University of New Mexico PHYC/ECE 568: NONLINEAR OPTICSmsbahae.unm.edu/Courses/568 Nonlinear...

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Instructor: Mansoor Sheik-Bahae

Office: PAIS, Room 2220

Phone: 226-3693 e-mail: msb@unm.edu

Office Hours: Make an appointment or stop by

TA: Mingyang Zhang

Textbook

The final grade is weighted as follows:

Midterm Exam: 45%

Final Project (paper + presentation): 40%

Homework: 15% (nearly every 2 weeks)

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PHYC/ECE 568: NONLINEAR OPTICSUniversity of New Mexico

Spring 2020

myzhang@unm.edu

4th edition will be out in March

Introduction (historical overview, applications of NLO)

Nonlinear Susceptibilities (c(2) and c(3) processes, nonlinear refraction and absorption)

Classical Anharmonic Oscillator Model

Properties of Nonlinear Susceptibilities (symmetries, Kramers-Kronig dispersion relations)

Wave Propagation in NLO Media (coupled amplitude equations for c(2) processes, phase matching, second harmonic

generation, sum and difference frequency generation, optical parametric processes, cascading nonlinearities)

Quantum Mechanical Treatment of Nonlinear Susceptibilities

c(3) Processes (electronic, vibrational and rotational effects, optical Kerr effect, self-focusing, wave-mixing, bistability,

phase-conjugation, beam coupling, solitons)

Photo-Refractive Nonlinearities

Stimulated Light Scattering (stimulated Raman, Brillouin, and Rayleigh scattering)

Recent advances in ultrafast NLO (high-harmonic generation, atto-physics, terahertz)

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Course Syllabus

What is Nonlinear Optics?

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At low intensities light beams cross without any interaction (linear optics)

Light beams interact with each other, or themselves at high intensities (nonlinear optics)

1 ± 2, 21 , 22 , 31 , …

Primary Manifestations: • sum, difference, harmonic frequency generation (new frequencies)• modulating refractive index and absorption coefficient; examples:

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𝛻 2𝐸 −1

𝑐2𝜕2𝐸

𝜕𝑡2=𝜇0

𝜕2𝑃

𝜕𝑡2

𝑃 = 𝜖0(𝜒1 𝐸 + 𝜒 2 𝐸2 + 𝜒 3 𝐸3 +⋯)

𝑃 = 𝜖0𝜒1 𝐸

wave mixing

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Optical Computers !

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1961: NLO was born!

Peter Franken (1929-1999)

University of Michigan

𝑃 = 𝜖0𝜒2 𝐸2

Second Harmonic Generation (SHG): Green Laser Pointer

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1961: NLO was born!

Linear (one-photon)fluorescence

Two-photonfluorescence (TPF)

Three-photonfluorescence (3PF)

𝑃 = 𝜖0𝜒3 𝐸3

𝛼 = 𝛼0 + 𝛽𝐼

Two-photon absorption

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Two-photon microscopy

Two-photon polymerizationOPTICAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING OPTICAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING OPTICAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING OPTICAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING University of New Mexico

Theoretical Foundations

Maria Goeppert-Mayer (June 28, 1906 – February 20, 1972)

Two-photon absorption theory (1931, doctoral dissertation)

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Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963, shared with J. Hans D. Jensen and Eugene Paul Wigner.

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Nicholas Bloembergen1962- 2017

Theoretical Foundations

Nobel Prize in Physics, 1981

(July 2011) in Hawaii (NLO Meeting)OPTICAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING OPTICAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING OPTICAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING OPTICAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING University of New Mexico

Femtosecond Lasers, Frequency Combs and Optical Clocks

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NLO: A thriving field with multiple application

Extreme Nonlinear Optics (X-ray bursts, attosecond pulses, and laser fusion)

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Other Historical Perspectives (19th Century)

Faraday Effect (magneto-optic) - 1845:

Kerr Effect- 1875:

Pockels Effect- 1893:

Michael Faraday

John Kerr

Friedrich Pockels

𝜃 = 𝑉 × 𝐵 × 𝐿

𝐵

𝑉 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡

Enrn 3

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Handbook of Nonlinear OpticsRichard Sutherland

Fundamentals of Nonlinear OpticsPeter Bowers

Photonics: Optical Electronics in Modern Communications Amnon Yariv and Pochi Yeh

Other References