditure ratio
for the year 11-12
Our financing
During the reporting year, total
expenditure of WaterAid in
Bangladesh was Tk. 382.2
million. The overall burn rate in
2011-12 was 82% against
confirmed funding.
If we take a sector wise view, our
major expenditure has been in
water. Sanitation and hygiene comes next and we have spent on 13 percent of our resources for
organisational effectiveness which includes salaries and management costs.
Audited report
Recommended