Unit 3 Standard 6 Notes: Expansion SSUSH6 The student will analyze the nature of territorial and population growth and the impact of this growth in the

Unit 3Unit 3Standard 6 Standard 6

Notes:Notes:

ExpansionExpansion

SSUSH6SSUSH6

The student will analyze the The student will analyze the

nature of territorial and nature of territorial and

population growth and the population growth and the

impact of this growth in the impact of this growth in the

early decades of the new early decades of the new

nation.nation.

SSUSH6SSUSH6

a.a. Explain the Northwest Explain the Northwest

Ordinance of 1787 and its Ordinance of 1787 and its

importance in the westward importance in the westward

migration of Americans, migration of Americans,

slavery, public education, slavery, public education,

and the addition of new and the addition of new

states.states.

Territorial GrowthTerritorial Growth

The Northwest The Northwest

Ordinance of 1787-Ordinance of 1787-

The law which divided The law which divided

land into smaller land into smaller

territories.territories.

New States-New States-

The NW Ordinance also The NW Ordinance also

provided guidelines provided guidelines

under which new under which new

states could enter states could enter

the Union.the Union.

Northwest Ordinance 1787Process for becoming a STATE:

1.UNORGANIZED TERRITORY

2.ORGANIZED TERRITORY

• Congress appoints a Governor.

• When population reached 5,000 adult male landowners elect territorial legislature.

3.STATEHOOD

• When population reached 60,000 people write constitution and ask CONGRESS to admit them as a state

Territorial GrowthTerritorial Growth

Slavery-Slavery-

Under the NW Ordinance, slavery was outlawed Under the NW Ordinance, slavery was outlawed

north of the Ohio River (in NW Territory).north of the Ohio River (in NW Territory).

Education-Education-

To promote individualism and patriotism, leaders To promote individualism and patriotism, leaders

sought to expand education through tax-sought to expand education through tax-

supported schools. In short, the NW Ordinance supported schools. In short, the NW Ordinance

gave money for education in the NW Territory.gave money for education in the NW Territory.

Northwest Ordinance 1787

• Important because new states were added fully equal to the original 13.

•All additional 37 states were added using this process.

SSUSH6SSUSH6

b.b. Describe Jefferson’s Describe Jefferson’s

diplomacy in obtaining the diplomacy in obtaining the

Louisiana Purchase (1803) Louisiana Purchase (1803)

from France and the from France and the

territory’s exploration by territory’s exploration by

Lewis and ClarkLewis and Clark ..

Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

33rdrd President President

1801—18091801—1809

Party:Party: Democratic-Democratic-RepublicanRepublican

Home State:Home State:

VirginiaVirginia

Vice President:Vice President:

Aaron Burr & Aaron Burr &

George ClintonGeorge Clinton

Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

DomesticDomestic

Reduced the size of Reduced the size of

federal government federal government

(1801)(1801)

Repealed Repealed Alien Alien & &

SeditionSedition Acts (1801) Acts (1801)

Dealt with Marshall Dealt with Marshall

Court (1801—1809)Court (1801—1809)

Corps of Discovery Corps of Discovery

(1804—1806)(1804—1806)

ForeignForeign

Louisiana Purchase Louisiana Purchase

(1803)(1803)

Barbary War (1801—Barbary War (1801—

1805)1805)

Embargo ActEmbargo Act (1807) (1807)

Non-Intercourse ActNon-Intercourse Act

(1809)(1809)

Jefferson’s PresidencyJefferson’s Presidency

Bureaucracy-Bureaucracy-

Jefferson cut the national government’s size Jefferson cut the national government’s size

which grew under the Federalists in the which grew under the Federalists in the

1790s.1790s.

John Marshall-John Marshall-

Selected as the Supreme Court Chief Selected as the Supreme Court Chief

Justice by John Adams.Justice by John Adams.

Carried the torch of Federalist ideals (1801Carried the torch of Federalist ideals (1801

—1835). —1835).

Jefferson’s PresidencyJefferson’s Presidency

Judicial Review-Judicial Review-

The power of the Supreme Court to declare acts The power of the Supreme Court to declare acts

of Congress unconstitutional.of Congress unconstitutional.

Marbury v. MadisonMarbury v. Madison (1803)- (1803)-

Supreme Court case which authorized the Supreme Court case which authorized the

Supreme Court’s power of Judicial Review.Supreme Court’s power of Judicial Review.

Territorial ExpansionTerritorial Expansion

Louisiana Purchase (1803)-Louisiana Purchase (1803)-

Began when a slave revolt in Haiti Began when a slave revolt in Haiti

resulted in Napoleon’s desire for funds.resulted in Napoleon’s desire for funds.

France offered Louisiana to the United France offered Louisiana to the United

States for $15 million. (3 cents/acre)States for $15 million. (3 cents/acre)

Jefferson arranged the purchase with Jefferson arranged the purchase with

the approval of the Senate.the approval of the Senate.


Territorial ExpansionTerritorial ExpansionLewis & Clark Expedition (1804—1806)-Lewis & Clark Expedition (1804—1806)-

The Louisiana Purchase The Louisiana Purchase

doubled the size of the doubled the size of the

United States.United States.

Jefferson arranged Jefferson arranged

Meriwether Lewis and Meriwether Lewis and

William Clark to head the William Clark to head the

Corps of Discovery.Corps of Discovery.

His goal was to find a “direct & practicable water His goal was to find a “direct & practicable water

communication across this continent, for the purposes communication across this continent, for the purposes

commerce.”commerce.”


Lewis & Clark Expedition (1804Lewis & Clark Expedition (1804

—1806)-—1806)-

The expedition began in St. The expedition began in St.

Louis and continued to the Louis and continued to the

Pacific using the Missouri Pacific using the Missouri

River as a main River as a main

transportation system (2 transportation system (2

years 4 months)years 4 months)

The expedition surveyed the The expedition surveyed the

land, created accurate maps, land, created accurate maps,

and brought back artifacts.and brought back artifacts.

The Corps of DiscoveryThe Corps of DiscoveryLewis & Clark Expedition Lewis & Clark Expedition

(1804—1806)-(1804—1806)-

The result of the The result of the

expedition led to massive expedition led to massive

settlement into northern settlement into northern

Louisiana and Oregon Louisiana and Oregon

territories.territories.

The expedition also The expedition also

blazed the future blazed the future

“Oregon Trail” used later “Oregon Trail” used later

in the 1800s.in the 1800s.

Sacagawea – acted as their guide

http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/inside/idx_equ.html

Jefferson’s Foreign PolicyJefferson’s Foreign Policy

Barbary War-Barbary War-

Jefferson committed the Navy to defending Jefferson committed the Navy to defending

shipping rights in the Mediterranean.shipping rights in the Mediterranean.

Embargo Act (1807)-Embargo Act (1807)-

Act passed by the Democratic-Republicans to cut Act passed by the Democratic-Republicans to cut

off trade with all nations in an effort to keep off trade with all nations in an effort to keep

the United States neutral.the United States neutral.


Impressment-Impressment-

The illegal stopping, searching, and removal The illegal stopping, searching, and removal

of sailors from United States ships by the of sailors from United States ships by the

British.British.

U.S.S.U.S.S. ChesapeakeChesapeake--

United States ship which was attacked by the United States ship which was attacked by the

British in 1807.British in 1807.


Non-Intercourse Act (1809)-Non-Intercourse Act (1809)-

Passed in the last few Passed in the last few

days of Jefferson’s days of Jefferson’s

presidency.presidency.

Overturned the Embargo Overturned the Embargo

Act of 1807.Act of 1807.

Re-established trade with Re-established trade with

European nations and led European nations and led

to continued issues with to continued issues with

the British and French.the British and French.

Jeffersonian DemocracyJeffersonian Democracy

Jefferson’s Legacy-Jefferson’s Legacy-

Thomas Jefferson’s vision Thomas Jefferson’s vision

of individualism and of individualism and

liberty brought about the liberty brought about the

era known as era known as

“Jeffersonian “Jeffersonian

Democracy.”Democracy.”

Jefferson’s vision of Jefferson’s vision of

“Manifest Destiny” was “Manifest Destiny” was

set in motion with the set in motion with the

purchase of Louisiana.purchase of Louisiana.

SSUSH6SSUSH6

c.c. Explain major reasons for Explain major reasons for

the War of 1812 and the the War of 1812 and the

war’s significance on the war’s significance on the

development of a national development of a national

identity.identity.

Election of 1808

President James MadisonPresident James Madison

44thth President President

1809—18171809—1817Party:Party: Democratic-Democratic-

RepublicanRepublican


VirginiaVirginia


George Clinton &George Clinton &

Elbridge GerryElbridge Gerry

President James MadisonPresident James Madison

DomesticDomestic

Hartford Convention Hartford Convention

(1814)(1814)

Initiated the “Age of Initiated the “Age of

Nationalism”Nationalism”

Supported Henry Supported Henry

Clay’s “American Clay’s “American

System”System”

ForeignForeign

Dealt with Native Dealt with Native

American Armed American Armed

Resistance against Resistance against

“Tecumseh”“Tecumseh”

President during the President during the

War of 1812War of 1812

Treaty of GhentTreaty of Ghent

(1814)(1814)

Preparing for WarPreparing for War

War Hawks-War Hawks-

Americans who favored war Americans who favored war

against Britain for the following against Britain for the following

reasons (generally from the reasons (generally from the

south and western regions of south and western regions of

the United States) . . . the United States) . . .

Preparing for WarPreparing for War

John C. Calhoun-John C. Calhoun-

Senator from South Carolina who Senator from South Carolina who

favored war with Britain.favored war with Britain.

Henry Clay-Henry Clay-

Representative from Kentucky who Representative from Kentucky who

favored war with Britain.favored war with Britain.

The War The War of 1812of 1812

1812-1814

USA v. Britain


War of 1812-War of 1812-

War between the United War between the United

States and Britain States and Britain

(1812—1814).(1812—1814).

The United States entry The United States entry

into the war was a side-into the war was a side-

show to the larger show to the larger

worldwide conflict between worldwide conflict between

Britain and France.Britain and France.

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nps.gov/archive/fomc/tguide/ssbannerT.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.nps.gov/archive/fomc/tguide/Lesson8a.htm&h=533&w=800&sz=23&hl=en&start=9&um=1&tbnid=eKEk1DkDmAb8cM:&tbnh=95&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Damerican%2Bflag%2Bduring%2Bthe%2Bwar%2Bof%2B1812%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

Causes of the War of 1812Causes of the War of 1812

1. 1. British restrictions on Am. British restrictions on Am.

tradetrade

Britain began a naval Britain began a naval

blockade severely limiting blockade severely limiting

trade.trade.

Inflation and prices rose due Inflation and prices rose due

to a shortage of imports.to a shortage of imports.

Despite the shortages, New Despite the shortages, New

England began to increase England began to increase

production and output of its production and output of its

own mills and factories.own mills and factories.


2. 2. British policy of IMPRESSMENTBritish policy of IMPRESSMENT

Taking American sailors off American ships and Taking American sailors off American ships and

forcing them to serve in the British Navyforcing them to serve in the British Navy


3. 3. Trouble with Indians in the Trouble with Indians in the

WestWest• Indian leader Tecumseh Indian leader Tecumseh

organized tribes to defend organized tribes to defend their land from US control.their land from US control.

• His brother fought US forces His brother fought US forces at the Battle of Tippecanoe at the Battle of Tippecanoe (and lost). (and lost).

• US blames Britain for US blames Britain for encouraging the Indiansencouraging the Indians

4. 4. Drive the British out of North AmericaDrive the British out of North America

• Could we take ___________ from Could we take ___________ from Britain??Britain??

• Could we take ___________ from Could we take ___________ from Spain??Spain??


CANADA

FLORIDA


Battle of Ft. McHenry-Battle of Ft. McHenry-

United States fort which withstood a British United States fort which withstood a British

attack.attack.

Francis Scott Key-Francis Scott Key-

Author of the Star-Spangled Banner after Author of the Star-Spangled Banner after

witnessing the Battle of Ft. McHenry.witnessing the Battle of Ft. McHenry.

““Star-Spangled Banner”-Star-Spangled Banner”-

Today’s national anthem.Today’s national anthem.

War of 1812War of 1812Battle of Ft. McHenryBattle of Ft. McHenry


Siege on Washington, D.C.-Siege on Washington, D.C.-

The British landed north of Baltimore and moved The British landed north of Baltimore and moved

forces around the city south to Washington, D.C.forces around the city south to Washington, D.C.

President Madison led troops to protect the city’s President Madison led troops to protect the city’s

defenses.defenses.

Despite attempts, the British marched into the Despite attempts, the British marched into the

city and burned the capitol, the Presidential city and burned the capitol, the Presidential

Mansion, and several government buildings.Mansion, and several government buildings.

The White House after the fire The White House after the fire of 1814of 1814

Washington portrait saved by Dolley

Madison

The East Room of the White House

War of 1812War of 1812Treaty of Ghent-Treaty of Ghent-

Ended the war, but did not grant any land exchanges.Ended the war, but did not grant any land exchanges.

Kept the Mississippi River open to trade and expansion Kept the Mississippi River open to trade and expansion

from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico.from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico.

Everything went back to the way it was before the war.Everything went back to the way it was before the war.

Hartford Convention-Hartford Convention-

Attempt by New England Federalists to secede from Attempt by New England Federalists to secede from

Union.Union.

It failed, and ended the Federalist Party’s popularity.It failed, and ended the Federalist Party’s popularity.


Andrew Jackson-Andrew Jackson-

Tennessee General who led United States Tennessee General who led United States

forces against Native Americans at the forces against Native Americans at the

Battle of Horseshoe Bend in Alabama.Battle of Horseshoe Bend in Alabama.

Defended New Orleans against the British.Defended New Orleans against the British.

Nicknamed, “Old Hickory” due to his ability Nicknamed, “Old Hickory” due to his ability

to lead and win battles.to lead and win battles.

War of 1812War of 1812Battle of New OrleansBattle of New Orleans


Battle of New Orleans-Battle of New Orleans-

Fought January 8, 1815 just weeks Fought January 8, 1815 just weeks

following the signing of the Treaty of following the signing of the Treaty of

Ghent.Ghent.

It guaranteed American interest would It guaranteed American interest would

be honored and boosted the nation’s be honored and boosted the nation’s

morale (as well as the popularity of morale (as well as the popularity of

“Old Hickory”).“Old Hickory”).

War of 1812War of 1812Results of the War-Results of the War-

1.1. Pride & PatriotismPride & Patriotism

A strong sense of Nationalism led to the “Era of Good Feelings” A strong sense of Nationalism led to the “Era of Good Feelings”

(1817—1825).(1817—1825).

A new brand of nationalist leaders arose as the last of the A new brand of nationalist leaders arose as the last of the

Revolution-class began to leave politics.Revolution-class began to leave politics.

2.2. Growth of American IndustryGrowth of American Industry

A rise in the production of American-made goods (specifically in A rise in the production of American-made goods (specifically in

New England).New England).

An explosion in the textile industry fueled the supply of cotton An explosion in the textile industry fueled the supply of cotton

by Southern planters perpetuating slavery.by Southern planters perpetuating slavery.

3.3. Development of American Culture (art, history, Development of American Culture (art, history,

literature)literature)

SSUSH6SSUSH6

d.d. Describe the construction of Describe the construction of

the Erie Canal, the rise of the Erie Canal, the rise of

New York City, and the New York City, and the

development of the nation’s development of the nation’s

infrastructure.infrastructure.

Rise of NationalismRise of NationalismHenry Clay-Henry Clay-

Nationalist leader who proposed the Nationalist leader who proposed the

“ “American System” to improve the nation.American System” to improve the nation.

““American System”-American System”- Name applied to a series Name applied to a series

of government measures to build infrastructure and of government measures to build infrastructure and

the economy to create a diversified, self-sufficient the economy to create a diversified, self-sufficient

economy.economy.

1.1. Protective tariffs to encourage American manufacturingProtective tariffs to encourage American manufacturing

2.2. New transportation systems builtNew transportation systems built

3.3. A New national bankA New national bank

Clay’s “American SystemClay’s “American System””

Internal Improvements-Internal Improvements-

Funding for canals and roads increased the Funding for canals and roads increased the

nation’s infrastructure (which connected its nation’s infrastructure (which connected its

three regions: North, South, and West.three regions: North, South, and West.

The largest projects were the National Road The largest projects were the National Road

and Erie Canal.and Erie Canal.

Clay’s “American System”Clay’s “American System”

Erie Canal-Erie Canal-

Built from Lake Erie to the Hudson Built from Lake Erie to the Hudson

River.River.

Allowed the transport of goods and Allowed the transport of goods and

people from the Mid-west to the East people from the Mid-west to the East

Coast.Coast.

Boosted economy and population.Boosted economy and population.

Erie CanalErie Canal

Erie Canal

• On the trip between the Hudson River to Lake Erie, boats rose 568 feet along the Erie Canal. Boats traveling the 363-mile stretch passed through locks such as the one shown in the diagram. The ten-foot tow path along the canal’s side was used by horses, mules, or oxen to tow each boat into the lock. Once the downstream lock gate closed, the water rose, bringing the boat to a new level. The boat then exited through the upstream lock gate to continue on its way. Why do you think the canal was considered an engineering marvel at the time?

Rise of New York CityRise of New York City• Until 1790, New York City was Until 1790, New York City was

the capital of the United States. the capital of the United States. • In the early 1800s, civic In the early 1800s, civic

development turned this development turned this colonial town into a great colonial town into a great economic center established on economic center established on a grid of city blocks.a grid of city blocks.

• By 1835, the population had By 1835, the population had grown so large that New York grown so large that New York City outpaced Philadelphia as City outpaced Philadelphia as the largest U.S. city. the largest U.S. city.

• Trade grew when the Erie Canal Trade grew when the Erie Canal made the city’s harbors the link made the city’s harbors the link between European merchants between European merchants & the great agricultural & the great agricultural markets across the markets across the Appalachians from New York Appalachians from New York City. City.

• The city was home to the The city was home to the biggest gathering of artisans & biggest gathering of artisans & crafts workers in the United crafts workers in the United States, & its banking & States, & its banking & commercial activities would commercial activities would soon make it the leading city in soon make it the leading city in all of North America.all of North America.

Clay’s “American System”Clay’s “American System”

National Road-National Road-

Built in 1811, paid for by the Nat’l Built in 1811, paid for by the Nat’l

GovernmentGovernment

Built to connect the East Coast with the Built to connect the East Coast with the

interior West.interior West.

Boosted trade and population into the Boosted trade and population into the

Mid-west and Mississippi River Valley.Mid-west and Mississippi River Valley.

SSUSH6SSUSH6

e.e. Describe the reasons for and Describe the reasons for and

the importance of the the importance of the

Monroe Doctrine (1823).Monroe Doctrine (1823).

President James MonroePresident James Monroe


1817—18251817—1825

Party:Party: Democratic-Democratic-

RepublicanRepublican


VirginiaVirginia


Daniel TompkinsDaniel Tompkins

President James MonroePresident James Monroe

ForeignForeign

Adams-Onis TreatyAdams-Onis Treaty

(1821)(1821)

Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine

(1823)(1823)

DomesticDomestic

President during the President during the

“Era of Good “Era of Good

Feelings”Feelings”

Dealt with the Dealt with the

economic Panic of economic Panic of

18191819

Missouri Compromise Missouri Compromise

of 1820of 1820

““Era of Good Feelings”Era of Good Feelings”

““Era of Good Feelings” (1817—1825)-Era of Good Feelings” (1817—1825)-

With the end of the War of 1812 and With the end of the War of 1812 and

decline of the Federalist Party, the decline of the Federalist Party, the

United States entered a period of United States entered a period of

nationalist pride and political unity nationalist pride and political unity

under the Democratic-Republican under the Democratic-Republican

Party.Party.

Monroe’s Foreign PolicyMonroe’s Foreign Policy

John Quincy Adams-John Quincy Adams-

Secretary of State under James Monroe.Secretary of State under James Monroe.

Adams-Onis Treaty (1821)-Adams-Onis Treaty (1821)-

Treaty with Spain in which the United Treaty with Spain in which the United

States acquired Florida.States acquired Florida.

Stipulations stated that the United States Stipulations stated that the United States

had no interest in Texas.had no interest in Texas.



Monroe Doctrine-Monroe Doctrine-

Written by Secretary of States John Quincy Written by Secretary of States John Quincy

Adams.Adams.

Stated that the United States would not Stated that the United States would not

tolerate European intervention in the affairs tolerate European intervention in the affairs

of any independent nation in the Americas. of any independent nation in the Americas.

Nor were the Americas open to European Nor were the Americas open to European

colonization.colonization.

Europe cannot create new colonies in W. Europe cannot create new colonies in W. Hemisphere or interfere with existing nationsHemisphere or interfere with existing nations

U.S. will not interfere with existing U.S. will not interfere with existing colonies in the Western Hemisphere.colonies in the Western Hemisphere.

No outside (European) Powers are to No outside (European) Powers are to interfere with the Western Hemisphere interfere with the Western Hemisphere

U.S. will not involve itself in U.S. will not involve itself in European affairsEuropean affairs

SSUSH7SSUSH7

The student will explain the The student will explain the

process of economic process of economic

growth, its regional and growth, its regional and

national impact in the first national impact in the first

half of the 19th century, half of the 19th century,

and the different responses and the different responses

to it.to it.

SSUSH7SSUSH7

a.a. Explain the impact of the Explain the impact of the

Industrial Revolution as Industrial Revolution as

seen in Eli Whitney’s seen in Eli Whitney’s

invention of the cotton gin invention of the cotton gin

and his development of and his development of

interchangeable parts for interchangeable parts for

muskets.muskets.

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution-Industrial Revolution-

Began in Britain in the 1750s and Began in Britain in the 1750s and

marked the beginning of the marked the beginning of the

“industrial age.”“industrial age.”

The “revolution” occurred as machines The “revolution” occurred as machines

replaced man-made goods by mass replaced man-made goods by mass

production.production.

Began in the United States in the Began in the United States in the

1790s.1790s.


Samuel Slater-Samuel Slater-

British entrepreneur who established the British entrepreneur who established the

United States’ first textile (thread) United States’ first textile (thread)

mills in Rhode Island (1793).mills in Rhode Island (1793).

Francis Cabot Lowell-Francis Cabot Lowell-

Catapulted the textile industry in the Catapulted the textile industry in the

production of cloth in the mills he production of cloth in the mills he

established.established.


Labor Union-Labor Union-

Groups of workers who unite to seek better pay Groups of workers who unite to seek better pay

and safer working conditions.and safer working conditions.

Lowell Girl-Lowell Girl-

A young, single woman who worked in Lowell A young, single woman who worked in Lowell

Company town in Massachusetts.Company town in Massachusetts.

They worked in poor conditions, with low pay, They worked in poor conditions, with low pay,

and strict rules.and strict rules.

Inventors & InventionsInventors & Inventions

Eli Whitney-Eli Whitney-

New England inventor whose cotton gin New England inventor whose cotton gin

and use of interchangeable parts and use of interchangeable parts

revolutionized United States industry in revolutionized United States industry in

the 1790s.the 1790s.

Interchangeable Parts-Interchangeable Parts-

The use of replacing parts with replicas of The use of replacing parts with replicas of

original pieces (e.g. Muskets).original pieces (e.g. Muskets).


Cotton Gin-Cotton Gin-

Machine which allowed the Machine which allowed the

cotton to be pulled apart cotton to be pulled apart

from the seed.from the seed.

Revolutionized the cotton Revolutionized the cotton

industry by lowering the cost industry by lowering the cost

of cotton production.of cotton production.

Created “King Cotton” in the Created “King Cotton” in the

South.South.

Perpetuated slavery.Perpetuated slavery.


Samuel F.B. Morse-Samuel F.B. Morse-

Invented the electric Invented the electric

telegraph and code in telegraph and code in

1837 sparking a surge 1837 sparking a surge

in communications.in communications.

John Deere-John Deere-

Invented the steel plow Invented the steel plow

increasing the increasing the

production of crops on production of crops on

farms.farms.


Cyrus McCormick-Cyrus McCormick-

Inventor of the mechanical Inventor of the mechanical

reaper which increased reaper which increased

farm production by 1840.farm production by 1840.

Isaac Singer-Isaac Singer-

Inventor of the sewing Inventor of the sewing

machine which allowed machine which allowed

the production of the production of

clothing in the home.clothing in the home.

b.b. DescribeDescribe the westward the westward

growth of the United growth of the United

States; include the States; include the

emerging concept of emerging concept of

Manifest Destiny.Manifest Destiny.

SSUSH7SSUSH7

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny

• 1840’s ___________ fever gripped the country

• Americans began to believe their movement westward and southward was destined and ordained by _____

• “Manifest Destiny” – John L. O’Sullivan

“the belief that the U.S.’ destiny was to expand to the ________ Ocean and into Mexican territory”

expansion

God

Pacific

Motivations for Motivations for ExpansionExpansion

• The desire of most Americans to own _______.• The discovery of ________ and other valuable

resources.• The belief that the ______ __________ was

destined to stretch across North America (Manifest Destiny).1. __________ motivations2. _______ beliefs about Native Americans and Mexican people.

gold

StatesUnited

Racist

Economic

land

M Louisiana Purchase—President Thomas Jefferson bought 900,000 miles of territory in Louisiana from France for $15 million. Lewis and Clark explored this territory.

LOUISIANA PURCHASE

1803

Indian Removal Act—in order to gain land in the West, the USA government took Native American land and relocated Indians into reservations

Manifest Destiny:the USA has the right to move West and get larger

Trail of Tears—relocation of Cherokee Indians from Georgia to Oklahoma reservations

Gold Rush—gold was discovered in California in 1849 which led to a massive movement of settlers

Mexican-American War—American settlers in Texas fight to take control of what had been Mexico-controlled Texas. The U.S. eventually adds Texas as a state. When Mexico refuses President Polk’s offer to buy Mexican land, Polk picks a fight with Mexico, thus starting the Mexican American war.

c.c. DescribeDescribe reform reform

movements, specifically movements, specifically

temperance, temperance,

abolitionism, and public abolitionism, and public

school.school.

SSUSH7SSUSH7

TEMPERANCE MOVEMENTTEMPERANCE MOVEMENT

Prohibition or limit of alcohol

ISSUE:People should

drink less alcohol or it should be

completely outlawed

The Drunkard’s The Drunkard’s ProgressProgress

IMPACT:•per capita consumption cut in half

between 1820 and 1840•Protest church organizations gain

influence•Women played a key role, leads to the women’s

movement

TEMPERANCE MOVEMENTTEMPERANCE MOVEMENT

EDUCATION REFORMEDUCATION REFORM

Horace Mann led the reforms

in Massachusetts.

Other states followed.

ISSUE:

•Many areas didn’t have free public schools•School year was short•Teachers were untrained

EDUCATION REFORMEDUCATION REFORM

reforms were still limited1. no mandatory attendance2. improvements only for white males3. South far behind Northern advances

IMPACT:•Established the right of all children to an education•More tax supported public schools•Improved education by required teachers to be trained

ABOLITIONABOLITIONDefinition: the action or an act of

abolishing a system, practice, or institution.

ISSUE: •Abolitionists wanted to outlaw

slavery.

IMPACT:•Created a very controversial political issue over the future of slavery in the

territories•Made Southerners defend slavery

more strongly.

d.d. ExplainExplain women’s efforts to women’s efforts to

gain suffrage; include gain suffrage; include

Elizabeth Cady Stanton Elizabeth Cady Stanton

and the Seneca Falls and the Seneca Falls

Conference.Conference.

SSUSH7SSUSH7

WOMEN’S RIGHTSWOMEN’S RIGHTS

Situation that existed

1. lacked legal & social equality--could not vote (suffrage) sit on

juries, own property, earn her own salary, no legal protection from abuse, not guardian of the children

2. “cult of domesticity”--women were valued as the moral guardians of the home, family, & society

WOMEN’S RIGHTSWOMEN’S RIGHTS

WHAT WOMEN WANTED:

Full citizenship•Voting rights•Parental and custody rights

KEY LEADERS:

Elizabeth Cady Stanton Lucretia Mott

SENECA FALLS SENECA FALLS CONVENTIONCONVENTION

Led by: Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stantonadopted a “Declaration of Sentiments”

•Declaration of Women’s Rights, including the right to vote (suffrage)•modeled on the Declaration of Independence

IMPACT:•very few small changes•overshadowed by the bigger issue of Abolition

Seneca Falls, NY

SSUSH7SSUSH7

e.e. ExplainExplain Jacksonian Jacksonian

Democracy, expanding Democracy, expanding

suffrage, the rise of popular suffrage, the rise of popular

political culture, and the political culture, and the

development of American development of American

nationalism.nationalism.

Election of 1824Election of 1824

Presidential Election of 1824-Presidential Election of 1824-

The rise of sectionalism began with the The rise of sectionalism began with the

election candidates:election candidates:

-- John Quincy Adams (Massachusetts)-- John Quincy Adams (Massachusetts)

-- William Crawford (Georgia)-- William Crawford (Georgia)

-- Henry Clay (Kentucky)-- Henry Clay (Kentucky)

-- Andrew Jackson (Tennessee)-- Andrew Jackson (Tennessee)

The Election was a tie and was decided by the The Election was a tie and was decided by the

House of Representatives.House of Representatives.


““Corrupt Bargain”-Corrupt Bargain”-

Only the top three candidates of the race were Only the top three candidates of the race were

voted on by the House of Representatives.voted on by the House of Representatives.

Crawford dropped out due to health reasons.Crawford dropped out due to health reasons.

Henry Clay backed John Quincy Adams because of Henry Clay backed John Quincy Adams because of

personal feelings toward Andrew Jackson.personal feelings toward Andrew Jackson.

Clay became the Secretary of State under Adams.Clay became the Secretary of State under Adams.

Jackson supporters labeled the move a “corrupt Jackson supporters labeled the move a “corrupt

bargain.”bargain.”

President John Quincy AdamsPresident John Quincy Adams


1825—18291825—1829Party:Party: National-RepublicanNational-Republican


MassachusettsMassachusetts


John C. CalhounJohn C. Calhoun

President John Quincy AdamsPresident John Quincy Adams

Domestic Domestic

Election of 1824 Election of 1824

decided by the House of decided by the House of

RepresentativesRepresentatives

Accused of a “Corrupt Accused of a “Corrupt

Bargain” by JacksoniansBargain” by Jacksonians

Nicknamed “Old man Nicknamed “Old man

Eloquent”Eloquent”

ForeignForeign

Political Revolutions in Political Revolutions in

Mexico and South Mexico and South

AmericaAmerica

Adams’ UnpopularityAdams’ Unpopularity

Unpopular Presidency-Unpopular Presidency-

Adams’ presidency was Adams’ presidency was

very disappointing as very disappointing as

Andrew Jackson’s Andrew Jackson’s

supporters in Congress supporters in Congress

made life difficult for made life difficult for

the new president.the new president.

Led to a very contested Led to a very contested

race in 1828.race in 1828.

Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson

Rise of DemocracyRise of Democracy

Rise of the Jacksonians-Rise of the Jacksonians-

Jackson’s supporters generally were southerners Jackson’s supporters generally were southerners

and westerners who favored “universal and westerners who favored “universal

suffrage” who favored the right to vote for all suffrage” who favored the right to vote for all

white males, not just land owners.white males, not just land owners.

Caucus-Caucus-

A closed meeting of party members for the A closed meeting of party members for the

purpose of choosing a candidate.purpose of choosing a candidate.


Presidential Election of 1828-Presidential Election of 1828-

The race was heated as both Jacksonians The race was heated as both Jacksonians

and supporters of Adams traded and supporters of Adams traded

negative ads in newspapers.negative ads in newspapers.

The challenger, Jackson, carried the The challenger, Jackson, carried the

South and the West, while the South and the West, while the

incumbent, Adams, carried New England.incumbent, Adams, carried New England.

Jackson easily won the presidency.Jackson easily won the presidency.

President Andrew JacksonPresident Andrew Jackson


1829—18371829—1837

Party:Party: DemocraticDemocratic


TennesseeTennessee


John C. Calhoun &John C. Calhoun &

Martin Van BurenMartin Van Buren

President Andrew JacksonPresident Andrew Jackson

ForeignForeign

Texas Revolution Texas Revolution

(1835)(1835)

Annexation Debate Annexation Debate

over Texas (1835—over Texas (1835—

1837)1837)

DomesticDomestic

Indian Removal Act of Indian Removal Act of

18301830

““Nullification Crisis” Nullification Crisis”

(1830—1832)(1830—1832)

(Second) National Bank (Second) National Bank

War (1832--1837)War (1832--1837)

““Trail of Tears” (1836—Trail of Tears” (1836—

37)37)

Formed the Democratic Formed the Democratic

Party (1832)Party (1832)

Nickname – “Old Nickname – “Old

Hickory”Hickory”

Jacksonian DemocracyJacksonian Democracy

Spoils System-Spoils System-

The policy of rewarding political supporters The policy of rewarding political supporters

with positions within the government.with positions within the government.

Democratic Party-Democratic Party-

Jackson’s supporters broke with the Jackson’s supporters broke with the

Democratic-Republicans and formed the Democratic-Republicans and formed the

modern-day Democratic Party.modern-day Democratic Party.

War on Native AmericansWar on Native Americans

Indian Removal Act of 1830-Indian Removal Act of 1830-

Under the Act, the United States forced Native Under the Act, the United States forced Native

Americans off its traditional lands in support Americans off its traditional lands in support

of white settlement.of white settlement.

Native Americans were forced west of the Native Americans were forced west of the

Mississippi River.Mississippi River.

Fighting broke out, but many nations Fighting broke out, but many nations

peaceably migrated.peaceably migrated.

War on Native AmericansWar on Native AmericansIndian Removal Act of 1830-Indian Removal Act of 1830-


Worcester v. GeorgiaWorcester v. Georgia (1832)- (1832)-

Supreme Court case which supported the Supreme Court case which supported the

Cherokee Nation to remain in Georgia, but Cherokee Nation to remain in Georgia, but

Jackson snubbed the decision.Jackson snubbed the decision.

Chief Justice John Marshall battled Jackson Chief Justice John Marshall battled Jackson

in a war of words over the decision.in a war of words over the decision.


Trail of Tears (1837—38)-Trail of Tears (1837—38)-

Forced relocation of Georgia’s Cherokee Forced relocation of Georgia’s Cherokee

Nation to Oklahoma.Nation to Oklahoma.

During the forced migration, nearly 25% During the forced migration, nearly 25%

died due to disease and starvation.died due to disease and starvation.

Documents

Unit 3 Standard 6 Notes: Expansion SSUSH6 The student will analyze the nature of territorial and population growth and the impact of this growth in the