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Unit 3Unit 3Standard 6 Standard 6
Notes:Notes:
ExpansionExpansion
SSUSH6SSUSH6
The student will analyze the The student will analyze the
nature of territorial and nature of territorial and
population growth and the population growth and the
impact of this growth in the impact of this growth in the
early decades of the new early decades of the new
nation.nation.
SSUSH6SSUSH6
a.a. Explain the Northwest Explain the Northwest
Ordinance of 1787 and its Ordinance of 1787 and its
importance in the westward importance in the westward
migration of Americans, migration of Americans,
slavery, public education, slavery, public education,
and the addition of new and the addition of new
states.states.
Territorial GrowthTerritorial Growth
The Northwest The Northwest
Ordinance of 1787-Ordinance of 1787-
The law which divided The law which divided
land into smaller land into smaller
territories.territories.
New States-New States-
The NW Ordinance also The NW Ordinance also
provided guidelines provided guidelines
under which new under which new
states could enter states could enter
the Union.the Union.
Northwest Ordinance 1787Process for becoming a STATE:
1.UNORGANIZED TERRITORY
2.ORGANIZED TERRITORY
• Congress appoints a Governor.
• When population reached 5,000 adult male landowners elect territorial legislature.
3.STATEHOOD
• When population reached 60,000 people write constitution and ask CONGRESS to admit them as a state
Territorial GrowthTerritorial Growth
Slavery-Slavery-
Under the NW Ordinance, slavery was outlawed Under the NW Ordinance, slavery was outlawed
north of the Ohio River (in NW Territory).north of the Ohio River (in NW Territory).
Education-Education-
To promote individualism and patriotism, leaders To promote individualism and patriotism, leaders
sought to expand education through tax-sought to expand education through tax-
supported schools. In short, the NW Ordinance supported schools. In short, the NW Ordinance
gave money for education in the NW Territory.gave money for education in the NW Territory.
Northwest Ordinance 1787
• Important because new states were added fully equal to the original 13.
•All additional 37 states were added using this process.
SSUSH6SSUSH6
b.b. Describe Jefferson’s Describe Jefferson’s
diplomacy in obtaining the diplomacy in obtaining the
Louisiana Purchase (1803) Louisiana Purchase (1803)
from France and the from France and the
territory’s exploration by territory’s exploration by
Lewis and ClarkLewis and Clark ..
Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson
33rdrd President President
1801—18091801—1809
Party:Party: Democratic-Democratic-RepublicanRepublican
Home State:Home State:
VirginiaVirginia
Vice President:Vice President:
Aaron Burr & Aaron Burr &
George ClintonGeorge Clinton
Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson
DomesticDomestic
Reduced the size of Reduced the size of
federal government federal government
(1801)(1801)
Repealed Repealed Alien Alien & &
SeditionSedition Acts (1801) Acts (1801)
Dealt with Marshall Dealt with Marshall
Court (1801—1809)Court (1801—1809)
Corps of Discovery Corps of Discovery
(1804—1806)(1804—1806)
ForeignForeign
Louisiana Purchase Louisiana Purchase
(1803)(1803)
Barbary War (1801—Barbary War (1801—
1805)1805)
Embargo ActEmbargo Act (1807) (1807)
Non-Intercourse ActNon-Intercourse Act
(1809)(1809)
Jefferson’s PresidencyJefferson’s Presidency
Bureaucracy-Bureaucracy-
Jefferson cut the national government’s size Jefferson cut the national government’s size
which grew under the Federalists in the which grew under the Federalists in the
1790s.1790s.
John Marshall-John Marshall-
Selected as the Supreme Court Chief Selected as the Supreme Court Chief
Justice by John Adams.Justice by John Adams.
Carried the torch of Federalist ideals (1801Carried the torch of Federalist ideals (1801
—1835). —1835).
Jefferson’s PresidencyJefferson’s Presidency
Judicial Review-Judicial Review-
The power of the Supreme Court to declare acts The power of the Supreme Court to declare acts
of Congress unconstitutional.of Congress unconstitutional.
Marbury v. MadisonMarbury v. Madison (1803)- (1803)-
Supreme Court case which authorized the Supreme Court case which authorized the
Supreme Court’s power of Judicial Review.Supreme Court’s power of Judicial Review.
Territorial ExpansionTerritorial Expansion
Louisiana Purchase (1803)-Louisiana Purchase (1803)-
Began when a slave revolt in Haiti Began when a slave revolt in Haiti
resulted in Napoleon’s desire for funds.resulted in Napoleon’s desire for funds.
France offered Louisiana to the United France offered Louisiana to the United
States for $15 million. (3 cents/acre)States for $15 million. (3 cents/acre)
Jefferson arranged the purchase with Jefferson arranged the purchase with
the approval of the Senate.the approval of the Senate.
Territorial ExpansionTerritorial Expansion
Territorial ExpansionTerritorial ExpansionLewis & Clark Expedition (1804—1806)-Lewis & Clark Expedition (1804—1806)-
The Louisiana Purchase The Louisiana Purchase
doubled the size of the doubled the size of the
United States.United States.
Jefferson arranged Jefferson arranged
Meriwether Lewis and Meriwether Lewis and
William Clark to head the William Clark to head the
Corps of Discovery.Corps of Discovery.
His goal was to find a “direct & practicable water His goal was to find a “direct & practicable water
communication across this continent, for the purposes communication across this continent, for the purposes
commerce.”commerce.”
Territorial ExpansionTerritorial Expansion
Lewis & Clark Expedition (1804Lewis & Clark Expedition (1804
—1806)-—1806)-
The expedition began in St. The expedition began in St.
Louis and continued to the Louis and continued to the
Pacific using the Missouri Pacific using the Missouri
River as a main River as a main
transportation system (2 transportation system (2
years 4 months)years 4 months)
The expedition surveyed the The expedition surveyed the
land, created accurate maps, land, created accurate maps,
and brought back artifacts.and brought back artifacts.
The Corps of DiscoveryThe Corps of DiscoveryLewis & Clark Expedition Lewis & Clark Expedition
(1804—1806)-(1804—1806)-
The result of the The result of the
expedition led to massive expedition led to massive
settlement into northern settlement into northern
Louisiana and Oregon Louisiana and Oregon
territories.territories.
The expedition also The expedition also
blazed the future blazed the future
“Oregon Trail” used later “Oregon Trail” used later
in the 1800s.in the 1800s.
Jefferson’s Foreign PolicyJefferson’s Foreign Policy
Barbary War-Barbary War-
Jefferson committed the Navy to defending Jefferson committed the Navy to defending
shipping rights in the Mediterranean.shipping rights in the Mediterranean.
Embargo Act (1807)-Embargo Act (1807)-
Act passed by the Democratic-Republicans to cut Act passed by the Democratic-Republicans to cut
off trade with all nations in an effort to keep off trade with all nations in an effort to keep
the United States neutral.the United States neutral.
Jefferson’s Foreign PolicyJefferson’s Foreign Policy
Impressment-Impressment-
The illegal stopping, searching, and removal The illegal stopping, searching, and removal
of sailors from United States ships by the of sailors from United States ships by the
British.British.
U.S.S.U.S.S. ChesapeakeChesapeake--
United States ship which was attacked by the United States ship which was attacked by the
British in 1807.British in 1807.
Jefferson’s Foreign PolicyJefferson’s Foreign Policy
Non-Intercourse Act (1809)-Non-Intercourse Act (1809)-
Passed in the last few Passed in the last few
days of Jefferson’s days of Jefferson’s
presidency.presidency.
Overturned the Embargo Overturned the Embargo
Act of 1807.Act of 1807.
Re-established trade with Re-established trade with
European nations and led European nations and led
to continued issues with to continued issues with
the British and French.the British and French.
Jeffersonian DemocracyJeffersonian Democracy
Jefferson’s Legacy-Jefferson’s Legacy-
Thomas Jefferson’s vision Thomas Jefferson’s vision
of individualism and of individualism and
liberty brought about the liberty brought about the
era known as era known as
“Jeffersonian “Jeffersonian
Democracy.”Democracy.”
Jefferson’s vision of Jefferson’s vision of
“Manifest Destiny” was “Manifest Destiny” was
set in motion with the set in motion with the
purchase of Louisiana.purchase of Louisiana.
SSUSH6SSUSH6
c.c. Explain major reasons for Explain major reasons for
the War of 1812 and the the War of 1812 and the
war’s significance on the war’s significance on the
development of a national development of a national
identity.identity.
Election of 1808
President James MadisonPresident James Madison
44thth President President
1809—18171809—1817Party:Party: Democratic-Democratic-
RepublicanRepublican
Home State:Home State:
VirginiaVirginia
Vice President:Vice President:
George Clinton &George Clinton &
Elbridge GerryElbridge Gerry
President James MadisonPresident James Madison
DomesticDomestic
Hartford Convention Hartford Convention
(1814)(1814)
Initiated the “Age of Initiated the “Age of
Nationalism”Nationalism”
Supported Henry Supported Henry
Clay’s “American Clay’s “American
System”System”
ForeignForeign
Dealt with Native Dealt with Native
American Armed American Armed
Resistance against Resistance against
“Tecumseh”“Tecumseh”
President during the President during the
War of 1812War of 1812
Treaty of GhentTreaty of Ghent
(1814)(1814)
Preparing for WarPreparing for War
War Hawks-War Hawks-
Americans who favored war Americans who favored war
against Britain for the following against Britain for the following
reasons (generally from the reasons (generally from the
south and western regions of south and western regions of
the United States) . . . the United States) . . .
Preparing for WarPreparing for War
John C. Calhoun-John C. Calhoun-
Senator from South Carolina who Senator from South Carolina who
favored war with Britain.favored war with Britain.
Henry Clay-Henry Clay-
Representative from Kentucky who Representative from Kentucky who
favored war with Britain.favored war with Britain.
The War The War of 1812of 1812
1812-1814
USA v. Britain
War of 1812War of 1812
War of 1812-War of 1812-
War between the United War between the United
States and Britain States and Britain
(1812—1814).(1812—1814).
The United States entry The United States entry
into the war was a side-into the war was a side-
show to the larger show to the larger
worldwide conflict between worldwide conflict between
Britain and France.Britain and France.
Causes of the War of 1812Causes of the War of 1812
1. 1. British restrictions on Am. British restrictions on Am.
tradetrade
Britain began a naval Britain began a naval
blockade severely limiting blockade severely limiting
trade.trade.
Inflation and prices rose due Inflation and prices rose due
to a shortage of imports.to a shortage of imports.
Despite the shortages, New Despite the shortages, New
England began to increase England began to increase
production and output of its production and output of its
own mills and factories.own mills and factories.
Causes of the War of 1812Causes of the War of 1812
2. 2. British policy of IMPRESSMENTBritish policy of IMPRESSMENT
Taking American sailors off American ships and Taking American sailors off American ships and
forcing them to serve in the British Navyforcing them to serve in the British Navy
Causes of the War of 1812Causes of the War of 1812
3. 3. Trouble with Indians in the Trouble with Indians in the
WestWest• Indian leader Tecumseh Indian leader Tecumseh
organized tribes to defend organized tribes to defend their land from US control.their land from US control.
• His brother fought US forces His brother fought US forces at the Battle of Tippecanoe at the Battle of Tippecanoe (and lost). (and lost).
• US blames Britain for US blames Britain for encouraging the Indiansencouraging the Indians
4. 4. Drive the British out of North AmericaDrive the British out of North America
• Could we take ___________ from Could we take ___________ from Britain??Britain??
• Could we take ___________ from Could we take ___________ from Spain??Spain??
Causes of the War of 1812Causes of the War of 1812
CANADA
FLORIDA
War of 1812War of 1812
Battle of Ft. McHenry-Battle of Ft. McHenry-
United States fort which withstood a British United States fort which withstood a British
attack.attack.
Francis Scott Key-Francis Scott Key-
Author of the Star-Spangled Banner after Author of the Star-Spangled Banner after
witnessing the Battle of Ft. McHenry.witnessing the Battle of Ft. McHenry.
““Star-Spangled Banner”-Star-Spangled Banner”-
Today’s national anthem.Today’s national anthem.
War of 1812War of 1812Battle of Ft. McHenryBattle of Ft. McHenry
War of 1812War of 1812
Siege on Washington, D.C.-Siege on Washington, D.C.-
The British landed north of Baltimore and moved The British landed north of Baltimore and moved
forces around the city south to Washington, D.C.forces around the city south to Washington, D.C.
President Madison led troops to protect the city’s President Madison led troops to protect the city’s
defenses.defenses.
Despite attempts, the British marched into the Despite attempts, the British marched into the
city and burned the capitol, the Presidential city and burned the capitol, the Presidential
Mansion, and several government buildings.Mansion, and several government buildings.
The White House after the fire The White House after the fire of 1814of 1814
Washington portrait saved by Dolley
Madison
The East Room of the White House
War of 1812War of 1812Treaty of Ghent-Treaty of Ghent-
Ended the war, but did not grant any land exchanges.Ended the war, but did not grant any land exchanges.
Kept the Mississippi River open to trade and expansion Kept the Mississippi River open to trade and expansion
from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico.from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico.
Everything went back to the way it was before the war.Everything went back to the way it was before the war.
Hartford Convention-Hartford Convention-
Attempt by New England Federalists to secede from Attempt by New England Federalists to secede from
Union.Union.
It failed, and ended the Federalist Party’s popularity.It failed, and ended the Federalist Party’s popularity.
War of 1812War of 1812
Andrew Jackson-Andrew Jackson-
Tennessee General who led United States Tennessee General who led United States
forces against Native Americans at the forces against Native Americans at the
Battle of Horseshoe Bend in Alabama.Battle of Horseshoe Bend in Alabama.
Defended New Orleans against the British.Defended New Orleans against the British.
Nicknamed, “Old Hickory” due to his ability Nicknamed, “Old Hickory” due to his ability
to lead and win battles.to lead and win battles.
War of 1812War of 1812Battle of New OrleansBattle of New Orleans
War of 1812War of 1812
Battle of New Orleans-Battle of New Orleans-
Fought January 8, 1815 just weeks Fought January 8, 1815 just weeks
following the signing of the Treaty of following the signing of the Treaty of
Ghent.Ghent.
It guaranteed American interest would It guaranteed American interest would
be honored and boosted the nation’s be honored and boosted the nation’s
morale (as well as the popularity of morale (as well as the popularity of
“Old Hickory”).“Old Hickory”).
War of 1812War of 1812Results of the War-Results of the War-
1.1. Pride & PatriotismPride & Patriotism
A strong sense of Nationalism led to the “Era of Good Feelings” A strong sense of Nationalism led to the “Era of Good Feelings”
(1817—1825).(1817—1825).
A new brand of nationalist leaders arose as the last of the A new brand of nationalist leaders arose as the last of the
Revolution-class began to leave politics.Revolution-class began to leave politics.
2.2. Growth of American IndustryGrowth of American Industry
A rise in the production of American-made goods (specifically in A rise in the production of American-made goods (specifically in
New England).New England).
An explosion in the textile industry fueled the supply of cotton An explosion in the textile industry fueled the supply of cotton
by Southern planters perpetuating slavery.by Southern planters perpetuating slavery.
3.3. Development of American Culture (art, history, Development of American Culture (art, history,
literature)literature)
SSUSH6SSUSH6
d.d. Describe the construction of Describe the construction of
the Erie Canal, the rise of the Erie Canal, the rise of
New York City, and the New York City, and the
development of the nation’s development of the nation’s
infrastructure.infrastructure.
Rise of NationalismRise of NationalismHenry Clay-Henry Clay-
Nationalist leader who proposed the Nationalist leader who proposed the
“ “American System” to improve the nation.American System” to improve the nation.
““American System”-American System”- Name applied to a series Name applied to a series
of government measures to build infrastructure and of government measures to build infrastructure and
the economy to create a diversified, self-sufficient the economy to create a diversified, self-sufficient
economy.economy.
1.1. Protective tariffs to encourage American manufacturingProtective tariffs to encourage American manufacturing
2.2. New transportation systems builtNew transportation systems built
3.3. A New national bankA New national bank
Clay’s “American SystemClay’s “American System””
Internal Improvements-Internal Improvements-
Funding for canals and roads increased the Funding for canals and roads increased the
nation’s infrastructure (which connected its nation’s infrastructure (which connected its
three regions: North, South, and West.three regions: North, South, and West.
The largest projects were the National Road The largest projects were the National Road
and Erie Canal.and Erie Canal.
Clay’s “American System”Clay’s “American System”
Erie Canal-Erie Canal-
Built from Lake Erie to the Hudson Built from Lake Erie to the Hudson
River.River.
Allowed the transport of goods and Allowed the transport of goods and
people from the Mid-west to the East people from the Mid-west to the East
Coast.Coast.
Boosted economy and population.Boosted economy and population.
Erie CanalErie Canal
Erie Canal
• On the trip between the Hudson River to Lake Erie, boats rose 568 feet along the Erie Canal. Boats traveling the 363-mile stretch passed through locks such as the one shown in the diagram. The ten-foot tow path along the canal’s side was used by horses, mules, or oxen to tow each boat into the lock. Once the downstream lock gate closed, the water rose, bringing the boat to a new level. The boat then exited through the upstream lock gate to continue on its way. Why do you think the canal was considered an engineering marvel at the time?
Rise of New York CityRise of New York City• Until 1790, New York City was Until 1790, New York City was
the capital of the United States. the capital of the United States. • In the early 1800s, civic In the early 1800s, civic
development turned this development turned this colonial town into a great colonial town into a great economic center established on economic center established on a grid of city blocks.a grid of city blocks.
• By 1835, the population had By 1835, the population had grown so large that New York grown so large that New York City outpaced Philadelphia as City outpaced Philadelphia as the largest U.S. city. the largest U.S. city.
• Trade grew when the Erie Canal Trade grew when the Erie Canal made the city’s harbors the link made the city’s harbors the link between European merchants between European merchants & the great agricultural & the great agricultural markets across the markets across the Appalachians from New York Appalachians from New York City. City.
• The city was home to the The city was home to the biggest gathering of artisans & biggest gathering of artisans & crafts workers in the United crafts workers in the United States, & its banking & States, & its banking & commercial activities would commercial activities would soon make it the leading city in soon make it the leading city in all of North America.all of North America.
Clay’s “American System”Clay’s “American System”
National Road-National Road-
Built in 1811, paid for by the Nat’l Built in 1811, paid for by the Nat’l
GovernmentGovernment
Built to connect the East Coast with the Built to connect the East Coast with the
interior West.interior West.
Boosted trade and population into the Boosted trade and population into the
Mid-west and Mississippi River Valley.Mid-west and Mississippi River Valley.
SSUSH6SSUSH6
e.e. Describe the reasons for and Describe the reasons for and
the importance of the the importance of the
Monroe Doctrine (1823).Monroe Doctrine (1823).
President James MonroePresident James Monroe
55thth President President
1817—18251817—1825
Party:Party: Democratic-Democratic-
RepublicanRepublican
Home State:Home State:
VirginiaVirginia
Vice President:Vice President:
Daniel TompkinsDaniel Tompkins
President James MonroePresident James Monroe
ForeignForeign
Adams-Onis TreatyAdams-Onis Treaty
(1821)(1821)
Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine
(1823)(1823)
DomesticDomestic
President during the President during the
“Era of Good “Era of Good
Feelings”Feelings”
Dealt with the Dealt with the
economic Panic of economic Panic of
18191819
Missouri Compromise Missouri Compromise
of 1820of 1820
““Era of Good Feelings”Era of Good Feelings”
““Era of Good Feelings” (1817—1825)-Era of Good Feelings” (1817—1825)-
With the end of the War of 1812 and With the end of the War of 1812 and
decline of the Federalist Party, the decline of the Federalist Party, the
United States entered a period of United States entered a period of
nationalist pride and political unity nationalist pride and political unity
under the Democratic-Republican under the Democratic-Republican
Party.Party.
Monroe’s Foreign PolicyMonroe’s Foreign Policy
John Quincy Adams-John Quincy Adams-
Secretary of State under James Monroe.Secretary of State under James Monroe.
Adams-Onis Treaty (1821)-Adams-Onis Treaty (1821)-
Treaty with Spain in which the United Treaty with Spain in which the United
States acquired Florida.States acquired Florida.
Stipulations stated that the United States Stipulations stated that the United States
had no interest in Texas.had no interest in Texas.
Monroe’s Foreign PolicyMonroe’s Foreign Policy
Monroe’s Foreign PolicyMonroe’s Foreign Policy
Monroe Doctrine-Monroe Doctrine-
Written by Secretary of States John Quincy Written by Secretary of States John Quincy
Adams.Adams.
Stated that the United States would not Stated that the United States would not
tolerate European intervention in the affairs tolerate European intervention in the affairs
of any independent nation in the Americas. of any independent nation in the Americas.
Nor were the Americas open to European Nor were the Americas open to European
colonization.colonization.
Europe cannot create new colonies in W. Europe cannot create new colonies in W. Hemisphere or interfere with existing nationsHemisphere or interfere with existing nations
U.S. will not interfere with existing U.S. will not interfere with existing colonies in the Western Hemisphere.colonies in the Western Hemisphere.
No outside (European) Powers are to No outside (European) Powers are to interfere with the Western Hemisphere interfere with the Western Hemisphere
U.S. will not involve itself in U.S. will not involve itself in European affairsEuropean affairs
SSUSH7SSUSH7
The student will explain the The student will explain the
process of economic process of economic
growth, its regional and growth, its regional and
national impact in the first national impact in the first
half of the 19th century, half of the 19th century,
and the different responses and the different responses
to it.to it.
SSUSH7SSUSH7
a.a. Explain the impact of the Explain the impact of the
Industrial Revolution as Industrial Revolution as
seen in Eli Whitney’s seen in Eli Whitney’s
invention of the cotton gin invention of the cotton gin
and his development of and his development of
interchangeable parts for interchangeable parts for
muskets.muskets.
Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution-Industrial Revolution-
Began in Britain in the 1750s and Began in Britain in the 1750s and
marked the beginning of the marked the beginning of the
“industrial age.”“industrial age.”
The “revolution” occurred as machines The “revolution” occurred as machines
replaced man-made goods by mass replaced man-made goods by mass
production.production.
Began in the United States in the Began in the United States in the
1790s.1790s.
Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution
Samuel Slater-Samuel Slater-
British entrepreneur who established the British entrepreneur who established the
United States’ first textile (thread) United States’ first textile (thread)
mills in Rhode Island (1793).mills in Rhode Island (1793).
Francis Cabot Lowell-Francis Cabot Lowell-
Catapulted the textile industry in the Catapulted the textile industry in the
production of cloth in the mills he production of cloth in the mills he
established.established.
Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution
Labor Union-Labor Union-
Groups of workers who unite to seek better pay Groups of workers who unite to seek better pay
and safer working conditions.and safer working conditions.
Lowell Girl-Lowell Girl-
A young, single woman who worked in Lowell A young, single woman who worked in Lowell
Company town in Massachusetts.Company town in Massachusetts.
They worked in poor conditions, with low pay, They worked in poor conditions, with low pay,
and strict rules.and strict rules.
Inventors & InventionsInventors & Inventions
Eli Whitney-Eli Whitney-
New England inventor whose cotton gin New England inventor whose cotton gin
and use of interchangeable parts and use of interchangeable parts
revolutionized United States industry in revolutionized United States industry in
the 1790s.the 1790s.
Interchangeable Parts-Interchangeable Parts-
The use of replacing parts with replicas of The use of replacing parts with replicas of
original pieces (e.g. Muskets).original pieces (e.g. Muskets).
Inventors & InventionsInventors & Inventions
Cotton Gin-Cotton Gin-
Machine which allowed the Machine which allowed the
cotton to be pulled apart cotton to be pulled apart
from the seed.from the seed.
Revolutionized the cotton Revolutionized the cotton
industry by lowering the cost industry by lowering the cost
of cotton production.of cotton production.
Created “King Cotton” in the Created “King Cotton” in the
South.South.
Perpetuated slavery.Perpetuated slavery.
Inventors & InventionsInventors & Inventions
Samuel F.B. Morse-Samuel F.B. Morse-
Invented the electric Invented the electric
telegraph and code in telegraph and code in
1837 sparking a surge 1837 sparking a surge
in communications.in communications.
John Deere-John Deere-
Invented the steel plow Invented the steel plow
increasing the increasing the
production of crops on production of crops on
farms.farms.
Inventors & InventionsInventors & Inventions
Cyrus McCormick-Cyrus McCormick-
Inventor of the mechanical Inventor of the mechanical
reaper which increased reaper which increased
farm production by 1840.farm production by 1840.
Isaac Singer-Isaac Singer-
Inventor of the sewing Inventor of the sewing
machine which allowed machine which allowed
the production of the production of
clothing in the home.clothing in the home.
b.b. DescribeDescribe the westward the westward
growth of the United growth of the United
States; include the States; include the
emerging concept of emerging concept of
Manifest Destiny.Manifest Destiny.
SSUSH7SSUSH7
Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny
• 1840’s ___________ fever gripped the country
• Americans began to believe their movement westward and southward was destined and ordained by _____
• “Manifest Destiny” – John L. O’Sullivan
“the belief that the U.S.’ destiny was to expand to the ________ Ocean and into Mexican territory”
expansion
God
Pacific
Motivations for Motivations for ExpansionExpansion
• The desire of most Americans to own _______.• The discovery of ________ and other valuable
resources.• The belief that the ______ __________ was
destined to stretch across North America (Manifest Destiny).1. __________ motivations2. _______ beliefs about Native Americans and Mexican people.
gold
StatesUnited
Racist
Economic
land
M Louisiana Purchase—President Thomas Jefferson bought 900,000 miles of territory in Louisiana from France for $15 million. Lewis and Clark explored this territory.
LOUISIANA PURCHASE
1803
Indian Removal Act—in order to gain land in the West, the USA government took Native American land and relocated Indians into reservations
Manifest Destiny:the USA has the right to move West and get larger
Trail of Tears—relocation of Cherokee Indians from Georgia to Oklahoma reservations
Gold Rush—gold was discovered in California in 1849 which led to a massive movement of settlers
Mexican-American War—American settlers in Texas fight to take control of what had been Mexico-controlled Texas. The U.S. eventually adds Texas as a state. When Mexico refuses President Polk’s offer to buy Mexican land, Polk picks a fight with Mexico, thus starting the Mexican American war.
c.c. DescribeDescribe reform reform
movements, specifically movements, specifically
temperance, temperance,
abolitionism, and public abolitionism, and public
school.school.
SSUSH7SSUSH7
TEMPERANCE MOVEMENTTEMPERANCE MOVEMENT
Prohibition or limit of alcohol
ISSUE:People should
drink less alcohol or it should be
completely outlawed
The Drunkard’s The Drunkard’s ProgressProgress
IMPACT:•per capita consumption cut in half
between 1820 and 1840•Protest church organizations gain
influence•Women played a key role, leads to the women’s
movement
TEMPERANCE MOVEMENTTEMPERANCE MOVEMENT
EDUCATION REFORMEDUCATION REFORM
Horace Mann led the reforms
in Massachusetts.
Other states followed.
ISSUE:
•Many areas didn’t have free public schools•School year was short•Teachers were untrained
EDUCATION REFORMEDUCATION REFORM
reforms were still limited1. no mandatory attendance2. improvements only for white males3. South far behind Northern advances
IMPACT:•Established the right of all children to an education•More tax supported public schools•Improved education by required teachers to be trained
ABOLITIONABOLITIONDefinition: the action or an act of
abolishing a system, practice, or institution.
ISSUE: •Abolitionists wanted to outlaw
slavery.
IMPACT:•Created a very controversial political issue over the future of slavery in the
territories•Made Southerners defend slavery
more strongly.
d.d. ExplainExplain women’s efforts to women’s efforts to
gain suffrage; include gain suffrage; include
Elizabeth Cady Stanton Elizabeth Cady Stanton
and the Seneca Falls and the Seneca Falls
Conference.Conference.
SSUSH7SSUSH7
WOMEN’S RIGHTSWOMEN’S RIGHTS
Situation that existed
1. lacked legal & social equality--could not vote (suffrage) sit on
juries, own property, earn her own salary, no legal protection from abuse, not guardian of the children
2. “cult of domesticity”--women were valued as the moral guardians of the home, family, & society
WOMEN’S RIGHTSWOMEN’S RIGHTS
WHAT WOMEN WANTED:
Full citizenship•Voting rights•Parental and custody rights
KEY LEADERS:
Elizabeth Cady Stanton Lucretia Mott
SENECA FALLS SENECA FALLS CONVENTIONCONVENTION
Led by: Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stantonadopted a “Declaration of Sentiments”
•Declaration of Women’s Rights, including the right to vote (suffrage)•modeled on the Declaration of Independence
IMPACT:•very few small changes•overshadowed by the bigger issue of Abolition
Seneca Falls, NY
SSUSH7SSUSH7
e.e. ExplainExplain Jacksonian Jacksonian
Democracy, expanding Democracy, expanding
suffrage, the rise of popular suffrage, the rise of popular
political culture, and the political culture, and the
development of American development of American
nationalism.nationalism.
Election of 1824Election of 1824
Presidential Election of 1824-Presidential Election of 1824-
The rise of sectionalism began with the The rise of sectionalism began with the
election candidates:election candidates:
-- John Quincy Adams (Massachusetts)-- John Quincy Adams (Massachusetts)
-- William Crawford (Georgia)-- William Crawford (Georgia)
-- Henry Clay (Kentucky)-- Henry Clay (Kentucky)
-- Andrew Jackson (Tennessee)-- Andrew Jackson (Tennessee)
The Election was a tie and was decided by the The Election was a tie and was decided by the
House of Representatives.House of Representatives.
Election of 1824Election of 1824
““Corrupt Bargain”-Corrupt Bargain”-
Only the top three candidates of the race were Only the top three candidates of the race were
voted on by the House of Representatives.voted on by the House of Representatives.
Crawford dropped out due to health reasons.Crawford dropped out due to health reasons.
Henry Clay backed John Quincy Adams because of Henry Clay backed John Quincy Adams because of
personal feelings toward Andrew Jackson.personal feelings toward Andrew Jackson.
Clay became the Secretary of State under Adams.Clay became the Secretary of State under Adams.
Jackson supporters labeled the move a “corrupt Jackson supporters labeled the move a “corrupt
bargain.”bargain.”
President John Quincy AdamsPresident John Quincy Adams
66thth President President
1825—18291825—1829Party:Party: National-RepublicanNational-Republican
Home State:Home State:
MassachusettsMassachusetts
Vice President:Vice President:
John C. CalhounJohn C. Calhoun
President John Quincy AdamsPresident John Quincy Adams
Domestic Domestic
Election of 1824 Election of 1824
decided by the House of decided by the House of
RepresentativesRepresentatives
Accused of a “Corrupt Accused of a “Corrupt
Bargain” by JacksoniansBargain” by Jacksonians
Nicknamed “Old man Nicknamed “Old man
Eloquent”Eloquent”
ForeignForeign
Political Revolutions in Political Revolutions in
Mexico and South Mexico and South
AmericaAmerica
Adams’ UnpopularityAdams’ Unpopularity
Unpopular Presidency-Unpopular Presidency-
Adams’ presidency was Adams’ presidency was
very disappointing as very disappointing as
Andrew Jackson’s Andrew Jackson’s
supporters in Congress supporters in Congress
made life difficult for made life difficult for
the new president.the new president.
Led to a very contested Led to a very contested
race in 1828.race in 1828.
Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson
Rise of DemocracyRise of Democracy
Rise of the Jacksonians-Rise of the Jacksonians-
Jackson’s supporters generally were southerners Jackson’s supporters generally were southerners
and westerners who favored “universal and westerners who favored “universal
suffrage” who favored the right to vote for all suffrage” who favored the right to vote for all
white males, not just land owners.white males, not just land owners.
Caucus-Caucus-
A closed meeting of party members for the A closed meeting of party members for the
purpose of choosing a candidate.purpose of choosing a candidate.
Election of 1828Election of 1828
Presidential Election of 1828-Presidential Election of 1828-
The race was heated as both Jacksonians The race was heated as both Jacksonians
and supporters of Adams traded and supporters of Adams traded
negative ads in newspapers.negative ads in newspapers.
The challenger, Jackson, carried the The challenger, Jackson, carried the
South and the West, while the South and the West, while the
incumbent, Adams, carried New England.incumbent, Adams, carried New England.
Jackson easily won the presidency.Jackson easily won the presidency.
President Andrew JacksonPresident Andrew Jackson
77thth President President
1829—18371829—1837
Party:Party: DemocraticDemocratic
Home State:Home State:
TennesseeTennessee
Vice President:Vice President:
John C. Calhoun &John C. Calhoun &
Martin Van BurenMartin Van Buren
President Andrew JacksonPresident Andrew Jackson
ForeignForeign
Texas Revolution Texas Revolution
(1835)(1835)
Annexation Debate Annexation Debate
over Texas (1835—over Texas (1835—
1837)1837)
DomesticDomestic
Indian Removal Act of Indian Removal Act of
18301830
““Nullification Crisis” Nullification Crisis”
(1830—1832)(1830—1832)
(Second) National Bank (Second) National Bank
War (1832--1837)War (1832--1837)
““Trail of Tears” (1836—Trail of Tears” (1836—
37)37)
Formed the Democratic Formed the Democratic
Party (1832)Party (1832)
Nickname – “Old Nickname – “Old
Hickory”Hickory”
Jacksonian DemocracyJacksonian Democracy
Spoils System-Spoils System-
The policy of rewarding political supporters The policy of rewarding political supporters
with positions within the government.with positions within the government.
Democratic Party-Democratic Party-
Jackson’s supporters broke with the Jackson’s supporters broke with the
Democratic-Republicans and formed the Democratic-Republicans and formed the
modern-day Democratic Party.modern-day Democratic Party.
War on Native AmericansWar on Native Americans
Indian Removal Act of 1830-Indian Removal Act of 1830-
Under the Act, the United States forced Native Under the Act, the United States forced Native
Americans off its traditional lands in support Americans off its traditional lands in support
of white settlement.of white settlement.
Native Americans were forced west of the Native Americans were forced west of the
Mississippi River.Mississippi River.
Fighting broke out, but many nations Fighting broke out, but many nations
peaceably migrated.peaceably migrated.
War on Native AmericansWar on Native AmericansIndian Removal Act of 1830-Indian Removal Act of 1830-
War on Native AmericansWar on Native Americans
Worcester v. GeorgiaWorcester v. Georgia (1832)- (1832)-
Supreme Court case which supported the Supreme Court case which supported the
Cherokee Nation to remain in Georgia, but Cherokee Nation to remain in Georgia, but
Jackson snubbed the decision.Jackson snubbed the decision.
Chief Justice John Marshall battled Jackson Chief Justice John Marshall battled Jackson
in a war of words over the decision.in a war of words over the decision.
War on Native AmericansWar on Native Americans
Trail of Tears (1837—38)-Trail of Tears (1837—38)-
Forced relocation of Georgia’s Cherokee Forced relocation of Georgia’s Cherokee
Nation to Oklahoma.Nation to Oklahoma.
During the forced migration, nearly 25% During the forced migration, nearly 25%
died due to disease and starvation.died due to disease and starvation.
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