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Visible Light Video SequencesVisible Light Video Sequences
Juergen Thiem, Jan RoriveSony Business
Emmanuel CordonnierETIAM
Juergen Thiem, Jan RoriveSony Business
Emmanuel CordonnierETIAM
ApplicationsApplications
Thiem, Rorive & Cordonnier DICOM 20th Anniversary Conference / Video page 2
DICOM from X-Ray to VLDICOM from X-Ray to VL
Radiology / Diagnosis Visible image / Therapy
Thiem, Rorive & Cordonnier DICOM 20th Anniversary Conference / Video page 3
Main Visible Light ModalitiesMain Visible Light Modalities
MicrosurgeryMicrosurgery
Rigid EndoscopyRigid Endoscopy
Flexible EndoscopyFlexible Endoscopy
Thiem, Rorive & Cordonnier DICOM 20th Anniversary Conference / Video page 4
The Current DemandThe Current Demand
• Presentation
• Publication
• Reporting
• Education
Thiem, Rorive & Cordonnier DICOM 20th Anniversary Conference / Video page 5
Surgery and Intra Body DiagnosisSurgery and Intra Body Diagnosis
PRE
POST
Thiem, Rorive & Cordonnier DICOM 20th Anniversary Conference / Video page 6
In Association with Other ImagesIn Association with Other Images
Thiem, Rorive & Cordonnier DICOM 20th Anniversary Conference / Video page 7
From Still Images to Video ClipsFrom Still Images to Video Clips
• Digital video sequences:– Replacing analogue tapes– For post operation reporting– Carefully selected clips
• Archiving on DVD or Server
• Without workflow disturbance
• Associated to report for referring physicians
• Minimizing the retrieval time
– Including sound (environment, comments)
Thiem, Rorive & Cordonnier DICOM 20th Anniversary Conference / Video page 8
Today’s VHS SituationToday’s VHS SituationSafe Area
Medical VHS
Thiem, Rorive & Cordonnier DICOM 20th Anniversary Conference / Video page 9
Digital Video EvolutionDigital Video EvolutionSafe Area
MPEG, DVD, VCD, DiVXMPEG, DVD, VCD, DiVX
DV
Thiem, Rorive & Cordonnier DICOM 20th Anniversary Conference / Video page 10
Emerging Proprietary SolutionsEmerging Proprietary SolutionsSafe Area
MPEG, DVD, VCD, DiVXMPEG, DVD, VCD, DiVX
MPEG
Thiem, Rorive & Cordonnier DICOM 20th Anniversary Conference / Video page 11
DICOM PropositionDICOM Proposition
DIC
OM
Netw
ork
Ethernet
DICOM CD
Safe Area
PACS
DICOM WorkstationsDICOM Workstations
HospitalInformation
System<- Worklist
Patientdata
Thiem, Rorive & Cordonnier DICOM 20th Anniversary Conference / Video page 12
WEB
RADIOLOGY PACS
ARCHIVE
Workload PACSWorkload PACS
Thiem, Rorive & Cordonnier DICOM 20th Anniversary Conference / Video page 13
The Video SignalThe Video Signal• PAL is the analogue TV transmission standard used in
Europe, and throughout many parts of the world. A uncompressed PAL TV (25 f/s) picture produces a massive 216 Mbit/sec bit stream
• The U.S. uses an analogue TV system called NTSC. This system provides less precise color information, and a different frame rate (30 f/s). An uncompressed NTSC signal requires slightly less transmission capacity at 168 Mbit/sec.
• Data rates becomes even higher when one realizes a High Definition TV (HDTV) picture requires a raw bandwidth exceeding 1 Gbit/sec (1000 Mbit/sec).
Thiem, Rorive & Cordonnier DICOM 20th Anniversary Conference / Video page 14
MPEG-2MPEG-2
• 1987 Discussion about compression of video• 1988 ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group• 1992 MPEG-2 (TV) and MPEG-3 (HDTV) combined
• 1993 MPEG-2 Main profile defined, compatible with MPEG-1
• 1994 ISO 13818-1 MPEG-2 Systems Definition
• 1997 First interactive Digital Video Broadcast service using MPEG-2
• 1998 Digital Versatile Disk (DVD) using MPEG-2
• 2000 Definition of the DVB Multimedia Home Platform (MHP)
• 2002 Availability of real time MPEG-2 DVD R writers
Thiem, Rorive & Cordonnier DICOM 20th Anniversary Conference / Video page 15
Other MPEG standardsOther MPEG standards
• MPEG-1, a standard for storage and retrieval of moving pictures and audio on storage media
• MPEG-2, for digital video
• MPEG-4, for multimedia applications (~DivX)
• MPEG-7, content representation standard for information search
• MPEG-21 to define a multimedia framework
Thiem, Rorive & Cordonnier DICOM 20th Anniversary Conference / Video page 16
Why MPEG-2Why MPEG-2
• Open, established standard
• Compatibility to DVD and Networks
• Low cost technology base
• Family inter-operability & flexibility
• Scalable bit rates
• Industry Support…
• and STABLE ?
Thiem, Rorive & Cordonnier DICOM 20th Anniversary Conference / Video page 17
MPEG-2 DisseminationMPEG-2 Dissemination
Systems which now use MPEG-2 is extensive and continuously growing:– Digital TV (cable, satellite and terrestrial
broadcast)– Video on Demand– Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)– Personal Computing– Card Payment, test and measurement, etc.
Thiem, Rorive & Cordonnier DICOM 20th Anniversary Conference / Video page 18
MPEG-2 CompressionMPEG-2 Compression
• Video compression which is backwards compatible with MPEG-1
• Full-screen interlaced and/or progressive video (for TV and Computer displays)
• Enhanced audio coding (high quality, mono, stereo, and other audio features)
• Transport multiplexing (combining different MPEG streams in a single transmission stream)
• Other services (GUI, interaction, encryption, data transmission, etc)
Thiem, Rorive & Cordonnier DICOM 20th Anniversary Conference / Video page 19
MPEG-2 Group of Pictures (GOP)MPEG-2 Group of Pictures (GOP)
Thiem, Rorive & Cordonnier DICOM 20th Anniversary Conference / Video page 20
MPEG-2 provides a way to compress the digital video signal to a manageable bit rate.
MPEG-2 CompressionMPEG-2 Compression
Thiem, Rorive & Cordonnier DICOM 20th Anniversary Conference / Video page 21
MPEG-2 Levels & ProfilesMPEG-2 Levels & Profiles
• Profile = quality of the video
• Level = resolution of the video
• The basic system is known as Main Profile Main Level (MP@ML) which covers video compression to 1-15 Mbps.
High X XHigh-1440 X X XMain X X X XLow X XLevel/Profile Simple Main SNR Spatial High
High X XHigh-1440 X X XMain X X X XLow X XLevel/Profile Simple Main SNR Spatial High
Thiem, Rorive & Cordonnier DICOM 20th Anniversary Conference / Video page 22
MainProfile@MainLevelMainProfile@MainLevelProfile TableProfile Table Level TableLevel Table
CompatibilityCompatibility
720 x 576 x 25 fps (PAL CCIR 601)
352 x 576 x 25 fps (PAL Half-D1)
720 x 480 x 30 fps (NTSC CCIR 601)
352 x 480 x 30 fps (NTSC Half-D1)
Thiem, Rorive & Cordonnier DICOM 20th Anniversary Conference / Video page 23
MPEG-2 MP 4:2:0 Image formatMPEG-2 MP 4:2:0 Image format
Thiem, Rorive & Cordonnier DICOM 20th Anniversary Conference / Video page 24
DICOM WG13 MPEG2 Work ItemDICOM WG13 MPEG2 Work Item
• Several face to face meetings, mainly in Europe, and t-cons
• Supplement 42: MPEG2 Video Sequence Transfer Syntax
• Supplement 47: Visible Light Video Sequences
• Plan to finalize the supplements end 2003, for balloting early in 2004
Thiem, Rorive & Cordonnier DICOM 20th Anniversary Conference / Video page 25
DVD based media exchange profileDVD based media exchange profile
• The DVD writers (~350€) and DVD-R media (~2€) are really accessible
• CD is more and more accepted and used for image distribution and « portable archive »
• DICOM sup 80 will be balloted soon• WG13 proposes to:
– Use the sup 80 format with VL SOP + potential Key Object Selection for « key » sequences
– Add an informative annex suggesting how to create a « dual format » DVD containing the DICOM data and a Video DVD of the acquired / selected sequences for the distribution to the patient / referring physician
Thiem, Rorive & Cordonnier DICOM 20th Anniversary Conference / Video page 26
video
DVD
video
DVD
« Dual Format » DICOM / video DVD
« Dual Format » DICOM / video DVD
video
DVD
video
DVD
VIDEO-TSVIDEO-TS
Key Object
Selection
Key Object
Selection
Key Object
Selection
Key Object
Selection
directory titles,
overlays
directory titles,
overlays
Key Object
Selection
Key Object
Selection
Key Object
Selection
Key Object
Selection
MPEG2 sequenceMPEG2 sequence
DICOM
data
DICOMDIRDICOMDIR
Key Object
Selection
Key Object
Selection
Key Object
Selection
Key Object
Selection
Key Object
Selection
Key Object
Selection
Key Object
Selection
Key Object
Selection
Key Object
Selection
Key Object
Selection
DICOM MPEG2 sequence
DICOM MPEG2 sequence
Thiem, Rorive & Cordonnier DICOM 20th Anniversary Conference / Video page 27
ConclusionConclusion
• The demand for digital video recording in Visible Light Imaging is emerging
• DICOM will contribute to harmonize the different products
• MPEG2 MP@ML is the best compromise
• Network transfer and DVD media exchange
• To be adopted in VL in a couple of months
• Could be applicable elsewhere (US…)
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