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UMTS Networks and beyond
Graduate course in Computer Science
Integrated Communication Systems (ICS) Group
http://www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
-> Education -> Master Courses -> UMTS-Networks
Winter Semester
Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim (lecturers)
Naseer ul Islam, Nauman Zia (seminars)
UMTS Networks 2Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
Course Motivation – Why is this important?
Enormous growth in mobile communications
Enormous growth of Internet traffic
Transition from voice to data services
Transition from pay-per-data to flat rates
Convergence of the Telecommunication world and the Internet world
Transition from circuit-switched to packet-switching technology
Mobile/Wireless Internet
New applications and services
New services and challenges
mobile TV and streaming: broadcast vs. unicast
car-to-car and (cooperative) multihop communications
machine-to-machine communications: scalability and overhead
UMTS Networks 3Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
Growth in Mobile Data
See http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white_paper_c11-520862.html for details
UMTS Networks 4Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
Growth in Mobile Data by Devices
See http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white_paper_c11-520862.html for details
UMTS Networks 5Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
Some Comments on Growth in Mobile Data
According to Morgan Stanley analyst Mary Meeker (who has now left the firm), by 2015 “more users will connect to the Internet over mobile devices than desktop PCs.” Gigaom, Apr 2010
Global mobile data traffic in 2010 (237 petabytes per month) was more than three times greater than total global Internet traffic in 2000 (75 petabytes per month). Cisco, Feb 2011
Smartphone customers (526 million, 2010) use more data than non-smartphone customers, and iPhone customers use more data than other smartphone customers. According to Morgan Stanley analyst Mary Meeker, the average cellphone customer usage pattern is 70-30 voice-to-data but the average iPhone customer is 45-55 voice-to-data. Gigaom, Apr 2010
Tablet customers (3 million, 2010) use more data than smartphone customers. In 2010, on average each tablet generated fives times more Internet traffic than the average smartphone. Cisco, Feb 2011
See http://wiredpen.com/2011/02/13/ubiquitous-connectivity-means-ios-android/ for details
UMTS Networks 6Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
Course Contents
• Review of the basics of mobile communications• Overview on GSM, GPRS and EDGE• UMTS networks, including
- network architecture,- network elements,- protocols and- service aspects
• Architecture, protocols and services of UMTS networks especially- the radio access network and- the core network
• Evolution towards the 4th generation- High-speed Packet Data (HSPA),- Long-term Evolution (LTE) and System Architecture Evolution (SAE)
Focus on network aspects rather than radio details
UMTS Networks 7Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
Course Objectives
Understand how mobile networks work
Be able to navigate and understand UMTS and LTE standards
Understand why UMTS and LTE has been defined the way it is
Understanding of a real (non-trivial) integrated HW/SW system
Understand the 2G to 4G evolution path
=> Understanding of the system from the system architect´s view
or: forget about the details as soon as you understand the whole
UMTS Networks 8Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
Working Method
Study of a real Telco system with its specific problems
Identify and solve the identified problems instead of a general study
of abstract problems
Acquire a reasonable deep understanding of a highly complex system
Lots of discussion (hopefully)
UMTS Networks 9Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
Organisational Stuff
Lecture: first half of semester (meet twice a week)Seminar: second half of semester (individual studies and presentations)
Course prerequisites: Basics of Communication Systems and Protocols (mandatory) Basics of Mobile Communications, e.g. Wireless Internet course
(recommended)
Slides and additional information are provided athttp://www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics-> Education -> Master Courses -> UMTS-Networks
Instructor contact:Andreas Mitschele-Thiel Jens MückenheimEmail: mitsch@tu-ilmenau.de Email: jens.mueckenheim@hs-merseburg.dePhone: 03677-69 2819/2829 Phone: 03461-462107
Course budget: 28 hours (14 sessions a 2 hours)
UMTS Networks 10Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
Schedule
Red topics are provided by Jens Mückenheim
1 Introduction 09.10.122 Basics of Wireless Transmissions
Media Access SchemesBasic Functions of Mobile Systems
3 2G: GSM and GSM Evolution 16.10.12Protocol Engineering Basics, Standards
4 UMTS Architecture9 Wideband CDMA Principles 23.10.1210 Radio Resource Management5 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) 30.10.12
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA)6 UTRAN Procedures 11 High-Speed Packet-Access (HSPA) 06.11.1212 High-Speed Packet-Access (HSPA), cont´d
skipped 13.11.127 Numbering, Addressing and Location Identities 20.11.12
UE Modes 8 Mobility Management
Communication Management13 UMTS-Evolution (HSPA+) 27.11.1214 LTE/SAE
Introduction
Mobile Business and Services Market Expectations UMTS Services and Applications
Technical Trends From 2G to 4G
UMTS Networks 12Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
First Mobile Radio (1924) – How it began...
UMTS Networks 16Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
Revenue for Mobile Operators (total) in Germany
Total revenue
Average revenue per user (ARPU)
[US$m] [US$] [%]Total Mobile Revenues $27,559 $25.33 100.0%Voice Revenue $21,417 $19.68 77.7%Data Revenue $6,142 $5.64 22.3%Messaging Revenue $4,704 $4.32 17.1%SMS $4,026 $3.70 14.6%MMS $260 $0.24 0.9%Email $399 $0.37 1.4%Other Messaging $19 $0.02 0.1%Non-Messaging Revenue $1,438 $1.32 5.2%Ringtones $332 $0.31 1.2%Graphics/Images $162 $0.15 0.6%Games $263 $0.24 1.0%Information Services $163 $0.15 0.6%Music $59 $0.05 0.2%Video $88 $0.08 0.3%Mobile Data/Remote Access $371 $0.34 1.3%
German Mobile Operators‘ Revenue, estimates for 2007:more than 27 B$ = 21 B€
o
UMTS Networks 17Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
Worldwide Number of Subscribers by Technology
Region Q2 2006 Q2 2007 Q2 2007 (%)
World
Total 2,431,732,781 2,948,357,080 100.0%
GSM 2G 1,934,109,924 2,377,790,703 80.6%
UMTS (WCDMA) 3G 70,242,769 131,240,644 4.5%
UMTS/HSPA 3G 259,396 4,987,178 0.2%
TDMA 2G 31,491,377 12,126,883 0.4%
PDC 2G 39,319,525 23,481,602 0.8%
iDEN 2G 25,321,560 27,078,771 0.9%
Analog 1G 4,467,113 2,021,415 0.1%
cdmaOne 2G 29,466,577 15,551,230 0.5%
CDMA2000 1X 3G 260,661,808 288,503,817 9.8%
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO 3G 36,394,017 65,405,731 2.2%
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev. A 3G - 171,311 0.0%
The Global mobile Suppliers Association (GSA) states that, as of November 2006, GSM/UMTS services are available in 134 networks in 59 countries,
with 85% of mobile subscriptions worldwide = more than 2.5 billion(source: www.gsacom.com).
o
UMTS Networks 18Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
Services:- Traditional Voice- Teleservices like and Fax, SMS, MMS messaging- Wide-band Data for Multimedia and Wireless Internet:
via dedicated access (Basic Release99)up to 144 kb/s for high speed mobiles up to 384 kb/s for low speed mobilesup to 2 Mb/s for portable/fixed users
via high-speed packet access (HSPA, Release5, 6&7)up to 7.2-14.4/28.8 Mbit/s downloadup to 5.7/11.5 Mbit/s upload
Spectral Efficiency: High Mobility & Roaming: Worldwide Compatibility: with 2G systems, especially GSM Physical characteristics:
Wideband (W-)CDMA system with 5MHz bandwidth, 3.84 Mchps around 2000 MHz (EU), 1900 MHz (US), 1700 MHz (Japan)
UMTS:Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
UMTS Networks 19Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
Why UMTS?
GSM (2nd generation): Optimized for circuit-switched voice High delay (180 ms round-trip) Small band, inflexible assignment of
data rates Low data rates
Suboptimal use of radio resources(spectral efficiency)
Complicated RF planning(layout of frequency usage)
Standard set by Europe
Globally available, but not planned as such
UMTS (3rd generation): Focus on packet-switched data Lower latency Flexible assignment of spectrum
with variable data rates Higher data rates for multimedia
services Higher capacity of radio system
Simplified RF engineering (no frequency planning)
Worldwide agreed standard
Worldwide roaming by design
UMTS Networks 20Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
What is 3GPP?
3GPP stands for 3rd Generation Partnership Project 3GPP is a collaboration agreement, established in December 1998, to
ensure a worldwide acceptance of 3G W-CDMA/UMTS standards It is a partnership of 6 regional SDOs (standard development
organization)
These SDOs take 3GPP specifications and transpose them to regional (Europe, NorthAmerica, Korea, Japan, China) standards
ITU references the regional standards “IMT-2000”, “IMT-Advanced” see: www.3gpp.org
Japan
USA
S.KoreaEurope
China
o
UMTS Networks 22Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
3GPP Standards Releases (summary from/links to Wikipedia, 2008)
Version Released InfoRelease 99 2000 Q1 Specified the first UMTS 3G networks, incorporating a
CDMA air interface
Release 4 2001 Q2 Originally called the Release 2000 - added features including an all-IP Core Network
Release 5 2002 Q1 Introduced IMS and HSDPARelease 6 2004 Q4 Integrated operation with Wireless LAN networks and adds
HSUPA, MBMS, enhancements to IMS such as Push to Talk over Cellular (PoC), GAN (UMA)
Release 7 2007 Q4 Focuses on decreasing latency, QoS and improvements to real-time applications like VoIP. This specification will also focus on HSPA+ (High Speed Packet Access Evolution), SIM high-speed protocol and contactless front-end interface (Near Field Communicationenabling operators to deliver contactless services like Mobile Payments), EDGE Evolution.
Release 8 2008 Q4 E-UTRA, All-IP Network (SAE). Release 8 constitutes a refactoring of UMTS as an entirely IP based fourth-generation network.
Release 9 2009 Q4 SAES Enhancements, WiMAX and LTE/UMTS Interoperability. Dual-Cell HSDPA with MIMO, Dual-Cell HSUPA.
UMTS Networks 23Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
Evolution of 3GPP Standards (Europe & Asia)
Release 99 Specs are Functionally frozen in March
2000 Essential corrections until late 2003
Release 4 Specs Functionally frozen in March 2001 Small delta to Release 99 Main features: TD-SCDMA, HSDPA
feasibility study Release 5
Functionally frozen in March 2002 & June 2002.
corrections until late 2004 Main features: HSDPA, IP-RAN, Network
Sharing, feasibility study of UTRAN evolution, IMS
Release 6 Functionally frozen in Dec. 2004 Corrections still ongoing. Main features: MBMS, Enhanced UL DCH,
Remote Electrical Tilting, Voice over IP, LTE Study
Release 7 Specs are Functionally frozen in March
2006. Main features: MIMO, gaming on IP,
Enhanced Push over Cellular, Evolved-UTRA (LTE) feasibility study. System Arch. Evolution (SAE) Study.
Release 8 Published in Dec. 2007/ March 2008 Main features: HSPA+, LTE (E-UTRA), SAE,
enhancements for UMTS
GSMGSM
1989
GPRSGPRS
1997Rel98AMRRel98AMR
1998LTE
(part of Rel 8)LTE
(part of Rel 8)
Dec 2007
Rel99UMTSRel99UMTS
Rel5HSDPA
Rel5HSDPA
Rel6E-DCH
Rel6E-DCH
Rel7MIMO
Rel7MIMO Rel8Rel8
HSDPA
IP-RAN
Network Sharing
Subscriber
Trace
E-DCH
MBMS
VoIP
BF
Rel99EDGERel99EDGE
1999
Rel6SAICRel6SAIC
2004
Rel7Rel7
2006
HSPA Evolution
MIMO
CPC
HoM
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
UMTS Networks 24Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
Evolution of 3GPP2 Standards (mainly USA)
2G technology:CDMAone = IS-95
Beyond 3G technology:was: EV-DO Rev.C now: UMB = Ultra Mobile Broadband;
3G technology:CDMA2000
EV-DO = Evolution-Data Optimized EV-DV = Evolution-Data/Voice
3GPP2 is the 3G partnership project to promote the US-driven 3G standards family of cdma2000 in competition to W-CDMA/UMTS of 3GPP
o
UMTS Networks 25Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) Roadmap
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) is an US-based international organization that sets industry standards,
like 802.3 Ethernet, 802.11 Wireless LAN
UMTS Networks 33Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
2G to 3G Evolution: GSM - GPRS - UMTS
GSMRAN
Base station
Base stationcontroller
Base station
Base station
MSC
ISDN
GSM Core (Circuit switched)
HLRAuCEIR
GMSC
ATM based transport
GSM
UMTS Networks 34Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
2G to 3G Evolution: GSM - GPRS - UMTS
GPRS Core (PacketSwitched)
SGSN
GGSN
Inter-net
GSMRAN
Base station
Base stationcontroller
Base station
Base station
MSC
ISDN
GSM Core (Circuit switched)
HLRAuCEIR
GMSC
ATM based transport
GSM+GPRS
UMTS Networks 35Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
2G to 3G Evolution: GSM - GPRS - UMTS
GPRS Core (PacketSwitched)
SGSN
GGSN
Inter-net
GSMRAN
Base station
Base stationcontroller
Base station
Base station
UTRAN
Radio networkcontroller
Base station Base station
Base station
MSC
ISDN
GSM Core (Circuit switched)
HLRAuCEIR
GMSC
ATM based transport
GSM+GPRS+UMTS R99
UMTS Networks 36Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
2G to 3G Evolution: GSM - GPRS - UMTS
GPRS Core (PacketSwitched)
SGSN
GGSN
Inter-net
GSMRAN
Base station
Base stationcontroller
Base station
Base station
UTRAN
Radio networkcontroller
Base station Base station
Base station
IP based transport
3G Core
GERANGERAN+UMTS R5 + IMS
UMTS Networks 37Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
IP Multimedia System (IMS)- Architecture (simplified)
PSTN
PDN
MediaGateway
MGWControl
SessionControl
Services
CommonMultimedia
Service Network (IMS)
AccessProxy
BTS BSC/RNC MSC/SGSN/GGSNUEUE
GSM/GPRS RAN(GERAN)
CommonIP
CoreNetwork
NodeB RNC SGSN/GGSN IP Router
UEUE
UMTS/HSPA RAN
UEUE
802.11 WiFi802.16 WiMax
AG
Service and Core Architecture is “Access Agnostic”
AGFW GGSN
PDNRANSGSN
Access GatewayFirewallGateway GPRS Serving NodePacket Data NetworkRadio Access NetworkServing GPRS Serving NodeFWUESIP phone
Cable, ethernet, DSL, etc
o
UMTS Networks 39Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
4G Mobile Communication Systems: Radio Integration
WirelessIP
SocietyS-UMTS
SatelliteBroadband
DVB-S
DVB-TDAB
GSM
GPRS/EDGE
DECTIR
BroadbandW-LAN
UMTS
Satellite/HAPS
Broadcasting
Cellular
Indoor
MBS 40 xMDS
Broadband WFA
Wireless Local Loop
Body LANs
PersonalArea Networks
UMTS ++
4th Generation
Local Area NetworksMBS 60 MWS
Bluetooth
Quasi-Cellular
o
UMTS Networks 40Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
4G Mobile Communication Systems: Network Integration
Services andapplications
IP based core network
IMT-2000UMTS
WLANtype
cellularGSM
short rangeconnectivity
WirelinexDSL
otherentities
DABDVB
return channel:e.g. GSM
download channel
New radiointerface
o
UMTS Networks 41Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
4G Mobile Communication Systems: System Integration
distribution layer
cellular layer
hot spot layer WLAN
DAB and/or DVB
2G: e.g.GSM
IMT-2000UMTS
personal network layer
XX X X X X X X XX X X Xfixed ( wired) layer
• full coverage• global access• full mobility• not necessaryindividual links
• full coverageand hot spots
• global roaming• full mobility• individual links
• local coverage• hot spots• global roaming• local mobility• individual links
• short rangecommunication(e.g. Bluetooth, DECT )
• global roaming• individual links
• no mobility• global roaming• individual links
horizontal handover within a system vertical handover between systems
possible return channels
o
UMTS Networks 42Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
5G: Interplanetary Internet
o
UMTS Networks 43Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
Summary of the Evolution Path (European View)
1G: Analog systems
2G (GSM): global digital personal communication system
FDMA, TDMA, FDD circuit-switched voice (voice service) SMS global roaming
2G+ (GSM+GPRS): introduction of packet-switched data
IP to the terminal; ATM transport in the network multiplexing of packet-switched data on traffic channels of radio link IP tunneling in the packet-switched core network SS7 signaling, AAA, mobility management QoS: best effort still ongoing efforts
EDGE: enhanced radio efficiency (adaptive modulation) GERAN: generalized access network, to connect to 3G core networks
3G (UMTS): packet-switched data
...
UMTS Networks 44Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
Summary of the Evolution Path (cont’d)
2G (GSM): global digital personal communication system
2G+ (GSM+GPRS): introduction of packet-switched data
3G (UMTS): packet-switched data CDMA-FDD/TDD predominantly data communication focus on services and content all IP transport (3GPP R4): mobile, radio access network, core network SS7 signaling: AAA, mobility management, etc. QoS support seamless service (global roaming) Enhanced packet data perfromance: HSDPA+HSUPA HSPA Common Ip-based service architecture (IMS)
4G: Integration of various radio technologies (satellite, broadcast, cellular, WLAN, BAN)
use of the ‘optimal’ radio link (w.r.t. spectral efficiency, delay, throughput, error rate, emission)
IETF protocols for everything (all IP for transport and control)
UMTS Networks 45Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012
Important Readings
Books: Kaaranen, Ahtiainen, Laitinen, Naghian, Niemi: UMTS Networks – Architecture, Mobility
and Services. 2nd edition, Wiley, 2005 Holma, Toskala: WCDMA for UMTS. 4th edition, Wiley, 2007 Holma, Toskala: LTE for UMTS: Evolution to LTE-Advanced, 2011 Ahonen, Barrett: Services for UMTS: Creating Killer Applications in 3G. Wiley, 2002
Important 3GPP Documents: 21.101 to 21.104: List of standards for Release 3 (R99), 4, 5 and 6, respectively 21.905: UMTS vocabulary and abbreviations 23.002: UMTS network architecture (core network and access network entities) 23.060: GPRS architecture 25.401: UTRAN overview 25.301: Radio link protocols (UTRA) 25.931: UTRAN procedures(all documents are available at www.3gpp.org)
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