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8/17/2019 Training - Flowserve Apm Pump Cw Pump
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IntroductionPersonnel qualification and training
•All personnel involved in the operation, installation, inspection andmaintenance of the unit must be qualified to carry out the workinvolved.
Flowserve Corporation Property and Confidential 3
Centrifugal Pump Basics
Flowserve Corporation Property and Confidential 4
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Why do we need pumps?
Centrifugal Pump Basics
To force liquid into a pressure vessel – Pumps move liquid from a low pressure area to a higher pressure
area.
Flowserve Corporation Property and Confidential 7
How Centrifugal Pumps function?
Centrifugal Pump Basics
•A centrifugal pump works on the principle of converting the kineticenergy of a flowing liquid (velocity pressure) into static pressure.
•This action is described by Bernoulli's Principle.
•Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in velocity occurssimultaneously with decrease in pressure.
Flowserve Corporation Property and Confidential
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Bernoulli's Principle
Centrifugal Pump Basics
Flowserve Corporation Property and Confidential 9
The figure above illustrates how the airparticles separate at the front of the wingand join back together at the back.
How Centrifugal Pumps function?
Centrifugal Pump Basics
The energy conversion results in an increased pressure on thedownstream side of the pump causing flow.
Flowserve Corporation Property and Confidential
Typical Centrifugal Pump
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How Centrifugal Pumps function?
Centrifugal Pump Basics
Point A:The liquid enters thepump at the suctionflange.
Flowserve Corporation Property and Confidential
How Centrifugal Pumps function?
Centrifugal Pump Basics
Point B:The liquid flows intothe eye of the impeller.
Flowserve Corporation Property and Confidential
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Centrifugal Pump BasicsPositive Displacement v s. Centrifugal Pumps
Flowserve Corporation Property and Confidential 15
Centrifugal Pump BasicsPositive Displacement v s. Centrifugal Pumps
Flowserve Corporation Property and Confidential 16
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Centrifugal Pumps
Centrifugal Pump Basics
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Centrifugal Pump BasicsFoot Mounted Pumps
• Mounted by their feet to the base• Normally found in low temperature applications
• At high temperatures, the shaft to driver alignment will be affected
Flowserve Corporation Property and Confidential 18
Overhung Foot MountedRadial Split Pump
Between Bearings FootMounted Axial Split Pump
Multi Stage Foot MountedRadial Split Pump
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Centrifugal Pump BasicsCenterline Mounted Pumps
•Required by The American Petroleum Institute (API)•Allows for heat expansion•Pump and driver alignment will not be affected
Flowserve Corporation Property and Confidential 19
Overhung Centerline Mounted Multi Stage Centerline Mounted
Q&A
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Centrifugal Pump BasicsUnderstanding Hydraulic Thrust in the Pump
•Thrust is the hydraulic forces acting on the impeller
•Created by pressures developed in and around the impeller
•Change of direction of flow through the impeller.
Flowserve Corporation Property and Confidential 21
Centrifugal Pump BasicsRadial Forces in a Pump
The pressure being higher in area 2than in area 1 causes a radial force
acting against the rotating element asindicated in picture.
1
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2
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Centrifugal Pump BasicsControl of Radial Forces in the Pump
•Single volute
•Double volute
•Diffuser style casing
Flowserve Corporation Property and Confidential 23
Single volute
Centrifugal Pump BasicsSingle Volute Compared to Double Volute Type Casing
Radial forces are more balanced in a double or dual volute style pump.
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Double Volute
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Centrifugal Pump BasicsDiffuser Style Pump
• Fluid directed by multiple cutwaters
• Results in near balancing of radial forces
• Normally used in high to very high head applications.
Flowserve Corporation Property and Confidential 25
Centrifugal Pump BasicsCasing Types Radial Load Comparison
Minimum radial force is at Best Efficiency Point(BEP) with operation to the right or left of BEP
producing higher radial loads.
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Pump Curve
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Centrifugal Pump BasicsImpeller Designs
Impeller designs grouped as either radial flow, mixed flow, or axial flowdepending on their hydraulic geometry.
Flowserve Corporation Property and Confidential 27
Mixed Flow Closed Impeller Double Suction
Impeller Types
Centrifugal Pump Basics
Impeller configuration as enclosed impeller, semi-open impeller, opensimpeller. In addition, Impeller types can identify single suction or double
suction configurations.
Flowserve Corporation Property and Confidential 28
Open Impeller Semi-open Reverse Vane
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Centrifugal Pump BasicsSealing Device
A device used to control leakage between the rotating pump shaft andthe stationary pump case or rear cover, usually either packing or amechanical seal.
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Centrifugal Pump BasicsSupport for Radial Forces
•Radial bearing
•Wear rings
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The radial bearing is closest to theimpeller commonly on overhung pumps
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Centrifugal Pump BasicsMain Advantage for Using Wear Rings
• Reduced maintenance cost
• Front wear rings reduce internal recirculation
• Back wear reduce axial thrust and moderate the seal chamberpressure.
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Centrifugal Pump Basics Axial Forces in the Pump
Axial force is the result of higherpressure forming behind the
impeller forcing the impeller in thedirection of lowest pressure
Shaft Axial Movement
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Pump Support for Ax ial Forces
Centrifugal Pump Basics
Thrust bearings (Axial bearings) isnormally the bigger bearing or twoback to back bearings and lockeddown in the pump casing
Flowserve Corporation Property and Confidential 33
Axial Bearing (Thrust Bearing)
Balance Holes and Impeller Back Vanes
Centrifugal Pump Basics
•The balance holes allow the liquid that has moved behind the impellerto pass through
•Resulting in reduced axial loads on the pump
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Impeller Balance Holes
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Balance Holes and Impeller Back Vanes
Centrifugal Pump Basics
•Back pumping vanes remove the liquid frombehind the impeller and pump it toward thepump discharge
•Moderate the seal chamber pressure as wellas reduce the axial loads.
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Impeller Back Vanes
Using a Balance Drum For Multistage Ring Section Pumps
Centrifugal Pump Basics
Flowserve Corporation Property and Confidential 36
Ring Section Radial Split Pumpfitted with Balance Drum
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Impeller Back t o Back Ar rangements
Centrifugal Pump Basics
•For multistage double volute style pumps
•The axial thrust is partly balanced
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Rotor indicate the direction of fl ow within t he pump
Using a Double Suction Impeller
Centrifugal Pump Basics
•For single stage pumps•Low pressure at both ends of the pump
•Result in axial balance of the rotating element
Flowserve Corporation Property and Confidential 38
Between Bearings Axial Split pump with dou ble suction impeller
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