Volume is the amount of three dimensional space an object occupies. Mass is a measure of the amount...

• Volume is the amount of three dimensional space an object occupies.

• Mass is a measure of the amount of matter.

• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

Matter

Section 2 Matter and Its PropertiesChapter 1

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Visual Concept

Chapter 1

Matter

Section 2 Matter and Its Properties

Basic Building Blocks of Matter• An atom is the smallest unit of an element that

maintains the chemical identity of that element.

• An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom.

• A compound is a substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances. Each compound is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded.

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Chapter 1

Element

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Molecule

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Compounds

Physical Properties and Physical Changes

• A physical property is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance.

• melting point and boiling point

• A physical change is a change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance.

• grinding, cutting, melting, and boiling

Physical Properties and Physical Changes, continued• A change of state is a physical change of a

substance from one state to another.

• states of matter—solid state, liquid state, gas state, plasma

• In the solid state, matter has definite volume and definite shape.

• In the liquid state, matter has a definite volume but an indefinite shape.

• In the gas state, matter has neither definite volume nor definite shape.

• Plasma is a high-temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons, particles that make up atoms.

Physical Properties and Physical Changes, continued

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Liquid

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Visual Concept

Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes

• A chemical property relates to a substance’s ability

to undergo changes that transform it into different

substances

• A change in which one or more substances are

converted into different substances is called a

chemical change or chemical reaction.

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Chemical Reaction

Visual Concept

Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes, continued

• The products are the substances that are formed by

the chemical change.

reactants product

• The reactants are the substances that react in a

chemical change.

Carbon plus oxygen yields (or forms) carbon dioxide.

carbon + oxygen carbon dioxide

Evidence of a Chemical Change

Energy and Changes in Matter• Energy is always involved when physical or chemical

changes occur.

• Energy can be in various forms.• heat • light

• Energy can be absorbed or released in a change, it is

not destroyed or created.• law of conservation of energy

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Chapter 1

Classification Scheme for Matter

Classification of Matter

• A mixture is a blend of two or more kinds of matter,

each of which retains its own identity and properties. • mixed together physically• can usually be separated

• Homogeneous mixtures are called solutions • uniform in composition (salt-water solution)

• Heterogeneous mixtures• not uniform throughout (clay-water mixture)

Pure Substances

• A pure substance has a fixed composition.

• Pure substances are either compounds or elements.

• A pure substance differs from a mixture in the following ways:

• Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same characteristic properties.

• Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same composition.

• Water is always 11.2% hydrogen and 88.8% oxygen by mass.

Volume is the amount of three dimensional space an object occupies. Mass is a measure of the amount...

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