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Unit 3
Topics 1 and 2
Topic 1: Cellular energy
Metabolism
The sum of all reactions of an organism.
Anabolic reactionsCatabolic reactions
Helps to maintain homeostasis.Requires energy
Cellular energy
Why do cells need energy?Cells carry out three kinds of energy-requiring work:
ChemicalMechanicalTransport
Energy Big Picture
ALL cells (plant and animal) need to make ATP to do work.
Photosynthesis (only plants)Cellular respiration (plants and animals)
6CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
Photosynthesis: the “Big Picture”
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Chlorophyll b and carotenoids are sometimes referred to as accessory pigments. Why does
this make sense?
Catalyst:
Leaf structure
Chloroplast structure
€
6CO2 + 6H2O enzymes & chlorophyll ⏐ → ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ C6H12O6 + 6O2
Stage 1:
Light-dependent reactions
Stage 2:
Calvin cycle
Light energy is converted to chemical energy (as NADPH and ATP).
Glucose is made from CO2 and hydrogens carried by NADPH using ATP energy.
Photosynthesis is a net __________________________________ reaction because there is more energy in the bonds of ______________________ than there are in the bonds of the ______________________________.
Catalyst:Which enzyme catalyzes the production of ATP?
Why is water split during the light reactions?
Where does the hydrogen come from to make glucose?
Calvin cycle
What factors might affect the rate of photosynthetic reactions?
SUMMARY
starch,sucrose,cellulose& more
1C CO2
Calvin cycle
5CRuBP
3C
RuBisCo
1. Carbon fixation
2. Reduction
3. Regenerationof RuBP
ribulose bisphosphateribulose
bisphosphate carboxylase
6 NADP
6 NADPH 6 ADP
6 ATP
3 ADP
3 ATP
usedto make
glucose
3C
3CG3Pglyceraldehyde-3-P
C C C C C
C C C C C
C C C C C
6C
C C C C C C
C C C C C C
C C C C C C
C C C
C C C
C C C
C C C
C C C
C C C
PGAphosphoglycerate
C C C
C C C
C C C
C C C
C C C
C C CC C C
CC
C
C C C= =
|H
|H
|H
|H
|H
|H
C C C– –
5C
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