Urine Marijuana Analysis and Interpretation Dan Coleman California Department of Justice

Urine Marijuana Analysis and Interpretation

Dan ColemanCalifornia Department of Justice

Introduction

History

Marijuana

Marijuana Prescription, 2000

Whiskey Prescription, 1925

Variety is the

spice of life.

Effects of Marijuana

(Stoned)

(High)

Appetite Stimulation. Causes Premature Aging?

Analysis of Marijuana

Urine Analysis of Marijuana

Deconjugate for THC and OH-THCDeconjugate for THC and OH-THC

Kemp found E.Coli works bestKemp found E.Coli works best

Make a deconjugation QC sampleMake a deconjugation QC sample

Conjugated drugs not availableConjugated drugs not available

Note on SPE extractionsNote on SPE extractions

California DUI Investigation

Determine the drug’s:Determine the drug’s:

Presence

Influence

Impairment

California DUI Investigation

Unfortunately, urine is still an optionUnfortunately, urine is still an option

Quality of investigation varies Quality of investigation varies by agencyby agency

Standard DRE Form Used by the CHP

Signs and Symptoms of Recent Marijuana Usage.

Determining Time of Use Elimination of cannabinoidsElimination of cannabinoids History of usageHistory of usage Weight loss?Weight loss? Creatinine levels?Creatinine levels?

Officer’s observations, to include FSTs

Laboratory and Driving Studies

Controlled Studies Have Found Drivers Under the Influence of

MJ to Drive Slower

Many Police Reports Find

MJ Drivers Speeding

Marijuana only detected (pre OH-THC analysis)

THC conc.

(ng/mL)

Elapsed time of urine

collection from stop

Time admits last used (from

urine collection) Comments

1 10-15 1 hr. 37 min. 1 hr. 47 min. X X X X X2 30-40 58 min. 2 hr. 58 min. X X X X X X X X3 10-15 1 hr. 25 min. "Recent" X X X X X X "Smoked before leaving house"

4 <5 1 hr. 30 min. 10 hr. 30 min. X X X X X X5 30-40 53 min. - X X X X X X "Denies using past 24 hours"

Case #1 – Smoked 10 minutes before stop, admitted he was waiting for cop to leave the area. COOH greater than 500 ng/mL. Pulled over for window tint.

Case #2 – Smoked 2 hours prior, was wearing MJ t-shirt. Pulled over for tail light infraction.

Case #3 – Pulled over at 0720, for speeding. Recent usage.

Marijuana only detected (pre OH-THC analysis)

THC conc.

(ng/mL)

urine collection) Comments

1 10-15 1 hr. 37 min. 1 hr. 47 min. X X X X X2 30-40 58 min. 2 hr. 58 min. X X X X X X X X3 10-15 1 hr. 25 min. "Recent" X X X X X X "Smoked before leaving house"

4 <5 1 hr. 30 min. 10 hr. 30 min. X X X X X X5 30-40 53 min. - X X X X X X "Denies using past 24 hours"

Case #4 – Weaving within and out of the lane. Low pulse (52-68), BP 150/104.

Case #5 – Pulled over for running stop sign and wide turn.

Marijuana including OH-THC presence

THC conc.

(ng/mL)

urine collection) Lack

onverg

Reboun

d Dila

r of M

arijuana

d or G

nd/or W

Dilate

d Pupils

High P

ulse a

Admiss

Also found6 ND 2 hours - meth; ops; OH <0.5;

7 5-10 1 hour 2 hrs. 15 min. X X X X X X meth; OH 10-20;

8 5-10 1 hour 6-7 hours X X X X X X low ephed; OH 25-30

9 20-30 1 hour 4 hrs. 20 min. X X X X X X X OH 90-100; possess hash

10 5 45 min. 12+ hrs. X X X meth; OH 25-30; constricted

11 ND 38 min. 10 hours X X X X X X benzos; EtOH

12 ND 1 hr. 30 min. 2 hrs. 10 min. X X X X X X X OH 1-2; meth

13 ND 50 min. 3 hrs. 50 min. X X X X X X X OH 5-10; coc/BE

Case #6 – COOH at 10 ng/mL.

Case #7 – Pulled over for swerving within the lane. Admits recent usage “It was bud, not shake.”

Case #8 – Speeding and weaving.

THC conc.

(ng/mL)

onverg

Reboun

d Dila

r of M

arijuana

d or G

nd/or W

Dilate

d Pupils

High P

ulse a

Admiss

Case #9 – Sudden U-turn and spun wheels leaving skid marks and smoke. “Yeah, I feel a little high.”

Case #10 – Drifting and inattentive driving.

Case #11 – Slid off of road into a ditch.

THC conc.

(ng/mL)

onverg

Reboun

d Dila

r of M

arijuana

d or G

nd/or W

Dilate

d Pupils

High P

ulse a

Admiss

Case #12 – Moderate COOH of 50-100 ng/mL.

Case #13 – Higher COOH of 200-300 ng/mL.

Marijuana in combination with other drugs

THC conc.

(ng/mL)

onverg

Reboun

d Dila

r of M

arijuana

d or G

nd/or W

Dilate

d Pupils

High P

ulse a

Admiss

Also found14 10-15 1 hr. 10 min. 1 hr. 40 min. X X X X hydrocodone

15 15-20 1 hr. 20 min. 2-4 hrs. X X X X X X low methamphetamine

16 5-10 1 hr. 50 min. 2 hr. 50 min. X X X X X X X methamphetamine

17 5-10 50 min. 1 hr. 50 min. X X X X X low benzos; meprobamate

18 10-15 1 hr. 32 min. 3 hrs. X X X X X X methamphetamine

19 10-15 1 hr. 39 min. Recent X X X X X X X weak opiates

20 <5 1 hr. 27 min. 13 hr. 27 min. X X X X X X X X weak methamphetamine

21 5-10 1 hr. 15 min. - X X methamphetamine

Case #14 – Speeding, driving on the white line. Smoked one half hour prior.

Case #15 – Pulled over for headlight violation. On his way to Jack-in-the-Box, feels “mellow and has the munchies”. Asked if he feels a little bit impaired, “Yeah, I won’t deny it.”

Case #16 – Cut-off CHP car at intersection. No statement.

THC conc.

(ng/mL)

onverg

Reboun

d Dila

r of M

arijuana

d or G

nd/or W

Dilate

d Pupils

High P

ulse a

Admiss

Case #17 – Speeding, admits smoking one hour prior. Officer observed pipe and prescription bottle with MJ in it. Stated it was her mom’s. Eventually says just the bottle is.

Case #18 – Pulled over for no seat belt.

Case #19 – Warm joint in the ashtray

THC conc.

(ng/mL)

onverg

Reboun

d Dila

r of M

arijuana

d or G

nd/or W

Dilate

d Pupils

High P

ulse a

Admiss

Case #20 – Pulled over for weaving.

Case #21 – Pulled over for no license plate light at 2130. COOH is 150-200 ng/mL. Admits methamphetamine from the morning.

Blood and Urine Comparisons (no OH-THC available)THC COOH OH-THC

(ng/mL) (ng/mL) (ng/mL) Time

01-8882 22 1.3 50-60 N/A 1916 Blood

01-8882 <5 30-40 N/A 1720 Urine

01-4318 23 1.5 20 N/A 0203 Blood

01-4318 ND 40-50 N/A 0232 Urine

01-1487 24 +/- by IA N/A N/A 1300 Blood

01-1487 <5 30-40 N/A 1050 Urine

Blood and Urine Comparisons (with OH-THC available)THC COOH OH-THC

(ng/mL) (ng/mL) (ng/mL) Time

02-7780 25 0.73 88 <1 1043 Blood

02-7780 ND 100 ND 1048 Urine

02-9793 26 0.96 33 <1 1240 Blood

02-9793 ND 30-40 ND N/A Urine

02-9890 27 ND 11 ND 0330 Blood

02-9890 ND 70-80 <5 0450 Urine

Blood and Urine Comparisons (with OH-THC available)02-4578 28 +/- by IA N/A N/A 2001 Blood

02-4578 5 10 <5 1945 Urine

02-4702 29 +/- by IA N/A N/A 1055 Blood

02-4702 <5 10 <5 0938 Urine

02-5116 30 ND <5 ND 0325 Blood

02-5116 ND 100 <5 0530 Urine

03-6318 31 3.5 135 1.1 0405 Blood

03-6318 ND <1 >300 3 0440 Urine

03-8394 32 1.4 64 <1 1020 Blood

03-8394 ND <1 >250 3 0853 Urine

03-10130 33 ND ND ND 1107 Blood

03-9804 ND <10 ND 1013 Urine

03-10352 34 1.2 80 0.5 2110 Blood

03-10352 ND 100 3 1920 Urine

03-10462 35 ND 8 ND 1110 Blood

03-10462 ND 60 <1 0945 Urine

Take Home Messages

Analysis of THC and OH-THC in urine requires deconjugation with E.Coli

Presence of THC and OH-THC may be an indicator of recent use of marijuana

Take Home Messages

Analysis of OH-THC is worth doing in both blood and urine

OH-THC is an active metabolite, may be present in levels similar or slightly greater than THC, and be detectable for slightly longer periods than THC

Take Home Messages

Driving while impaired by marijuana does not always mean slow driving

Drivers shown to be under the influence of MJ are also commonly seen speeding and exhibiting lowered inhibitions

Take Home Messages

It is possible to exhibit signs and symptoms of marijuana influence with no THC detected in the urine

Marijuana and alcohol in combination have consistently been shown to impair skills needed for safe driving

Urine Marijuana Analysis and Interpretation Dan Coleman California Department of Justice

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