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This work has been carried out by Shafaq Hussain & Associates in response to a call out for a piece of work to discover narratives within the British Kashmiri community in Birmingham, to update our understanding of contemporary culture, people’s.engagement with the city and experience of the city’s cultural life. Find out more
ExecutiveSummary
Introduction
TransformingNarrativesisathree-yearprojectledbyCultureCentralwithworkstowardsBirminghambecomingaleadinginternationalcentreforcontemporarySouthAsianartspractice
TheinitiativeexpandedfromitsoriginalremittoincludeKashmiricommunities.
Thebriefwastoprovideaprofile,explorethemes,interestsandrelationshipswithtraditionalculturesandcountryoforiginforthecommunity.Inaddition,theprojectedexploredwhatculturalformsKashmirismostenjoyandcaptureanunderstandingoftheirlifeinBirmingham.
Researchwasundertakenthroughamixtureofquantitativeandqualitativemethodsusinganonlinequestionnaire,facetofaceinterviewwiththeuseofpaperquestionnairesandfacilitatedfocusgroupsession.
ItemergedsomeparticipantsspokelittleEnglish,otherswhocouldspeakbutwerenotabletoreadorwrite.ThiswasreflectiveofBirminghamCityCouncil’s2011statisticsrecordofHouseholdswhere23.1%ofAlumRock’spopulationof6,735didnothavepersonaged16andoverwhohadEnglishasmainlanguageand21.9%ofBordesleyGreen’spopulationof3645.
ThisgaveopportunitytouseduellanguageofPahariandEnglish,interactive;semipicturestoryandphotovoicesoparticipantscouldcommunicatetheirviews.
Transforming Narratives – Kashmir Voice – Research Birmingham 2019
ShafaqHussain&Associates
Therewere60participantsinitiallywhosedatawasanalysedandadditional12participantswhowishtotakepartintheprocessafterourdeadline.Themethodologyincludedsevenfocusgroupsinvolving28participantsalongwith6onlinequestionnairesurveysand26facetofaceinterviews.
Focusgroupsandinterviewswerevideoandaudiorecordedandsomeparticipantsconsentedtophotosbeingtaken.
AliteraturereviewwasconductedwhichalsolookedatdataonKashmiriswhoself-identifiedas‘Kashmir’inthe2011NationalCensus.ThiswasusedtocomperethepresenceandprofileofKashmiricommunityinBirmingham,howeveritshouldbenotedthatinabsenceofKashmiricategoryontheform,mostKashmirisselect‘Pakistani’asanavailablecategory.
ThismeanstheactualnumberofKashmirisinBritaincanonlybeestimatedyet.ThefirstestimationprovidedwasbyRogerBallardinEconomicandPoliticalWeeklywhenheasserts:“Somewhereintheregionoftwo-thirdsofallBritishPakistanisareinfactofAzadKashmirorigin”.(P514,1991).Theotheracademicstudieshassupportedthisfinding,forexampleSereneHussainpublishedfigureaspotentiallynearingamillioninherpaper‘MissingfromtheMinorityMainstream’andVirenderKalrainthisstudy‘UnknownandUnseen’,statethat,“over99%KashmirisinBritainoriginatefrom‘Azad’Kashmir”.However,thusfarthishasnotbeenverified.
ThedataofKashmiriswhoself-wrote“Kashmiri”in2011censusasthereisnoseparateKashmiriCategorywithintheNationalCensus.ThiswasusedtocomparethepresenceandprofileofKashmiricommunityinBirmingham.
KeyFindings
• InregardstoKashmiriArtsprovisions98%respondentsstatedtherewaslackofKashmirartformsavailableinBirmingham.
• Duringtheresearchinformationdissemination,identifyingpotentialparticipantsandthroughindividualinterviewsandfocusgroupsprocessespeoplewerevery‘surprised’onbeingvalued,withthefocusonthemandtheKashmiricommunity.
• 16%hadattendedCannonHillParkforEidMelabutnotforMACspecifically,othersattendedlocalcentresforartactivities,68%womenattendedwomenonlyartformsessionsatthewomencentreinAlumRock,62%menhadattendedMelasatWashwoodHeathandSmallHeathPark.
• OtherswerekeentosharehistoricaltraditionscarriedoninEnglandwhichevidencedtheneedfortheircultureandheritagetobeconserved.Forexample“buyingyourownhome"inEngland,wastheKashmiritraditionofbeingsecure,
“namingBusinessafteryourfather,motherorchild’sname”,“sendingmoneybackhometobuildKoti”(House).
• “Hospitality”,‘language’,‘food’,‘clothes’cameoutstronglyasadistinctfeatureofKashmircultureandtraditions.
• IntheabsenceofArtforms,Radio,TVprogramminginBritainofKashmirculture,YouTube,WhatsApp,andFacebookarefrequentlyusedtokeepintouchwithcountryoforigin,culturaltiessuchasmusic,artanddevelopments.‘Visiting’Kashmireveryyearormore,‘marrying’childrenfromfamiliesinKashmir
• Thekeepingholdoflanguagethroughartformsofsinging‘Gaalian’(weddingsongs),listeningtoSufimusic,storytellingandreminiscingemergedas‘essential’tokeeptraditionsandculturealive.Therewasfirmaspirationfromself-helppromoterstokeepidentityandculturealivebyorganisingeventstopromote‘Sufiwisdom’,localartists,encourageyoungergenerationstotake‘interest’and“preserverichproudhistory”.
• Themajority92%ofparticipantshadneverbeeninterviewedindepthforresearchandneededsupporttounderstandtheconceptofSurveys.
• Therecentfiguresestimatedthatthereareover200,000‘Pakistani’sinBirminghamandifthisrepresents75%KashmiristhentheArtsectorprovisionsarenotreflected.
• LifeinBirminghamprovidedverypositiveresponses“it’stheBest”,“ourhomelandnow”,“BeautifulCity”,“proud”,“wishmoreofourculturewasputon”andfewnegatives“rubbish”,‘”knifeCrime”,“Unemployment”“thingsforyoungerpeopletodo”
KeyThemeFindings
Profile
“Dothemainstreamknowweexist,whatwesing,playordo”A.Hussain-AzadKashmirFolkgroup
The2011CensusBirminghamfigureof144,627Pakistaniandwithonly29,403Urduspeakers’andassociatedtowardsWashwoodHeath(3,463),Springfield(3,428),Sparkbrook(3,299)andBordesleyGreen(3,283)locallyknownasKashmirpopulatedraisesconcernontheaccuracyofthedata.The2011censusBirminghamfigurealsostates10,827PakistaniPaharispeakers.
ThisisasurprisingasPaharilanguageisonlyassociatedwithKashmirisandthereisnodescriptionofPahariasalanguageofPakistan.Thisraisesconcernsonhowequalitydataisaccuratelycollectedandmonitored.Thenon-availabilityofseparateKashmiricategorytotickordescribethemselvescontributestotheKashmiricommunityconfusionabouttheirownidentityandpotentialdiscrepanciesinactualnumbers.ArecentfreedomofInformationresultstated43peopleofKashmiriheritagewererecordedoutofBirminghamCityCouncilsover10,000employees.
Itwasinteresting,thegenderdescriptionof1personnottosaypreferencewasdoneononlineandwewerenotabletogainanyotherinformationortheirviewonthischoice.
Wewereabletogetagoodagerepresentationanddiverseexperienceswithearlysettlersfrom50stoasrecentasjustoverIyear.
Wewantedtoseekeconomicbackgroundofparticipantsespeciallytocomparetheaffordabilityandaccessibilityissueforartforms.
Wewantedtogainsomeunderstandingonhowlanguageandcultureisassociatedandpracticed.ItwasinterestingtonotesomepeoplewereusingMirpuriasthiswasthelanguagerecognisedandusedbypublicandHealthsectors.SomeoftherespondentswereusingPahariandMirpuriathometo‘conserveandpassonthelanguageofmyparents’tomychildren’.
CulturalPracticesandOffer
RespondentsstatedArtandcultureismissedbyjustonceayearMelasorEidevents.
Thereis‘self-help’organisingofculturaleventsbythecommunitybutlackprofessionalandfinancialsupporttoreachtowidergroupsuchaswomen,familiesandthewidernonKashmiraudiences.
LocalartistsreportedthattheywantedtolearnandupskillthemselvesbutwerenotgivenchancesinlocalandmajoreventsinBirminghamasInternationalandrecognisedartistswereused.TheywerestrugglingtodedicatetimetotheirprofessionduetoearninglivingelsewheresuchasTaxisdrivers.
86%statedvenuesoutsidethecommunitywerenotaccessibleforthemandwantedarteventsatlocalcommunitycentres,libraries,womencentres.
TheeventsthatareprogrammedthatincludeKashmiriartistsweresaidtobeexpensiveby78%ofrespondents.68%statedtheywantedwomenonlyartformssuchasjewellery,craftmaking,andembroideryworkshops.
Theonlyculturalpracticesavailablewereweddings,birthday,Jamaal(haircuttingceremonyfornewbornchild),Milaads,cinemaorfundraisingeventsasartforms.96%statedtheywouldattendifthereweremoreKashmiriartformsavailable.
TherewasacknowledgementthatBirminghamwasnotreflectiveintermsofKashmiricultureandpresenceofartforms.Only7peoplehadattendedKashmiri‘associated’arteventsatthemainstream,2hadattendedaKashmirifilmatMAC,twoattendedBirminghammuseumforaKashmirArtfestivalin2017.
SomerespondentsusedcinemaasaformofentertainmentbutreportedmostlyBollywoodorfewPakistanifilmsscreened,howevertheuseofNetflixforotherfilmsandFacebook,WhatsApp,YouTubeforKashmirimusicandentertainmentisused.
KashmiriVoiceandTNwerepromotedthroughlotofconversations;informalnetworkingatshoppingmalls,garages,parks,outsideschoolgates,visitstoorganisations,mosques,andsportscentresestimatedtobequantifiedtoover200people.
Participantswereverykeentosharetheirstoriesonculture,identity,heritage,artforms,oneexampleofaprofessionalwhocompletedhisquestionnairewithverybriefanswerslaterrequestedtobevideoed.Thisresultedintheendspentagood90minutescoveringin-depthtopics.
Identity
Kashmirwomenrespondentslikenedearlymigrantsas“sherneeyan”(lionesses)astheylivedwith10-15othermaleswiththeirhusbandinonehousehold.ThesewomencontributedtootherwomenbeingcalledtoEnglandbytheirhusbands.Othersreferredwomenasthefirstoneswhocreated‘entrepreneurs’,‘cohesion’and‘integration’byhaving‘white‘families’livingaslodgerstocreatefinancialsecurity.
Othersgaveexamplesofhowlearntartskillssuchasclaymakingwereusedtomake‘tandoors’ingardenstocookchapattis,grillfoodandpracticetheold“Saad”(Call)traditionofgatheringstosingtraditional‘Gaalian’(wedding,party),Saif-ul-Malook(JourneyofLove)-KashmirimostfamousPoetryandfolksongs.
ThefirstandsecondgenerationKashmirisusedartforms,traditionalsports,cookingandclothingtopreservetheiridentityandculture.BusinesseshaveestablishedrecognitionoftheiridentitybythenamesassociatedtotheirancestralhomelandsforexampleDadyalcashandcarryandKashmirijewellers.
ArtFormsandArtist
TherewasoverwhelmingrecognitionArtformsespeciallymusic,poetry,songsandfolkstoriesofwisdomwerepartofKashmiriculture,heritage,identifyandwerecontributingtothepreservationoflanguage,traditionsandasoneartiststated‘ourdistinctPechaan’(recognition)
Themajorityof60participants,96%thatstatedtherearenotenoughartformsforKashmirisinBirminghamandwouldattendartformsiftherewerelocal,accessibleandreflectedtheirculture.ThefocussessionsraisedthelackofinterventionbymainstreamartorganisationsandexclusionofKashmiriartforminmainstreamofferswasevident.SomerespondentsstatedyearlyMelasandfeweventsatlocalvenuesdidnotreflectordojusticetotheartforms.
Onsuggestion,howtoimproveartformoffer,therespondentswantedmorepresenceandprofileofKashmiriartform,thelocalartistsraisedsupportin‘upskilling’,‘mentoring’,‘coaching’andaccessibilityfordevelopmentgrants.
Otherissuesraisedwereartisthavingtoworkastaxidriverstocompensateprofession,“thereisstillbelittlingandderogatorywords,usedtodescribetheseprofessionandstrongprejudiceagainstsomeartformsbasedonassociationwithCastesuchasDhollPlaying.Theincreaseof‘orthodox’interpretationofreligiousvaluewhereArtandCulturewas
‘forbidden’andactivelybeendiscouragedincertainareaswasaconcernforartistandparticipants.
Severalsuggestionswerenoted“Ladyonlyeventsduringthedayduetochildcareissues”“advertisementsonsocialmedia”,acommenttoengageyoungpeoplestated“MoreproductsshouldbeproducedfromKashmiriartistsforYouTube,Facebook,”
Language
TheimportanceoflanguagesurfacedasoneofthekeyfindingsforKashmiris,theuseofsocialmedia,YouTube,WhatsAppforKashmiristowatchhousesandstreetsinMirpur.
PreservingKashmiricultureandheritagethroughkeepingandcampaigningforlanguagedidnotcomeeasyforthefirstandsecondgeneration,thereweremajorcampaignsandpressuregroupstocampaignforthisaspectoftradition,identityandculturetobeprotectedandpromoted.
ThelanguageofPahariisoneoftheoldestinsouthAsiaanditsrichhistorygoesbackto16thcenturybutduetonon-recognitionitsuffereddevelopmentincludingitswrittenform.ThemostsignificantwayitsustaineditsexistenceandrecognitionwasduetothefamousKashmiripoetMianMohammedBakhshwhowroteandsanginpaharianditsfamousSaif–ul–Malook(JourneyofLove)isworldrenownedpoetrysangbymostfamousartistsfromsouthAsia.
Theimportanceanditslinktopreservingofpartofculture,pahariisspokeninKashmirihouseholdsasonerespondentsstated“wanttopassthelangueofmyparentstomychildren“
Recommendations
1. ItisrecommendedthatallmainstreamArtsorganisationsandpartnersincludetheKashmircategoryintheirethnicmonitoringsystemssotheservicesoffered,deliveredandtakeupisinclusiveandhelpdeterminefuturepolicies,strategiesandresources.
2. TheBirminghamKashmiricommunityanditsorganisationstoworkwithinstitutionsforspecificstudyonKashmirnumbersandneedsandhowfairermonitoringsystemscanbeimplemented.
3. CreationofaKashmiriArtsforumsupportedbymainstreamArtorganisationsthatcreatesnetworking,jointprogrammingofKashmirartforms,addresseslanguage,cultureandidentityusinglocalartistsandparticipants.
4. BespokeandspecialKashmireventssuchasKashmirArtFestivalsupportedandofferedbyMainstreamorganisationswillhelptheKashmircommunityfeel‘included’andconfidentthatitscultureandpresenceisvalued.Thisofferorganisedand
deliveredincollaborationwithKashmiriartorganisationswillplaceequalityofopportunityatheart.
5. MainstreamartsorganisationstoencourageKashmiriartiststobementored,coached,performandattract‘bursary’andothergrantsupportavailable.
6. ArtOrganisationshelpreviveKashmiriArtFestivaltocelebratethediverseartformsandtalentsofKashmiriartists.
7. ArtorganisationsraiseawarenessineducationalsettingsofKashmiriculture,poetryandliteraturebyintroducingheritageenrichedassemblies,KashmiriartintheCommunity.
8. ArtorganisationsthroughTransformingNarrativestakeupelementofartformthattheycanofferassupportin-kindcontributioni.e.MACfreeCinemaspaceforKashmirifilms
9. BritishCouncilandTransformingNarrativesandPartnersexploreandencouragemakingMirpurDistrictaHub
10. BritishCouncilandTNtoinvitespecialdelegationfromKashmirtoformpartoftheiroffer
11. ArtsCouncil,BritishCouncil,TNandMainstreamArtorganisationsinvolvetheKashmiriCommunityinitsInstitutionalstructures,Artsofferanddeliveryofservices.
12. ArtsCouncil,BritishCouncil,TNandMainstreamArtorganisationsembedpolicies,strategiesandperformancetargettosupportKashmiriArtorganisationsengagementandaccessInstitutionssuchasBirminghamCityCouncil,DFID,ArtPhilanthropyCommunity
13. ArtCouncil,BritishCouncil,TNanditsmainstreamartorganisationsshouldempowerandsupportKashmirArtorganisationswhoarelaggingbehindotherSouthAsiancommunitiestoofferdiverseArtforms
14. ArtCouncil,BritishCouncil,TNanditsmainstreamartorganisationsshouldempowerandsupportKashmirArtorganisationsthatarefacingchallengesandincreasingbarrierssuchas‘narrow’interpretationofIslamandculturalpracticesfromwithinsomesectionsoftheBirminghamcommunitytodiscourageArtformssuchasmusic,dramaandcelebrationofculture.
15. BritishCouncil,ArtsCouncil,TNandpartnersshouldexplorepreviousConnectionswithKashmirsuchas‘BirminghamMirpurFriendshipTreaty‘andBritishCouncil’s‘ConnectingMirpur–UK’asfoundationstobuildonor‘lessonsLearnt’topursuenewcollaborativeinitiatives.
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