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Today: How do genes work? Discussions begin/began this week. Homework #1 posted. Fig 5.26. Information flow in cells. Protein. Fig 5.21. Proteins are the “doers” of the cell. They act as: Enzymes Structural Support Transporters Signals. Proteins are a string of amino acids. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Fig 5.21
Proteins are a string of amino acids
Proteins are the “doers” of the cell.They act as:•Enzymes•Structural Support•Transporters•Signals
a gene - DNA used to produce RNA or protein
The relationship between DNA and genes
promoter coding region terminator non-geneDNA
DNA Composition:In humans:
•Each cell contains ~6 billion nucleotides of DNA.
•This DNA is ~2 meters long and 2 nm wide.
•~98% does not directly code for amino acids
•In a single human cell only about 3-5% of genes are expressed at a time.
Width of DNA
Length of human DNAin each cell
The length of DNA in each of your cells is longer than you are tall.
Power of ten:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A2cmlhfdxuY
Fig 6.2
DNA Composition:In humans:
•Each cell contains ~6 billion base pairs of DNA.
•This DNA is ~2 meters long and 2 nm wide.
•~1.5% directly codes for amino acids
•~25% is genes
•In a single human cell only about 5-10% of genes are expressed at a time.
a gene - DNA used to produce RNA or protein
The relationship between DNA and genes
promoter coding region terminator non-geneDNA
How can 4 nucleotides code for 20 amino acids?
IF
Ratio(nucleotide:amino acid) Possible combinations
1:1 41 4
How can 4 nucleotides code for 20 amino acids?
IF
Ratio(nucleotide:amino acid) Possible combinations
1:1 41 42:1 42 16
How can 4 nucleotides code for 20 amino acids?
IF
Ratio(nucleotide:amino acid) Possible combinations
1:1 41 42:1 42 163:1 43 64
How can 4 nucleotides code for 20 amino acids?
IF
Ratio(nucleotide:amino acid) Possible combinations
1:1 41 42:1 42 163:1 43 64
•There are more possible combinations than amino acids.
The fat cat ate the rat.
change one letter
The zat cat ate the rat.
The atc ata tet her at.
delete one letter
fig 5.26Genes contain the information to make RNA and/or proteins.
The information in genes is what to make and when to make it.
Protein
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