Vocabulary Review Ch 46 – Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

Vocabulary Vocabulary ReviewReview

Ch 46 – Ch 46 – Circulatory and Circulatory and

Respiratory Respiratory SystemsSystems

A collection of organs that

transport blood throughout the

body; the organs in this system include

the heart, the arteries, and the

veinsCardiovascular system

A collection of organs whose primary

function is to collect extracellular fluid and return it to the blood;

the organs in this system include the

lymph nodes and the lymphatic vessels

Lymphatic system

A chamber that receives blood

that is retuning to the heart

Atrium

One of the two large muscular chambers that

pump blood out of the heart

Ventricle

A fold of membranes that controls the flow

of a fluid

Valve

The main artery in the body; it carries blood from the left

ventricle to systemic

circulation

Aorta

A mass of cardiac muscle cells that lies at the junction of the superior vena cava

with the right atrium and that initiates and regulates contraction

of the heartSinoatrial node

A mass of specialized cardiac muscle that is located between the

right atrium and right ventricle and that

generates electrical impulses that cause the ventricles of the

heart to contractAtrioventricular node

The rhythmic pressure of the

blood against the walls of a vessel, particularly an

artery

Pulse

A blood vessel that carries blood

away from the heart to the

body’s organs

Artery

The force that blood exerts on the walls of the

arteries

Blood pressure

A condition of high blood pressure

Hypertension

A tiny blood vessel that allows an

exchange between blood and cells in

tissue

Capillary

In animals, a vessel that carries blood to the heart

Vein

The flow of blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs and back to the left atrium of the heart

through the network of pulmonary arteries,

capillaries, and veinsPulmonary circulation

The movement of blood from the

heart to all parts of the body and

back to the heart

Systemic circulation

A disease characterized by

the buildup of fatty materials on the interior walls

of the arteries

Atherosclerosis

The fluid that is collected by the

lymphatic vessels and nodes

Lymph

In biology, the liquid component

of blood

Plasma

A disc-shaped cell that has no nucleus,

that contains hemoglobin, and that transports oxygen in the

circulatory system

Red blood cell (erythrocyte)

The oxygen-carrying protein in

red blood cells

Hemoglobin

A type of cell in the blood that

destroys bacteria, viruses, and toxic proteins and helps the body develop

immunitiesWhite blood

cell (leukocyte)

A cell that ingests and destroys

(digests) foreign matter or

microorganisms

Phagocyte

A protein that reacts to a specific

antigen or that inactivates or

destroys toxins

Antibody

A fragment of a cell that is needed to form blood clots

Platelet

A protein that forms a network of fibers during blood

clotting

Fibrin

A classification of blood that

depends on the type of antigen present on the

surface of the red blood cell

Blood type

A substance that stimulates an

immune response

Antigen

One of several blood-group

antigens carried on the surface of red blood cells

Rh factor

A collection of organs whose primary function is

to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide; the

organs of this system include the lungs, the

throat, and the passageways that lead to

the lungs

Respiratory system

The exchange of gases between the

atmosphere and the lungs

External respiration

The exchange of gases between the blood and the cells

of the body

Internal respiration

The central organ of the respiratory system in which

oxygen from the air is exchanged with

carbon dioxide from the blood

Lung

In animals with a digestive tract,

the passage from the mouth to the

larynx and esophagus

Pharynx

A structure that hangs at the entrance of the larynx and prevents

food from entering the larynx and the trachea

while swallowing

Epiglottis

In vertebrates, the tube that connects the larynx to the

lungs

Trachea

The area of the throat that

contains the vocal cords and

produces vocal sounds

Larynx

One of the two tubes that connect the lungs with the

trachea

Bronchus

A small air passage that

branches from the bronchi within the

lungs

Bronchiole

Any of the tiny air cells of the lungs

where oxygen and carbon dioxide are

exchanged

Alveolus

The process of taking air from the

outside of the body into the

lungs

Inspiration

A dome-shaped muscle that is

attached to the lower ribs and that

functions as the main muscle in

respiration

Diaphragm

The process in which air is forced

out of the lungs

Expiration