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ABDOMEN STUDY GUIDE – INTRO TO PERITONEUM

Abdominal Regions- 4 quadrants:

- Tic-Tac-Toe (9 sections):

Abdominal Wall - layers of skin, fascia, muscles, etc.- muscles – know general function and innervation- fasciae: Camper’s (fatty), Scarpa’s (membranous), Colles’ (continues off Scarpa’s), etc.

What are the contents of the Rectus Sheath?Rectus AbdominisIliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal are NOT contents

What is the origin of the inguinal ligament and what is the clinical significance?

Inguinal Canal- Deep ring = hole in- Superficial ring = hole in- Contentsmale (contents of this?):

female:

Cremaster Reflex-afferent : stroke medial thigh - __________ branch of __________ n. and/or _______________ n.

- efferent: lift testes - ________ branch of ____________________ n.

Cryptorchidism and Inguinal Canal (CP)- cryptorchidism = failure of testis descent

- testes = immigrants from abdominal cavity -make their way into “evagination of peritoneum” - know important events of the journey (i.e., when it testes being descent, when they finish)

- tunica vaginalis = double-layered sac of peritoneum that covers testes; also content of sperm. cord - abnormal closure of processus vaginalis - excess fluid in tunica vaginalis

- Females - similar process for ovaries - What leads to formation of ovarian ligament and round (teres) ligament of the uterus?

Umbilical Folds (Ligaments) – remnants of fetal life(CP)- median umbilical fold- medial umbilical fold- lateral umbilical folds form around

Regional Vessels of Abdominal Wall- know origins of blood vessels (i.e., femoral a. superifical circumflex iliac a.)- caput medusae = swollen (varicosed) _______________veins;

potential cause: liver cirrhosis portal hypertenstion caput medusa

Hernias (CP)- know causes, complications, and possible treatments- umbilical, incisional, epigastric, femoral

Peritoneumo Look up diagram:

- intraperitoneal organs (surrounded by peritoneum):

- retroperitoneal organs (lie behind peritoneum):

- subperitoneal (infraperitoneal) organs (lie under peritoneum):

* I would study the peritoneum section by constantly referring to an image so that you get a better understanding of where the structure is. Use the name of structure to your advantage i.e., gatrocolic ligament connects stomach (gastro) to transverse colon (colic)

Important names- epiploic foramen (foramen of Winslow) -location: - significance?

- Douglas pouch (aka rectouterine pouch aka cul-de-sac) - significance?

- Morison pouch (aka hepatorenal pouch) - significance?

Blood supply and organs of the foregut, midgut, and hindgut:

What are the function and parts of the nephron? What is the importance of the Juxtaglomerular Complex? What is the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System?

What is the Clinical significance of the following: gastric ulcers, vagotomy, and hemigastrectomy? How are all three connected?

What are the four parts of the male urethra? What are the unique characteristics of each?

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