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Tropical Rain Forests. Warm, wet and humid all year round Nutrient poor soil-high rate of decomposition Different layers within the forest create a variety of niches Emergent, upper and lower canopies, forest floor Amount of sunlight determines what lives in each layer. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Warm, wet and humid all year roundNutrient poor soil-high rate of decompositionDifferent layers within the forest create a
variety of nichesEmergent, upper and lower canopies, forest
floorAmount of sunlight determines what lives in
each layer
Tropical Rain Forests
Plants Bengal bamboo, Strangler Figs, jambu, orchids
Shallow roots systems Epiphytes (ex. Orchids) will grow on tree branches and tap into
the tree with their root systems to obtain nutrients Fast growers
Animals New World Monkeys, African Forest Elephants, King
Cobra, Vampire Bat, Jambu Fruit Dove, Toco Toucan, Kinkajo
Arboreal-live up in the trees; long arms, prehensile tails, etc. Camouflage Strong beaks to break open seeds
Tropical Rainforest Organisms
Environmental IssuesDeforestation
Agriculture, cattle, resources, etc.Poachers
Hunt and collect animals for exotic pet trades
Biodiversity: high
Tropical Rainforest Environmental Issues and Biodiversity
Most decidous forests lie between 30 and 60 degrees north and south latitudes
4 seasons: our weather patternsFertile soil
Deciduous Forest
Plants Walnut trees, chestnut trees, maple trees, oak trees
Lose leaves during fallDormant during winter-saves water
AnimalsAmerican Black Bear, Coyote, Duckbill
Platypus, Eastern Chipmunk, White-tailed deerCamouflage, hibernate-fat layer, store food, etc.
Deciduous Organisms
Environmental IssuesDeforestation
FarmlandUrbanizationResources
OverhuntingPollution (air, water, land, etc.)
Biodiversity: medium to high
Deciduous Environmental Issues and Biodiversity
Think Canada4 Seasons
Colder temps than deciduousAbout the same precipitation than deciduous
Acidic soils from the needles from the trees-deter other plants from growing around them
Coniferous Forests
PlantsWhite Spruce, Balsam Fir, Pine, Cedar, Douglas Fir
Triangular shapeBranches are flexibleThick barkNeedle-lie leaves to prevent water loss; needles are
acidicAnimals
Lynx, Wolverines, Bobcats, Minks, Caribou, Elk, Moose, White RabbitsThick fur coat Camouflage Hibernate in the winter-protective layer of fat
Coniferous Organisms
Environmental IssuesDeforestation
For homes, roads, resourcesPollution (air, water, land)
Biodiversity-less then tropical or deciduous, more then everything else (medium to high)
Coniferous Environmental Issues and Biodiversity
4 seasonsLess precip then forests more then
desert/tundraNatural fires are common-rejuvenate landWindy
Chaparral
Plants:Coyote bush, common sage brush, chaparral
sweetpea, purple needle grass: lots of grasses and bushes-very few trees Deep roots, fire retardant leaves, waxy coatings on
leaves
Animals:Coyote, rattlesnake, jackrabbit, puma, golden
jackal, bezoar goatCamouflage, nocturnal, go without water for long
periods of time
Chaparral Organisms
Environmental IssuesFire suppressionUrbanization-causes erosion and destruction of
habitatUsed for agriculture
BiodiversityMedium to low
Chaparral Environmental Issues and Biodiversity
Hint: think The Lion King2 seasons
Wet and dryNatural fires are commonWindyNutrient poor soil
Savanna
PlantsGrasses
Grow in clumps to save water, grow quickly, deep roots
AnimalsElephants, lions, zebras, gazelles, giraffes, etc.
Migrating herbivorescamouflage
Savanna Organisms
Environmental IssuesOverhuntingOvergrazingFire suppressionUrbanization
BiodiversityMedium to low
Savanna Environmental Issues and Biodiversity
Middle of the USFertile soilWindyNatural fires are common to rejuvenate land
Prairie
PlantsGrasses
Deep root systems and able to rejuvenate quickly after fire
AnimalsBadgers, coyotes, prairie dogs, etc.
Burrow-strong front clawsCamouflage
Prairie Organisms
Environmental IssuesLand converted to farmland
Less genetic diversity, more erosion, increased pesticide usage
Fire suppression
Biodiversity: medium to low
Prairie Environmental Issues and Biodiversity
Usually found between 15 and 30 degrees latitude
Usually hot, always dryWinds shape landscapeNutrient poor soil
Deserts
PlantsCacti, brittle bush, joshua tree
Sharp spines, fleshy insides, leathery leaves, shallow root systems
AnimalsLizards, desert tortoise, cactus wren, fennec
fox, jerboaCamouflage, estivate: burrow during the day,
nocturnal at night, large ears to release heat
Desert Organisms
Environmental IssuesOvergrazingExcessive off road vehicles usage, nuclear
testing sites, etc.
Biodiversity: low
Desert Environmental Issues and Biodiversity
Cold and dryPermafrost2 seasons: long cold winter and short warm
summerPolar winds
Tundra
PlantsSedges, arctic willow, arctic moss, lichens,
caribou mossGrow close to the ground, shallow root systems,
short hairsNo trees due to high winds and shallow root
systems
AnimalsArctic fox, musk oxen, snowy owl, polar bear,
caribou, arctic hare, lemmingsCamouflage, thick fur, layers of fat
Tundra Organisms
Environmental IssuesExtraction of nonrenewable resources-oil
drilling, building of roads, etc.Global warming (from the burning of fossil
fuels)-thaws permafrost-leads to a positive feedback loop
Biodiversity: low
Tundra Environmental Issues and Biodiversity
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