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Vocabulary Vocabulary ReviewReview
Ch 46 – Ch 46 – Circulatory and Circulatory and
Respiratory Respiratory SystemsSystems
A collection of organs that
transport blood throughout the
body; the organs in this system include
the heart, the arteries, and the
veinsCardiovascular system
A collection of organs whose primary
function is to collect extracellular fluid and return it to the blood;
the organs in this system include the
lymph nodes and the lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic system
A chamber that receives blood
that is retuning to the heart
Atrium
One of the two large muscular chambers that
pump blood out of the heart
Ventricle
A fold of membranes that controls the flow
of a fluid
Valve
The main artery in the body; it carries blood from the left
ventricle to systemic
circulation
Aorta
A mass of cardiac muscle cells that lies at the junction of the superior vena cava
with the right atrium and that initiates and regulates contraction
of the heartSinoatrial node
A mass of specialized cardiac muscle that is located between the
right atrium and right ventricle and that
generates electrical impulses that cause the ventricles of the
heart to contractAtrioventricular node
The rhythmic pressure of the
blood against the walls of a vessel, particularly an
artery
Pulse
A blood vessel that carries blood
away from the heart to the
body’s organs
Artery
The force that blood exerts on the walls of the
arteries
Blood pressure
A condition of high blood pressure
Hypertension
A tiny blood vessel that allows an
exchange between blood and cells in
tissue
Capillary
In animals, a vessel that carries blood to the heart
Vein
The flow of blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs and back to the left atrium of the heart
through the network of pulmonary arteries,
capillaries, and veinsPulmonary circulation
The movement of blood from the
heart to all parts of the body and
back to the heart
Systemic circulation
A disease characterized by
the buildup of fatty materials on the interior walls
of the arteries
Atherosclerosis
The fluid that is collected by the
lymphatic vessels and nodes
Lymph
In biology, the liquid component
of blood
Plasma
A disc-shaped cell that has no nucleus,
that contains hemoglobin, and that transports oxygen in the
circulatory system
Red blood cell (erythrocyte)
The oxygen-carrying protein in
red blood cells
Hemoglobin
A type of cell in the blood that
destroys bacteria, viruses, and toxic proteins and helps the body develop
immunitiesWhite blood
cell (leukocyte)
A cell that ingests and destroys
(digests) foreign matter or
microorganisms
Phagocyte
A protein that reacts to a specific
antigen or that inactivates or
destroys toxins
Antibody
A fragment of a cell that is needed to form blood clots
Platelet
A protein that forms a network of fibers during blood
clotting
Fibrin
A classification of blood that
depends on the type of antigen present on the
surface of the red blood cell
Blood type
A substance that stimulates an
immune response
Antigen
One of several blood-group
antigens carried on the surface of red blood cells
Rh factor
A collection of organs whose primary function is
to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide; the
organs of this system include the lungs, the
throat, and the passageways that lead to
the lungs
Respiratory system
The exchange of gases between the
atmosphere and the lungs
External respiration
The exchange of gases between the blood and the cells
of the body
Internal respiration
The central organ of the respiratory system in which
oxygen from the air is exchanged with
carbon dioxide from the blood
Lung
In animals with a digestive tract,
the passage from the mouth to the
larynx and esophagus
Pharynx
A structure that hangs at the entrance of the larynx and prevents
food from entering the larynx and the trachea
while swallowing
Epiglottis
In vertebrates, the tube that connects the larynx to the
lungs
Trachea
The area of the throat that
contains the vocal cords and
produces vocal sounds
Larynx
One of the two tubes that connect the lungs with the
trachea
Bronchus
A small air passage that
branches from the bronchi within the
lungs
Bronchiole
Any of the tiny air cells of the lungs
where oxygen and carbon dioxide are
exchanged
Alveolus
The process of taking air from the
outside of the body into the
lungs
Inspiration
A dome-shaped muscle that is
attached to the lower ribs and that
functions as the main muscle in
respiration
Diaphragm
The process in which air is forced
out of the lungs
Expiration