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Video

Helical Scan Video

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Helical Scan Video

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Spiral

Tracks of 1/2” Helical Scan Video

Audio (2)VideoControl

Helical Scan Video

SupplyReel

Take-upReel

TiltedVideo Drum

Audio & control track erase head

Audio & control track record head

Full erase head

Helical Scan Video

TiltedVideo Drum

Video Head

Side view

Top view

Video Tape

VHS VHS-C

8mm video• official name: Video8• mainly used with video cameras• small tape size

miniDV• Digital Video (DV) - 1996 • MiniDV - standard for consumer and semiprofessional video

production• Features include:

– intraframe compression for uncomplicated editing– a standard interface for transfer to non-linear editing systems

(IEEE 1394/FireWire)– good video quality, especially compared to earlier consumer

analog formats such as 8mm, Hi-8 and VHS-C.

• variants on the DV standard– DVCAM(Sony)– DVCPRO ( Panasonic) – high-definition version called

HDV, with MPEG-2 for compression

digital8• Sony - late 1990s.• uses conventional analog Video Hi8 tapes, but

records the video signal in digital form using the DV codec.

• excellent video and audio quality• Sony is the only company that produces D8

camcorders.

Video Format Advantages

Format: VHS VHS-C 8mm miniDV Digital8

Advantages in the field

Large enough to feel like pro gear

Inexpensive Inexpensive Most common digital format - high quality

Also high quality, with added advantage that the tapes are inexpensive (ordinary 8mm).

Advantages in an editing environment

Tapes can be used with any VCR, so you don't need to tie up your camcorder when capturing

With an adapter, tapes can be used in any VCR (see VHS)

none High quality, digital interface gives direct control over camcorder

see miniDV. Sony Digital8 cameras will also play back and digitize analog 8mm video tapes

Video Format Disadvantages

Format: VHS VHS-C 8mm miniDV Digital8

Dis-advantages

Quality not great

Lowest quality. Quality not great, and unlike VHS/VHS-C, you must tie up your camcorder for capture.

Somewhat more expensive. Tapes are also expensive. Although miniDV VCRs are available, they're very expensive, and so you must tie up your camcorder for capture.

Format is unique to Sony Digital8 camcorders - no other brand of camcorder uses this format or will play Digital8 tapes.

• Camera, recorder, playback all in one• Portable - compact, light, easy to handle• Immediate playback• Good to excellent quality• Can use in low light levels• Affordable• Attach to VCR for copying• Attach to TV for playback

Advantages of a camcorder

• Cost

Disadvantages of a camcorder

• Close-up• Movement

– Pan– Tilt– Truck– Dolly

• Lens characteristics– Zoom– Telephoto– Wide angle– F-stops

Camera operations• Composition• Camera angle• Optical & mechanical

effects• Electronic effects

• QuickTime• iMovie (Mac)• Windows Media 9 (WMV9)• Media 100• Video Toaster

Desktop video production

• Portable (VCR, Videodisc, DVD)• Broadcast (Commercial, Public)• Satellite• Microwave• Closed circuit • CATV

Television Distribution Systems

Broadcast

Satellite

Microwave

Closed-circuit system

CATV

• One-way video, two-way audio• Two-way video (PictureTel)

Video Conferencing

Two-way Video Teleconferencing

• sequence of "moving images" that are sent in compressed form over the Internet and displayed by the viewer as they arrive.

• streaming media is streaming video with sound • media is sent in a continuous stream and is played

as it arrives • user needs a player, which is a special program

that uncompresses and sends video data to the display and audio data to speakers

• a player can be either an integral part of a browser or downloaded from the software maker's Web site

Streaming Video