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Triaxial galaxy models. Glenn van de Ven Institute for Advanced Study glenn@ias.edu. Outline. Fast and slow rotators with SAURON Paper IX: Emsellem et al. (2007, MNRAS, 379, 401) Paper X: Cappellari et al. (2007, MNRAS, 379, 418) Triaxial Schwarzschild models - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Triaxial galaxy modelsTriaxial galaxy models
Glenn van de VenGlenn van de Ven
Institute for Advanced Institute for Advanced StudyStudy
glenn@ias.eduglenn@ias.edu
Hubble Symposium, March, 2008Hubble Symposium, March, 2008 Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"
OutlineOutlineOutlineOutline
• Fast and slow rotators with SAURONFast and slow rotators with SAURON- Paper IX: Emsellem et al. (2007, MNRAS, 379, 401)Paper IX: Emsellem et al. (2007, MNRAS, 379, 401)- Paper X: Cappellari et al. (2007, MNRAS, 379, 418)Paper X: Cappellari et al. (2007, MNRAS, 379, 418)
• Triaxial Schwarzschild modelsTriaxial Schwarzschild models- van de Ven, de Zeeuw & van den Bosch (2008, MNRAS, in van de Ven, de Zeeuw & van den Bosch (2008, MNRAS, in
press)press)- van den Bosch, van de Ven, et al. (2008, MNRAS, in press)van den Bosch, van de Ven, et al. (2008, MNRAS, in press)
• Next steps and summaryNext steps and summary
Hubble Symposium, March, 2008Hubble Symposium, March, 2008 Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"
Integral-field spectroscopyIntegral-field spectroscopyIntegral-field spectroscopyIntegral-field spectroscopy
… … a spectrum at every a spectrum at every position on the plane of the position on the plane of the skysky
Hubble Symposium, March, 2008Hubble Symposium, March, 2008 Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"
SAURON stellar velocity fields SAURON stellar velocity fields 48 48 E/S0sE/S0s
SAURON stellar velocity fields SAURON stellar velocity fields 48 48 E/S0sE/S0s
EE
E EE
E
EEE E
E
E
E
E
E E
E E
E
E
E
E
E
E
40% fast rotators classified as E in RC340% fast rotators classified as E in RC3 Slow rotators
Hubble Symposium, March, 2008Hubble Symposium, March, 2008 Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"
Kinematical misalignmentKinematical misalignmentKinematical misalignmentKinematical misalignmentFast rotatorsSlow rotators
22
VR
VRR
… … simplifiedsimplified
spin spin parameterparameter
Hubble Symposium, March, 2008Hubble Symposium, March, 2008 Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"
Kinematical componentsKinematical componentsKinematical componentsKinematical components
Single component Multiple components Central low velocityKT = Kinematical TwistKM = Kin. MisalignmentKDC = Kin. Decoupled Comp.LV = Low Velocity
NGC 4382
NGC 5813
Fast rotatorsSlow rotators
Hubble Symposium, March, 2008Hubble Symposium, March, 2008 Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"
KDCs: age versus sizeKDCs: age versus sizeKDCs: age versus sizeKDCs: age versus size
Paper VIII: McDermid et al. (2007, MNRAS, 373, Paper VIII: McDermid et al. (2007, MNRAS, 373, 906)906)
Slow rotatorsFast rotators
Hubble Symposium, March, 2008Hubble Symposium, March, 2008 Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"
Understanding the Understanding the V/V/σσ--εε diagram diagramUnderstanding the Understanding the V/V/σσ--εε diagram diagram
• Results consistent Results consistent with with (axisymmetric) (axisymmetric) modeling modeling subsamplesubsample
• Two classes of Two classes of early-type galaxiesearly-type galaxies
• Oblate anisotropic Oblate anisotropic fast-rotatorsfast-rotators
• (Weakly) triaxial (Weakly) triaxial slow-rotatorsslow-rotators
Fast rotators Slow rotators
22
221
R
zδ = 0isotropic
δ = 0.6
i = 90°edge-on
i = 0°
intr22
2
7.02
1
R
z
Hubble Symposium, March, 2008Hubble Symposium, March, 2008 Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"
Image of numerical orbitImage of numerical orbitImage of numerical orbitImage of numerical orbit
Hubble Symposium, March, 2008Hubble Symposium, March, 2008 Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"
images of model orbits observed image
Schwarzschild’s approachSchwarzschild’s approachSchwarzschild’s approachSchwarzschild’s approach
• Surface brightness Surface brightness (MGE) gravitational potential (MGE) gravitational potential
• Grid of (E,IGrid of (E,I22,I,I33) ) initial orbit conditions initial orbit conditions orbit library orbit library
• Weighted superposition of orbits that best fits Weighted superposition of orbits that best fits
photometry photometry andand kinematics kinematics dynamical model dynamical model
Schwarzschild (1979), Richstone & Tremaine (1988), Rix et al. (1997), Schwarzschild (1979), Richstone & Tremaine (1988), Rix et al. (1997), van der Marel (1998), Cappellari et al. (2002), Gebhardt et al. (2003), …van der Marel (1998), Cappellari et al. (2002), Gebhardt et al. (2003), …
Hubble Symposium, March, 2008Hubble Symposium, March, 2008 Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"
Triaxial Schwarzschild modelsTriaxial Schwarzschild modelsTriaxial Schwarzschild modelsTriaxial Schwarzschild models• (MGE) mass model that allows for PA twist in (MGE) mass model that allows for PA twist in
observed SBobserved SB
• (De)projection involves three viewing angles ((De)projection involves three viewing angles (θθ,,,,))
• Four major orbit families:Four major orbit families:
• Robust test with theoretical 3-integral triaxial Abel Robust test with theoretical 3-integral triaxial Abel modelsmodels
2. Inner long-axis tube orbit
3. Outer long-axis tube orbit
4. Short-axis tube orbit
1. Box orbit
x y
z
Hubble Symposium, March, 2008Hubble Symposium, March, 2008 Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"
Application to NGC 4365Application to NGC 4365Application to NGC 4365Application to NGC 4365
V σ h3 h4
Model
Sym
metr
ized
D
ata
Hubble Symposium, March, 2008Hubble Symposium, March, 2008 Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"
Viewing direction and shapeViewing direction and shapeViewing direction and shapeViewing direction and shape
Best-fit (Best-fit (θθ,,,,) = (68) = (68°°,73,73°°,91,91°°) oblate … ) oblate … triaxialtriaxial
T = (1-pT = (1-p22)/(1-q)/(1-q22) )
Oblate: p=1 (a=b>c), T=0Oblate: p=1 (a=b>c), T=0
Prolate: p=q (a>b=c), T=1Prolate: p=q (a>b=c), T=1
Hubble Symposium, March, 2008Hubble Symposium, March, 2008 Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"
Orbital structureOrbital structureOrbital structureOrbital structure
• Dominant prograde and retrograde Dominant prograde and retrograde short-axis tubes nearly cancelshort-axis tubes nearly cancel
• Retrogade long-axis tubes only Retrogade long-axis tubes only ~20% mass, but provide large scale ~20% mass, but provide large scale rotationrotation
• KDC no distinct separate KDC no distinct separate component; no age gradientcomponent; no age gradient
Hubble Symposium, March, 2008Hubble Symposium, March, 2008 Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"
Metallicity and age in NGC 4365Metallicity and age in NGC 4365Metallicity and age in NGC 4365Metallicity and age in NGC 4365
Davies et al. (2001, ApJ, 548, Davies et al. (2001, ApJ, 548, 33)33)
Hubble Symposium, March, 2008Hubble Symposium, March, 2008 Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"
Next stepsNext stepsNext stepsNext steps
• Built-up red sequenceBuilt-up red sequence- Complete sample AtlasComplete sample Atlas3D3D (265 E/S0, M (265 E/S0, MKK≤≤-21.5, D-21.5, D≤41 Mpc≤41 Mpc))- Axisymmetric/Triaxial dynamical models of fast/slow rotatorsAxisymmetric/Triaxial dynamical models of fast/slow rotators- Comparison with (cosmological) simulationsComparison with (cosmological) simulations
• Linking dynamics and stellar populationsLinking dynamics and stellar populations- Comparison using kinemetry Comparison using kinemetry ((Kuntschner et al. 2008, in prep.)Kuntschner et al. 2008, in prep.)- Including colors, ages and metallicities in dynamical modelsIncluding colors, ages and metallicities in dynamical models
• Other modeling applicationsOther modeling applications- Globular clusters Globular clusters (van de Ven et al. 2006, A&A, 445, 513)(van de Ven et al. 2006, A&A, 445, 513)- Dark halo Dark halo (Weijmans et al., 2008, MNRAS, 383, 1343)(Weijmans et al., 2008, MNRAS, 383, 1343)- Spiral galaxies Spiral galaxies (Ganda, van de Ven & Peletier, 2008, in prep.)(Ganda, van de Ven & Peletier, 2008, in prep.)- Gravitational lensing and dynamicsGravitational lensing and dynamics
Hubble Symposium, March, 2008Hubble Symposium, March, 2008 Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"
Summary in figuresSummary in figuresSummary in figuresSummary in figuresSlow rotatorsFast rotators Kinematical misalignment
KDCs
NGC 4365
Hubble Symposium, March, 2008Hubble Symposium, March, 2008 Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"
See also …See also …See also …See also …
http://www.strw.leidenuniv.nl/sauron/
http://www-astro.physics.ox.ac.uk/atlas3d/
Hubble Symposium, March, 2008Hubble Symposium, March, 2008 Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"
Dynamics of Dynamics of Globular ClustersGlobular Clusters
Dynamics of Dynamics of Globular ClustersGlobular Clusters
ωω Centauri Centauri
van de Ven et al. (2006, A&A, 445, 513)
Hubble Symposium, March, 2008Hubble Symposium, March, 2008 Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"Glenn van de Ven, "Triaxial galaxy models"
Ionized and cold gasIonized and cold gasIonized and cold gasIonized and cold gas
Weijmans et al. (2008, MNRAS, 383, 1343)
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