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Warm-up 4/22/15
Take out your Study Guides!!
Review for 10 minutes
Target TEST TIME!
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Diagram 1
Diagram 2
Diagram 3
Diagram 4
Diagram 5
Diagram 6
Diagram 7
Diagram 8
AA
BB
CC
DD
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THE SOLAR SYSTEM
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Origin of the Solar System
• Our solar system formed 4.6 billion years ago.
• Would you believe me if I told you it formed from a large cloud of dust and gas? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uhy1fucSRQI
The Nebular Theory
• Nebular Theory- solar system formed from a rotating cloud of dust and gas.
• Solar nebula- a large, thin cloud of dust and gas.– Formed from material
expelled by previous stars.
The Nebular Theory
• (A):– Nebula began with
slight rotation…– As the cloud
contracted, it began to spin faster…
– More gravitational attraction between particles (dust)…
– Nebula shrinks, accelerating the process.
The Nebular Theory• (B):
– Solar nebula rotates faster…
– Begins to flatten out…
– Over 100,000 yrs a protoplanetary disk formed (looks like a giant fried egg)…
– The disk was densest in the center and thinner toward the edges.
The Nebular Theory
• (C):– About 99.9 % of
the mass became concentrated at the center (egg yolk)…
– This became our sun.
• At this time our sun was a few million degrees!
The Nebular Theory
• (D):– Dust grains are
colliding…– Weak forces hold
them together…– Forming loose balls
of dust…– As these balls of
dust collided they grew larger…
– …formed planetesimals.
The Nebular Theory
• (D): – Planetesimals
(asteroid like bodies that eventually combined to form planets) grew by accretion (process of adding mass by colliding with other planetesimals)…
Protoplanets
• Once they grew large enough they had a gravitational force…
• Attracted more material…
• Became larger…• Now protoplanets…
• Protoplanets formed current planets in a series of violent collisions.
E.Terrestrial Planets• Terrestrial planets- Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.– Small, and rocky
planets.
• Why aren’t they as large as the gas giants?– Answer- it was too
hot near the sun, and much of the material couldn’t condense…
– …not until it got farther from the sun.
E. Gas/Ice Giants• Ice forming materials (water, ammonia, methane, etc.)
condensed farther away from the sun (it’s colder) • As these planets grew, gravity increased, and these
planets captured Hydrogen (H) and Helium (He) from space…grew even larger!!
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• How many planets do we have in our Solar System?
• List them.
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Can you come up with saying to help you remember the order??
Warm-up 4/24/15
1. Describe the Nebular Theory and how our Solar System was formed.
2. List the 8 planets that make up our Solar System.
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Bellwork 4/27/15
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On Your Desk:1.PRIDE Card2.I.N. 3.Pen/Pencil1. Which planet is the largest in size?
Jupiter is the largest planet.2. Which planet is the smallest in size?Mercury is the smallest planet.3. List the rocky planets.Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are the 4 rocky planets.
Planet Brochure
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Warm-up 4/28/15• 1. How many planets away from the SUN
is your planet (or object in the solar system)?
• 2. How many planets away from the EARTH is your planet (or object in the solar system)?
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On Your Desk:1.PRIDE Card2.I.N. 3.Pen/Pencil
Planet Brochure
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Day 1: Research*Cite your sources
Day 2: Rough Draft
Day 3/4: Final Draft
**Due Thursday!!!
Warm-up 4/29/15• 1. List two amazing things
you learned about your planet!!
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On Your Desk:1.PRIDE Card2.I.N. 3.Pen/Pencil4.Rough Draft
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SONGS!!!
Planets Around a Star:http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?v=nQfJ7j2UGGk
Planets Song: http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?v=GH61v4_eVNA
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Use Chapter 4: Section 5 to discover the
differences!-Create “Flip” Cards for each vocabulary
term
Measurements• Light Year: distance that light travels in a year
– Used for measurements within our galaxy– 5.88 trillion miles in a year
• 1 light year equals 63,000 AU
• AU: Astronomical Unit– Used for measurements within our solar system– Distance from Earth to Sun
• 1 AU equals 93,000,000 miles
Inner solar system…• Consists of:
– Sun– Mercury– Venus– Earth
• Moon
– Mars– Asteroid
belt• Ceres
– Other debris
• Asteroids
Sun• Contains
99.8% of all the mass of the solar system
• Only star in our solar system
• 865,000 miles in diameter
Mercury• Closest planet to
the sun• The smallest of
the 8 planets• 2nd hottest planet• Very rocky… like
Earth• No stable
atmosphere
View from Mariner 10 (1974) of Mercury
View from Messenger (2008) of Mercury
Venus• 2nd closest planet to
the sun• Hottest planet
– Reach 860 degrees Fahrenheit
• Dense atmosphere– Mainly Carbon
Dioxide– Greenhouse effect
• Why its so hot!
• Sister planet
Mars• 4th planet from
the sun– After Earth
• Atmosphere mainly Carbon Dioxide
• Polar ice caps– Frozen water
• Used to have liquid water in the past
Olympus Mons is the largest mountain in the solar system
Asteroid belt
• Rocks that never clumped together to form a planet
• Proto-planet– Ceres
• Can sometimes make way into inner solar system
Gaspra- Asteroid found in the Asteroid belt (1991)
Outer solar system…• Consists of:
– Jupiter– Saturn– Uranus– Neptune– Kuiper belt
• Pluto
– Scattered disc
• Eris
Jupiter• Largest planet in
solar system• Mainly Hydrogen
and Helium– Enough gravity to
hold onto these light elements
• Not rocky… Gas giant
• Has 63 moons… 47 of which are named
Is Jupiter large?
Hurricane the size of Earth
Saturn• 2nd largest planet• Known for its rings debris orbiting the planet• Very similar to Jupiter• One of its moons, Titan, is larger than Mercury… and is
the only moon to possess an atmosphere
Is Saturn large?
Voyager image of Saturn’s rings
Uranus• 7th planet from
the sun• Completely tilted
on its axis– 97.77 degrees
• Winds can reach up to 560 mph
• Many poisonous gases in the atmosphere
Neptune• Farthest planet
from the sun• Fastest winds
in the solar system– 1300 mph
• Methane atmosphere
• Dark spots are huge hurricanes
Kuiper belt• This is where
Pluto is found
• Similar to the asteroid belt– Contains
debris that didn’t become part of a planet
Largest objects found in the Kuiper belt
Put it all together…Mercury-Venus-Earth-Mars-Asteroid belt-Jupiter-Saturn-Uranus-Neptune-Kuiper belt (Pluto)-Scattered disc (Eris)
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Warm-up 4/17/13• How many moons does Venus have?
0!
• How many moons does Saturn have?
60!
• Why such a great difference?
Larger planets have a greater gravitational force.
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