Warm-up 4/22/15 Take out your Study Guides!! Review for 10 minutes Target TEST TIME! 1

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Warm-up 4/22/15

Take out your Study Guides!!

Review for 10 minutes

Target TEST TIME!

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Diagram 1

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THE SOLAR SYSTEM

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Origin of the Solar System

• Our solar system formed 4.6 billion years ago.

• Would you believe me if I told you it formed from a large cloud of dust and gas? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uhy1fucSRQI

The Nebular Theory

• Nebular Theory- solar system formed from a rotating cloud of dust and gas.

• Solar nebula- a large, thin cloud of dust and gas.– Formed from material

expelled by previous stars.

The Nebular Theory

• (A):– Nebula began with

slight rotation…– As the cloud

contracted, it began to spin faster…

– More gravitational attraction between particles (dust)…

– Nebula shrinks, accelerating the process.

The Nebular Theory• (B):

– Solar nebula rotates faster…

– Begins to flatten out…

– Over 100,000 yrs a protoplanetary disk formed (looks like a giant fried egg)…

– The disk was densest in the center and thinner toward the edges.

The Nebular Theory

• (C):– About 99.9 % of

the mass became concentrated at the center (egg yolk)…

– This became our sun.

• At this time our sun was a few million degrees!

The Nebular Theory

• (D):– Dust grains are

colliding…– Weak forces hold

them together…– Forming loose balls

of dust…– As these balls of

dust collided they grew larger…

– …formed planetesimals.

The Nebular Theory

• (D): – Planetesimals

(asteroid like bodies that eventually combined to form planets) grew by accretion (process of adding mass by colliding with other planetesimals)…

Protoplanets

• Once they grew large enough they had a gravitational force…

• Attracted more material…

• Became larger…• Now protoplanets…

• Protoplanets formed current planets in a series of violent collisions.

E.Terrestrial Planets• Terrestrial planets- Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.– Small, and rocky

planets.

• Why aren’t they as large as the gas giants?– Answer- it was too

hot near the sun, and much of the material couldn’t condense…

– …not until it got farther from the sun.

E. Gas/Ice Giants• Ice forming materials (water, ammonia, methane, etc.)

condensed farther away from the sun (it’s colder) • As these planets grew, gravity increased, and these

planets captured Hydrogen (H) and Helium (He) from space…grew even larger!!

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• How many planets do we have in our Solar System?

• List them.

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Can you come up with saying to help you remember the order??

Warm-up 4/24/15

1. Describe the Nebular Theory and how our Solar System was formed.

2. List the 8 planets that make up our Solar System.

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Bellwork 4/27/15

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On Your Desk:1.PRIDE Card2.I.N. 3.Pen/Pencil1. Which planet is the largest in size?

Jupiter is the largest planet.2. Which planet is the smallest in size?Mercury is the smallest planet.3. List the rocky planets.Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are the 4 rocky planets.

Planet Brochure

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Warm-up 4/28/15• 1. How many planets away from the SUN

is your planet (or object in the solar system)?

• 2. How many planets away from the EARTH is your planet (or object in the solar system)?

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On Your Desk:1.PRIDE Card2.I.N. 3.Pen/Pencil

Planet Brochure

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Day 1: Research*Cite your sources

Day 2: Rough Draft

Day 3/4: Final Draft

**Due Thursday!!!

Warm-up 4/29/15• 1. List two amazing things

you learned about your planet!!

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On Your Desk:1.PRIDE Card2.I.N. 3.Pen/Pencil4.Rough Draft

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Use Chapter 4: Section 5 to discover the

differences!-Create “Flip” Cards for each vocabulary

term

Measurements• Light Year: distance that light travels in a year

– Used for measurements within our galaxy– 5.88 trillion miles in a year

• 1 light year equals 63,000 AU

• AU: Astronomical Unit– Used for measurements within our solar system– Distance from Earth to Sun

• 1 AU equals 93,000,000 miles

Inner solar system…• Consists of:

– Sun– Mercury– Venus– Earth

• Moon

– Mars– Asteroid

belt• Ceres

– Other debris

• Asteroids

Sun• Contains

99.8% of all the mass of the solar system

• Only star in our solar system

• 865,000 miles in diameter

Mercury• Closest planet to

the sun• The smallest of

the 8 planets• 2nd hottest planet• Very rocky… like

Earth• No stable

atmosphere

Venus• 2nd closest planet to

the sun• Hottest planet

– Reach 860 degrees Fahrenheit

• Dense atmosphere– Mainly Carbon

Dioxide– Greenhouse effect

• Why its so hot!

• Sister planet

Mars• 4th planet from

the sun– After Earth

• Atmosphere mainly Carbon Dioxide

• Polar ice caps– Frozen water

• Used to have liquid water in the past

Asteroid belt

• Rocks that never clumped together to form a planet

• Proto-planet– Ceres

• Can sometimes make way into inner solar system

Gaspra- Asteroid found in the Asteroid belt (1991)

Outer solar system…• Consists of:

– Jupiter– Saturn– Uranus– Neptune– Kuiper belt

• Pluto

– Scattered disc

• Eris

Jupiter• Largest planet in

solar system• Mainly Hydrogen

and Helium– Enough gravity to

hold onto these light elements

• Not rocky… Gas giant

• Has 63 moons… 47 of which are named

Saturn• 2nd largest planet• Known for its rings debris orbiting the planet• Very similar to Jupiter• One of its moons, Titan, is larger than Mercury… and is

the only moon to possess an atmosphere

Is Saturn large?

Voyager image of Saturn’s rings

Uranus• 7th planet from

the sun• Completely tilted

on its axis– 97.77 degrees

• Winds can reach up to 560 mph

• Many poisonous gases in the atmosphere

Neptune• Farthest planet

from the sun• Fastest winds

in the solar system– 1300 mph

• Methane atmosphere

• Dark spots are huge hurricanes

Kuiper belt• This is where

Pluto is found

• Similar to the asteroid belt– Contains

debris that didn’t become part of a planet

Largest objects found in the Kuiper belt

Put it all together…Mercury-Venus-Earth-Mars-Asteroid belt-Jupiter-Saturn-Uranus-Neptune-Kuiper belt (Pluto)-Scattered disc (Eris)

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Warm-up 4/17/13• How many moons does Venus have?

0!

• How many moons does Saturn have?

60!

• Why such a great difference?

Larger planets have a greater gravitational force.

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