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TransitionsBridges between ideas and supporting
points
Function of transitions
Establishes logical connections between sentences, paragraphs, sections of a paper
Tells readers what to do with the information presented
Signal relationships between ideas 1. Another example coming up, stay alert. 2. Here is exception to my story3. Although seemingly true, here’s real story
Importance of transitions
Provide reader with directions on how to piece together your ideas
Make arguments logical, coherent Tell the reader to think about and react to
your ideas in a particular way.
Signs you might need to work on transitions Teacher or peer editor writes “choppy,” jumpy,” “abrupt,” “How is this related?” Readers indicate had trouble following
organization Paper was written in chunks and pasted
together Working on a group paper/pasted several
together
Before adding transitions Evaluate organization
1. In margins of draft, summarize in a word or short phrase
a. what each paragraph is about
b. How it fits into your analysis
This will help you to see the order and connection between your ideas more clearly.
Before adding transitions Evaluate organization 2. Review your margin notes. 3. Examine the links between ideas a. Do they make sense? b. Do they logically follow? 4. If the answer is “no,” problem is with
organization and cannot be fixed with transitions.
Types of organization
Order of importance—informational, persuasive
Cause and effect—informational, persuasive
Compare and contrast informational, persuasive
Transitions can be in these forms
1. word (first, secondly, consequently, finally)
2. Phrase (as a result, in contrast,)
3. Sentence
4. Paragraph (in longer works)
How they work1. Indicates the order in which writer chooses
to present parts of discussion
2. Indicates relationships constructed between the parts
Transitions between sections
include transitional paragraphs that summarize the information just given
and indicate the connection or importance to the next section
EX: While greed is intrinsic to the achievement of the American Dream, it is surpassed by the envy that many Americans
Transition between paragraphs
Highlight a relationship between ideas Summarize the previous paragraph and suggest
something of the paragraph that follows. Transitional words : However, for example,
similarly, etc Sentence (Because of the increasing emphasis on
improved standardized test scores, schools have begun to…)
To link similar ideas or to add on an idea Again equally important Also further moreover furthermore similarly in addition then besides in the same way As so as a result
To limit or contradict an idea Although however on the contrary Yet in spite of on the other hand
To indicate cause, purpose, or result As so as a result for this reason Because hence therefore Consequently since thus
To indicate an example, a summary, or a conclusion As a result in any event in short
Consequently in brief on the whole
For example in conclusion therefore
For instance for example in fact
Thus in any case words
to sum up in other Thus
How do I incorporate non-textuals—Art/photo In a famous painting
by Norman Rockwell, the extended family is shown gathered around the Thanksgiving table….
By using the grandmother as the focal point, Rockwell..
How do I incorporate non-textuals---Movie In the infamous movie, Wall Street that
exemplifies the prevailing greed of the 80’s era, the protagonist________ played by _____ just that “Greed is good.”
How do I incorporate non-textuals-charts and graphs In a graph compiled by the US Census
Bureau the data incates that ____% of the immigrants in the country in the beginning of the century were from Eastern Europe while…… From this it can be inferred…
How do I incorporate literary criticism? In Steinbeck’s classic The Grapes of Wrath,
he clearly demonstrates the impossibility of achieving the American dream when faced with a society and government bent on maintaining strict class lines. Joseph Kukasqueach, literary critic, explains , “Because Tom Joad is …” (Kukasqueach 29).
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