Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey
USGS Digital ImageryDerived from the Historical Film Archive – Status and Applications
Randy A. McKinleySr. ScientistScientific Applications International Corp (SAIC)Contractor to USGS Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS)Sioux Falls, SD 57198-0001Phone: 605-594-2745Email: [email protected]
Presentation Overview
Next Generation Film Archive Status of the Ongoing Film to Digital Image
Conversion Effort Digital Photo Application Examples
*175,000 sq. ft. of office space, ~660 employees
USGS Film/Photo Archive of the 21st Century
Fully transition to digital product delivery
Assure long-term preservation of USGS film
Significantly improve access to the USGS Film Archive and Film Collections from other participating Agencies and Bureaus
Provide access to long term National Archive and Records Administration (NARA) archive (through available browse images, digitized products, etc.)
Hardcopy product generation shifted to the customer or USGS Business Partners
Business Partners available for customer technical assistance
Why Change was Required
Customer demand for film based products trending downward
Cost to produce film/paper products exceeded income
Market pressures; the photo industry is moving to digital
Positive paper raw stock no longer being manufactured
Not all of the USGS film collections are accessible: Only single frame metadata references were searchable in Earth Explorer which represents 33% of the USGS film archive
Over 19,500 film rolls have the vinegar syndrome problem (including over 310,000 frames of Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research - SCAR photography)
8.6 Millon Frames
Single frame
Block
33%2 .8 m illio n67%
5 .8 m illio n
Aerial F ilmArchive
Historical Film Archive Access Methods
Photo Index Single Frame
Terminology
Digitize Medium-resolution digitized image files.
Output of Kodak 14.4 MP digital cameras. Non-photogrammetric quality, 600 dpi. TIFF output format, B/W=13 MB, color=38 MB. Adobe Photoshop CS (format, crop, adjust polarity,
add USGS vis/ID). Stored near-line on a Silo for ready access to serve
customer orders. Digitized browse quality image files.
By-product of creating the medium–resolution image
JPG, B/W=148 KB, color=400 KB, 72 dpi. Browse downloadable at no cost to customers.
Terminology (con’t.)
Scan High-resolution scanned image files.
Output of Zeiss SCAI and Leica DSW700 photogrammetric scanners.
Standard spot size is 21micron (1200 dpi). Options to 7 (3600 dpi).
TIFF output format, B/W=120 MB, color 360 MB. On-demand products (output scans are not archived
by EROS).
Digital Capture Systems
Kodak Digital Cameras - Phoenix IV Medium-resolution
Digitization System(archive/access conversion)
Zeiss & Leica High-resolution Photogrammetric Quality Scanners
(customer products only)
Historical Film Digitization Plan
5+ yr Plan to Digitize Archive Film Create full frame browse to improve film archive access Store medium-resolution images created during the process Digitize all photo indexes & line plots (over 72,000) Creation of geo-referenced browse images if possible
Systems Development Progressing Four systems are operational; 2 or 3 shifts/day 5th backup system/setup for sheet feed
Archive Digitization Ops Digitizing 60-65 rolls/day Priority scheme: “one time” U.S. coverage, vinegar syndrome
rolls, USGS collections, science & customer Interests.
Digital Data Sales
Providing on-demand high-resolution scanned products from the historical film archive $30 / per frame scanning fee, plus $5 order fee/ FTP or on CD/DVD
Providing “ready” near-line access to the medium-resolution digitized files as they become available. $3/ per frame access fee, plus $5 order/ FTP or on CD/DVD
Refer hardcopy product requests to USGS Business Partners and other service providers
Total Frames at EROS 8.003 M
Frames Digitized 4.197
Frames to be Digitized 3.806 M
% Complete 52.44%
Archive Status - Digitizing
Archive Status -Digitizing Detail
Also space acquired photos like Gemini, Shuttle LFC, others.
How to find archive photos
Earth Explorer http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov
Glovis (NAPP, more later…) http://glovis.usgs.gov
Photo Finder http://edc.usgs.gov/products/aerial.html NAPP and NHAP archives only Easy for zip code or city name search
Photo Location
Photo Browse
http://glovis.usgs.gov
Glovis Previewing (NHAP-NAPP)
Land Management Applications of Photo Archive
Wyoming Coal Bed Methane Infrastructure and Agricultural Development
North Carolina Forestry & Land Cover Change
Alaska Disappearing Lakes & Land Cover Change
Photo: CBMCC
Wyoming Sagebrush/Sage Grouse & Coal Bed Methane Development
Photo: Brett Walker
Dry Land/Ditch Irrigated Cropland to Center Pivot Irrigation
Cropland conversionto pasture
Sagebrush/Grass rangeland impacted by CBM development (discharge ponds, roads, pipelines, compressor stations, other infrastructure)
1966 Historical Aerial Photo2001 USGS DOQ
On Tongue River Northeast of Sheridan, WY
Southwest Wyoming – Near Farson and potential Oil and Gas Development
BLM Photo 1964 Quickbird 2006
North Carolina Forestry and Land Cover Change
USDA DOQ Mosaic ~ 1998-1999USGS Photo 1/12/1942 (ARB00RMP0020174)
Alaska Disappearing Lakes&
General Landcover Change
Alaska Overview - Seward Peninsula Study Site
Near Council, AK
Landsat TM (30 m) Acquired June 12, 2000
~ 55 miles
Landsat MSS (~57 m) Acquired July 23, 1975
~ 55 miles
USGS Photo Archive Mosaic 1950
~ 55 miles
USGS Photo Archive Mosaic 1950 Over Landsat 2000Lake Change Classification
Appear 1975-2000=Green; Appear 1950-1975=Blue; Disappear 1975-2000=Orange; Disappear 1950-1975= Red
~ 55 miles
Landsat 7 (CIR/432)Path 79 Row 15August 21, 2002
EROS ArchiveB&W Digital Photo3gyl13021_115July 4, 1950
Comparison of Historic Photos with Current Landsat Image
Study site is NE of Council, AK near confluence of Fish and Paragon rivers.(Approx. 65 00’ 00” N 162 57’ 57” W)
Shuttle Large Format Camera (LFC) – Space Photography
LFC – Nepal
Study Area
LFC – Nepal (47 Miles SE of Kathmandu)
Nepal 10/06/1984(AR7S41000100175 – Full Frame)
Detailed study area
India
Nepal
Tibet
LFC – Nepal (47 Miles SE of Kathmandu)
Nepal 10/06/1984(AR7S41000100175 – Full Frame)
Detailed study area
Note area of deforestation with conversion to silvicultural land use. This is a large eucalyptus tree plantation. Funded by the world bank, approximately 11,000 hectares are being planted and harvested in a short 10-12 years rotation cycle mainly to meet fuelwood demand in the capital city of Kathmadu.
*Due to inconsistent acquisition strategies internationally, there is no Landsat data in the US archives for this region in the 1980’s.
Nepal – LFC/Landsat TM/Pan Comparison
~10 miles
LFC 1984 Landsat TM/Pan 2001
Customer Services U.S. Geological SurveyEarth Resources Observation & Science (EROS) 47914 252nd StreetSioux Falls, SD 57198-0001
Tel: 800-252-4547Tel: 605-594-6151 TDD: 605-594-6933 Fax: 605-594-6589 Email: [email protected]
Business Hours: Monday thru Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., central time
http://edc.usgs.gov
