UMTS Networks and beyond - Startseite TU Ilmenau · UMTS Networks and beyond ... • Review of the basics of mobile communications • Overview on GSM, ... - the radio access network

UMTS Networks and beyond

Graduate course in Computer Science

Integrated Communication Systems (ICS) Group

http://www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics

-> Education -> Master Courses -> UMTS-Networks

Winter Semester

Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim (lecturers)

Naseer ul Islam, Nauman Zia (seminars)

UMTS Networks 2Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim 9 October 2012

Course Motivation – Why is this important?

Enormous growth in mobile communications

Enormous growth of Internet traffic

Transition from voice to data services

Transition from pay-per-data to flat rates

Convergence of the Telecommunication world and the Internet world

Transition from circuit-switched to packet-switching technology

Mobile/Wireless Internet

New applications and services

New services and challenges

mobile TV and streaming: broadcast vs. unicast

car-to-car and (cooperative) multihop communications

machine-to-machine communications: scalability and overhead


Growth in Mobile Data

See http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white_paper_c11-520862.html for details


Growth in Mobile Data by Devices

See http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white_paper_c11-520862.html for details


Some Comments on Growth in Mobile Data

According to Morgan Stanley analyst Mary Meeker (who has now left the firm), by 2015 “more users will connect to the Internet over mobile devices than desktop PCs.” Gigaom, Apr 2010

Global mobile data traffic in 2010 (237 petabytes per month) was more than three times greater than total global Internet traffic in 2000 (75 petabytes per month). Cisco, Feb 2011

Smartphone customers (526 million, 2010) use more data than non-smartphone customers, and iPhone customers use more data than other smartphone customers. According to Morgan Stanley analyst Mary Meeker, the average cellphone customer usage pattern is 70-30 voice-to-data but the average iPhone customer is 45-55 voice-to-data. Gigaom, Apr 2010

Tablet customers (3 million, 2010) use more data than smartphone customers. In 2010, on average each tablet generated fives times more Internet traffic than the average smartphone. Cisco, Feb 2011

See http://wiredpen.com/2011/02/13/ubiquitous-connectivity-means-ios-android/ for details


Course Contents

• Review of the basics of mobile communications• Overview on GSM, GPRS and EDGE• UMTS networks, including

- network architecture,- network elements,- protocols and- service aspects

• Architecture, protocols and services of UMTS networks especially- the radio access network and- the core network

• Evolution towards the 4th generation- High-speed Packet Data (HSPA),- Long-term Evolution (LTE) and System Architecture Evolution (SAE)

Focus on network aspects rather than radio details


Course Objectives

Understand how mobile networks work

Be able to navigate and understand UMTS and LTE standards

Understand why UMTS and LTE has been defined the way it is

Understanding of a real (non-trivial) integrated HW/SW system

Understand the 2G to 4G evolution path

=> Understanding of the system from the system architect´s view

or: forget about the details as soon as you understand the whole


Working Method

Study of a real Telco system with its specific problems

Identify and solve the identified problems instead of a general study

of abstract problems

Acquire a reasonable deep understanding of a highly complex system

Lots of discussion (hopefully)


Organisational Stuff

Lecture: first half of semester (meet twice a week)Seminar: second half of semester (individual studies and presentations)

Course prerequisites: Basics of Communication Systems and Protocols (mandatory) Basics of Mobile Communications, e.g. Wireless Internet course

(recommended)

Slides and additional information are provided athttp://www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics-> Education -> Master Courses -> UMTS-Networks

Instructor contact:Andreas Mitschele-Thiel Jens MückenheimEmail: [email protected] Email: [email protected]: 03677-69 2819/2829 Phone: 03461-462107

Course budget: 28 hours (14 sessions a 2 hours)


Schedule

Red topics are provided by Jens Mückenheim

1 Introduction 09.10.122 Basics of Wireless Transmissions

Media Access SchemesBasic Functions of Mobile Systems

3 2G: GSM and GSM Evolution 16.10.12Protocol Engineering Basics, Standards

4 UMTS Architecture9 Wideband CDMA Principles 23.10.1210 Radio Resource Management5 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) 30.10.12

UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA)6 UTRAN Procedures 11 High-Speed Packet-Access (HSPA) 06.11.1212 High-Speed Packet-Access (HSPA), cont´d

skipped 13.11.127 Numbering, Addressing and Location Identities 20.11.12

UE Modes 8 Mobility Management

Communication Management13 UMTS-Evolution (HSPA+) 27.11.1214 LTE/SAE

Introduction

Mobile Business and Services Market Expectations UMTS Services and Applications

Technical Trends From 2G to 4G


First Mobile Radio (1924) – How it began...


Revenue for Mobile Operators (total) in Germany

Total revenue

Average revenue per user (ARPU)

[US$m] [US$] [%]Total Mobile Revenues $27,559 $25.33 100.0%Voice Revenue $21,417 $19.68 77.7%Data Revenue $6,142 $5.64 22.3%Messaging Revenue $4,704 $4.32 17.1%SMS $4,026 $3.70 14.6%MMS $260 $0.24 0.9%Email $399 $0.37 1.4%Other Messaging $19 $0.02 0.1%Non-Messaging Revenue $1,438 $1.32 5.2%Ringtones $332 $0.31 1.2%Graphics/Images $162 $0.15 0.6%Games $263 $0.24 1.0%Information Services $163 $0.15 0.6%Music $59 $0.05 0.2%Video $88 $0.08 0.3%Mobile Data/Remote Access $371 $0.34 1.3%

German Mobile Operators‘ Revenue, estimates for 2007:more than 27 B$ = 21 B€

o


Worldwide Number of Subscribers by Technology

Region Q2 2006 Q2 2007 Q2 2007 (%)

World

Total 2,431,732,781 2,948,357,080 100.0%

GSM 2G 1,934,109,924 2,377,790,703 80.6%

UMTS (WCDMA) 3G 70,242,769 131,240,644 4.5%

UMTS/HSPA 3G 259,396 4,987,178 0.2%

TDMA 2G 31,491,377 12,126,883 0.4%

PDC 2G 39,319,525 23,481,602 0.8%

iDEN 2G 25,321,560 27,078,771 0.9%

Analog 1G 4,467,113 2,021,415 0.1%

cdmaOne 2G 29,466,577 15,551,230 0.5%

CDMA2000 1X 3G 260,661,808 288,503,817 9.8%

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO 3G 36,394,017 65,405,731 2.2%

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev. A 3G - 171,311 0.0%

The Global mobile Suppliers Association (GSA) states that, as of November 2006, GSM/UMTS services are available in 134 networks in 59 countries,

with 85% of mobile subscriptions worldwide = more than 2.5 billion(source: www.gsacom.com).

o


Services:- Traditional Voice- Teleservices like and Fax, SMS, MMS messaging- Wide-band Data for Multimedia and Wireless Internet:

via dedicated access (Basic Release99)up to 144 kb/s for high speed mobiles up to 384 kb/s for low speed mobilesup to 2 Mb/s for portable/fixed users

via high-speed packet access (HSPA, Release5, 6&7)up to 7.2-14.4/28.8 Mbit/s downloadup to 5.7/11.5 Mbit/s upload

Spectral Efficiency: High Mobility & Roaming: Worldwide Compatibility: with 2G systems, especially GSM Physical characteristics:

Wideband (W-)CDMA system with 5MHz bandwidth, 3.84 Mchps around 2000 MHz (EU), 1900 MHz (US), 1700 MHz (Japan)

UMTS:Universal Mobile Telecommunication System


Why UMTS?

GSM (2nd generation): Optimized for circuit-switched voice High delay (180 ms round-trip) Small band, inflexible assignment of

data rates Low data rates

Suboptimal use of radio resources(spectral efficiency)

Complicated RF planning(layout of frequency usage)

Standard set by Europe

Globally available, but not planned as such

UMTS (3rd generation): Focus on packet-switched data Lower latency Flexible assignment of spectrum

with variable data rates Higher data rates for multimedia

services Higher capacity of radio system

Simplified RF engineering (no frequency planning)

Worldwide agreed standard

Worldwide roaming by design


What is 3GPP?

3GPP stands for 3rd Generation Partnership Project 3GPP is a collaboration agreement, established in December 1998, to

ensure a worldwide acceptance of 3G W-CDMA/UMTS standards It is a partnership of 6 regional SDOs (standard development

organization)

These SDOs take 3GPP specifications and transpose them to regional (Europe, NorthAmerica, Korea, Japan, China) standards

ITU references the regional standards “IMT-2000”, “IMT-Advanced” see: www.3gpp.org

Japan

USA

S.KoreaEurope

China

o


3GPP Standards Releases (summary from/links to Wikipedia, 2008)

Version Released InfoRelease 99 2000 Q1 Specified the first UMTS 3G networks, incorporating a

CDMA air interface

Release 4 2001 Q2 Originally called the Release 2000 - added features including an all-IP Core Network

Release 5 2002 Q1 Introduced IMS and HSDPARelease 6 2004 Q4 Integrated operation with Wireless LAN networks and adds

HSUPA, MBMS, enhancements to IMS such as Push to Talk over Cellular (PoC), GAN (UMA)

Release 7 2007 Q4 Focuses on decreasing latency, QoS and improvements to real-time applications like VoIP. This specification will also focus on HSPA+ (High Speed Packet Access Evolution), SIM high-speed protocol and contactless front-end interface (Near Field Communicationenabling operators to deliver contactless services like Mobile Payments), EDGE Evolution.

Release 8 2008 Q4 E-UTRA, All-IP Network (SAE). Release 8 constitutes a refactoring of UMTS as an entirely IP based fourth-generation network.

Release 9 2009 Q4 SAES Enhancements, WiMAX and LTE/UMTS Interoperability. Dual-Cell HSDPA with MIMO, Dual-Cell HSUPA.


Evolution of 3GPP Standards (Europe & Asia)

Release 99 Specs are Functionally frozen in March

2000 Essential corrections until late 2003

Release 4 Specs Functionally frozen in March 2001 Small delta to Release 99 Main features: TD-SCDMA, HSDPA

feasibility study Release 5

Functionally frozen in March 2002 & June 2002.

corrections until late 2004 Main features: HSDPA, IP-RAN, Network

Sharing, feasibility study of UTRAN evolution, IMS

Release 6 Functionally frozen in Dec. 2004 Corrections still ongoing. Main features: MBMS, Enhanced UL DCH,

Remote Electrical Tilting, Voice over IP, LTE Study

Release 7 Specs are Functionally frozen in March

2006. Main features: MIMO, gaming on IP,

Enhanced Push over Cellular, Evolved-UTRA (LTE) feasibility study. System Arch. Evolution (SAE) Study.

Release 8 Published in Dec. 2007/ March 2008 Main features: HSPA+, LTE (E-UTRA), SAE,

enhancements for UMTS

GSMGSM

1989

GPRSGPRS

1997Rel98AMRRel98AMR

1998LTE

(part of Rel 8)LTE

(part of Rel 8)

Dec 2007

Rel99UMTSRel99UMTS

Rel5HSDPA

Rel5HSDPA

Rel6E-DCH

Rel6E-DCH

Rel7MIMO

Rel7MIMO Rel8Rel8

HSDPA

IP-RAN

Network Sharing

Subscriber

Trace

E-DCH

MBMS

VoIP

BF

Rel99EDGERel99EDGE

1999

Rel6SAICRel6SAIC

2004

Rel7Rel7

2006

HSPA Evolution

MIMO

CPC

HoM

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008


Evolution of 3GPP2 Standards (mainly USA)

2G technology:CDMAone = IS-95

Beyond 3G technology:was: EV-DO Rev.C now: UMB = Ultra Mobile Broadband;

3G technology:CDMA2000

EV-DO = Evolution-Data Optimized EV-DV = Evolution-Data/Voice

3GPP2 is the 3G partnership project to promote the US-driven 3G standards family of cdma2000 in competition to W-CDMA/UMTS of 3GPP

o


IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) Roadmap

IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) is an US-based international organization that sets industry standards,

like 802.3 Ethernet, 802.11 Wireless LAN


2G to 3G Evolution: GSM - GPRS - UMTS

GSMRAN

Base station

Base stationcontroller

Base station

Base station

MSC

ISDN

GSM Core (Circuit switched)

HLRAuCEIR

GMSC

ATM based transport

GSM



GPRS Core (PacketSwitched)

SGSN

GGSN

Inter-net

GSMRAN

Base station


Base station

Base station

MSC

ISDN


HLRAuCEIR

GMSC

ATM based transport

GSM+GPRS




SGSN

GGSN

Inter-net

GSMRAN

Base station


Base station

Base station

UTRAN

Radio networkcontroller

Base station Base station

Base station

MSC

ISDN


HLRAuCEIR

GMSC

ATM based transport

GSM+GPRS+UMTS R99




SGSN

GGSN

Inter-net

GSMRAN

Base station


Base station

Base station

UTRAN

Radio networkcontroller

Base station Base station

Base station

IP based transport

3G Core

GERANGERAN+UMTS R5 + IMS


IP Multimedia System (IMS)- Architecture (simplified)

PSTN

PDN

MediaGateway

MGWControl

SessionControl

Services

CommonMultimedia

Service Network (IMS)

AccessProxy

BTS BSC/RNC MSC/SGSN/GGSNUEUE

GSM/GPRS RAN(GERAN)

CommonIP

CoreNetwork

NodeB RNC SGSN/GGSN IP Router

UEUE

UMTS/HSPA RAN

UEUE

802.11 WiFi802.16 WiMax

AG

Service and Core Architecture is “Access Agnostic”

AGFW GGSN

PDNRANSGSN

Access GatewayFirewallGateway GPRS Serving NodePacket Data NetworkRadio Access NetworkServing GPRS Serving NodeFWUESIP phone

Cable, ethernet, DSL, etc

o


4G Mobile Communication Systems: Radio Integration

WirelessIP

SocietyS-UMTS

SatelliteBroadband

DVB-S

DVB-TDAB

GSM

GPRS/EDGE

DECTIR

BroadbandW-LAN

UMTS

Satellite/HAPS

Broadcasting

Cellular

Indoor

MBS 40 xMDS

Broadband WFA

Wireless Local Loop

Body LANs

PersonalArea Networks

UMTS ++

4th Generation

Local Area NetworksMBS 60 MWS

Bluetooth

Quasi-Cellular

o


4G Mobile Communication Systems: Network Integration

Services andapplications

IP based core network

IMT-2000UMTS

WLANtype

cellularGSM

short rangeconnectivity

WirelinexDSL

otherentities

DABDVB

return channel:e.g. GSM

download channel

New radiointerface

o


4G Mobile Communication Systems: System Integration

distribution layer

cellular layer

hot spot layer WLAN

DAB and/or DVB

2G: e.g.GSM

IMT-2000UMTS

personal network layer

XX X X X X X X XX X X Xfixed ( wired) layer

• full coverage• global access• full mobility• not necessaryindividual links

• full coverageand hot spots

• global roaming• full mobility• individual links

• local coverage• hot spots• global roaming• local mobility• individual links

• short rangecommunication(e.g. Bluetooth, DECT )

• global roaming• individual links

• no mobility• global roaming• individual links

horizontal handover within a system vertical handover between systems

possible return channels

o


5G: Interplanetary Internet

o


Summary of the Evolution Path (European View)

1G: Analog systems

2G (GSM): global digital personal communication system

FDMA, TDMA, FDD circuit-switched voice (voice service) SMS global roaming

2G+ (GSM+GPRS): introduction of packet-switched data

IP to the terminal; ATM transport in the network multiplexing of packet-switched data on traffic channels of radio link IP tunneling in the packet-switched core network SS7 signaling, AAA, mobility management QoS: best effort still ongoing efforts

EDGE: enhanced radio efficiency (adaptive modulation) GERAN: generalized access network, to connect to 3G core networks

3G (UMTS): packet-switched data

...


Summary of the Evolution Path (cont’d)

2G (GSM): global digital personal communication system

2G+ (GSM+GPRS): introduction of packet-switched data

3G (UMTS): packet-switched data CDMA-FDD/TDD predominantly data communication focus on services and content all IP transport (3GPP R4): mobile, radio access network, core network SS7 signaling: AAA, mobility management, etc. QoS support seamless service (global roaming) Enhanced packet data perfromance: HSDPA+HSUPA HSPA Common Ip-based service architecture (IMS)

4G: Integration of various radio technologies (satellite, broadcast, cellular, WLAN, BAN)

use of the ‘optimal’ radio link (w.r.t. spectral efficiency, delay, throughput, error rate, emission)

IETF protocols for everything (all IP for transport and control)


Important Readings

Books: Kaaranen, Ahtiainen, Laitinen, Naghian, Niemi: UMTS Networks – Architecture, Mobility

and Services. 2nd edition, Wiley, 2005 Holma, Toskala: WCDMA for UMTS. 4th edition, Wiley, 2007 Holma, Toskala: LTE for UMTS: Evolution to LTE-Advanced, 2011 Ahonen, Barrett: Services for UMTS: Creating Killer Applications in 3G. Wiley, 2002

Important 3GPP Documents: 21.101 to 21.104: List of standards for Release 3 (R99), 4, 5 and 6, respectively 21.905: UMTS vocabulary and abbreviations 23.002: UMTS network architecture (core network and access network entities) 23.060: GPRS architecture 25.401: UTRAN overview 25.301: Radio link protocols (UTRA) 25.931: UTRAN procedures(all documents are available at www.3gpp.org)