U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Digital Imagery Derived from the...

U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey

USGS Digital ImageryDerived from the Historical Film Archive – Status and Applications

Randy A. McKinleySr. ScientistScientific Applications International Corp (SAIC)Contractor to USGS Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS)Sioux Falls, SD 57198-0001Phone: 605-594-2745Email: RMcKinley@usgs.gov

Presentation Overview

Next Generation Film Archive Status of the Ongoing Film to Digital Image

Conversion Effort Digital Photo Application Examples

*175,000 sq. ft. of office space, ~660 employees

USGS Film/Photo Archive of the 21st Century

Fully transition to digital product delivery

Assure long-term preservation of USGS film

Significantly improve access to the USGS Film Archive and Film Collections from other participating Agencies and Bureaus

Provide access to long term National Archive and Records Administration (NARA) archive (through available browse images, digitized products, etc.)

Hardcopy product generation shifted to the customer or USGS Business Partners

Business Partners available for customer technical assistance

Why Change was Required

Customer demand for film based products trending downward

Cost to produce film/paper products exceeded income

Market pressures; the photo industry is moving to digital

Positive paper raw stock no longer being manufactured

Not all of the USGS film collections are accessible: Only single frame metadata references were searchable in Earth Explorer which represents 33% of the USGS film archive

Over 19,500 film rolls have the vinegar syndrome problem (including over 310,000 frames of Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research - SCAR photography)

8.6 Millon Frames

Single frame

Block

33%2 .8 m illio n67%

5 .8 m illio n

Aerial F ilmArchive

Historical Film Archive Access Methods

Photo Index Single Frame

Terminology

Digitize Medium-resolution digitized image files.

Output of Kodak 14.4 MP digital cameras. Non-photogrammetric quality, 600 dpi. TIFF output format, B/W=13 MB, color=38 MB. Adobe Photoshop CS (format, crop, adjust polarity,

add USGS vis/ID). Stored near-line on a Silo for ready access to serve

customer orders. Digitized browse quality image files.

By-product of creating the medium–resolution image

JPG, B/W=148 KB, color=400 KB, 72 dpi. Browse downloadable at no cost to customers.

Terminology (con’t.)

Scan High-resolution scanned image files.

Output of Zeiss SCAI and Leica DSW700 photogrammetric scanners.

Standard spot size is 21micron (1200 dpi). Options to 7 (3600 dpi).

TIFF output format, B/W=120 MB, color 360 MB. On-demand products (output scans are not archived

by EROS).

Digital Capture Systems

Kodak Digital Cameras - Phoenix IV Medium-resolution

Digitization System(archive/access conversion)

Zeiss & Leica High-resolution Photogrammetric Quality Scanners

(customer products only)

Historical Film Digitization Plan

5+ yr Plan to Digitize Archive Film Create full frame browse to improve film archive access Store medium-resolution images created during the process Digitize all photo indexes & line plots (over 72,000) Creation of geo-referenced browse images if possible

Systems Development Progressing Four systems are operational; 2 or 3 shifts/day 5th backup system/setup for sheet feed

Archive Digitization Ops Digitizing 60-65 rolls/day Priority scheme: “one time” U.S. coverage, vinegar syndrome

rolls, USGS collections, science & customer Interests.

Digital Data Sales

Providing on-demand high-resolution scanned products from the historical film archive $30 / per frame scanning fee, plus $5 order fee/ FTP or on CD/DVD

Providing “ready” near-line access to the medium-resolution digitized files as they become available. $3/ per frame access fee, plus $5 order/ FTP or on CD/DVD

Refer hardcopy product requests to USGS Business Partners and other service providers

Total Frames at EROS 8.003 M

Frames Digitized 4.197

Frames to be Digitized 3.806 M

% Complete 52.44%

Archive Status - Digitizing

Archive Status -Digitizing Detail

Also space acquired photos like Gemini, Shuttle LFC, others.

How to find archive photos

Earth Explorer http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov

Glovis (NAPP, more later…) http://glovis.usgs.gov

Photo Finder http://edc.usgs.gov/products/aerial.html NAPP and NHAP archives only Easy for zip code or city name search

Photo Location

Photo Browse

http://glovis.usgs.gov

Glovis Previewing (NHAP-NAPP)

Land Management Applications of Photo Archive

Wyoming Coal Bed Methane Infrastructure and Agricultural Development

North Carolina Forestry & Land Cover Change

Alaska Disappearing Lakes & Land Cover Change

Photo: CBMCC

Wyoming Sagebrush/Sage Grouse & Coal Bed Methane Development

Photo: Brett Walker

Dry Land/Ditch Irrigated Cropland to Center Pivot Irrigation

Cropland conversionto pasture

Sagebrush/Grass rangeland impacted by CBM development (discharge ponds, roads, pipelines, compressor stations, other infrastructure)

1966 Historical Aerial Photo2001 USGS DOQ

On Tongue River Northeast of Sheridan, WY

Southwest Wyoming – Near Farson and potential Oil and Gas Development

BLM Photo 1964 Quickbird 2006

North Carolina Forestry and Land Cover Change

USDA DOQ Mosaic ~ 1998-1999USGS Photo 1/12/1942 (ARB00RMP0020174)

Alaska Disappearing Lakes&

General Landcover Change

Alaska Overview - Seward Peninsula Study Site

Near Council, AK

Landsat TM (30 m) Acquired June 12, 2000

~ 55 miles

Landsat MSS (~57 m) Acquired July 23, 1975

~ 55 miles

USGS Photo Archive Mosaic 1950

~ 55 miles

USGS Photo Archive Mosaic 1950 Over Landsat 2000Lake Change Classification

Appear 1975-2000=Green; Appear 1950-1975=Blue; Disappear 1975-2000=Orange; Disappear 1950-1975= Red

~ 55 miles

Landsat 7 (CIR/432)Path 79 Row 15August 21, 2002

EROS ArchiveB&W Digital Photo3gyl13021_115July 4, 1950

Comparison of Historic Photos with Current Landsat Image

Study site is NE of Council, AK near confluence of Fish and Paragon rivers.(Approx. 65 00’ 00” N 162 57’ 57” W)

Shuttle Large Format Camera (LFC) – Space Photography

LFC – Nepal

Study Area

LFC – Nepal (47 Miles SE of Kathmandu)

Nepal 10/06/1984(AR7S41000100175 – Full Frame)

Detailed study area

India

Nepal

Tibet

LFC – Nepal (47 Miles SE of Kathmandu)

Nepal 10/06/1984(AR7S41000100175 – Full Frame)

Detailed study area

Note area of deforestation with conversion to silvicultural land use. This is a large eucalyptus tree plantation. Funded by the world bank, approximately 11,000 hectares are being planted and harvested in a short 10-12 years rotation cycle mainly to meet fuelwood demand in the capital city of Kathmadu.

*Due to inconsistent acquisition strategies internationally, there is no Landsat data in the US archives for this region in the 1980’s.

Nepal – LFC/Landsat TM/Pan Comparison

~10 miles

LFC 1984 Landsat TM/Pan 2001

Customer Services U.S. Geological SurveyEarth Resources Observation & Science (EROS) 47914 252nd StreetSioux Falls, SD 57198-0001

Tel: 800-252-4547Tel: 605-594-6151 TDD: 605-594-6933 Fax: 605-594-6589 Email: custserv@usgs.gov

Business Hours: Monday thru Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., central time

http://edc.usgs.gov