The Roaring Twenties. Focus: How does communism differ from American capitalism and democracy

The Roaring TwentiesThe Roaring Twenties

Focus: How does Focus: How does communism differ from communism differ from

American capitalism and American capitalism and democracydemocracy

I. Red Scare and Nativism I. Red Scare and Nativism

1.1. Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution

A. Bolsheviks take over RussiaA. Bolsheviks take over Russia

a.a. Change its name the Soviet Change its name the Soviet UnionUnion

b.b. Communism - a system with Communism - a system with one party and gov’t ownership one party and gov’t ownership of everything.of everything.

2. Red Scare2. Red Scare

A.A. Some in U.S. were joining Some in U.S. were joining Communist groups.Communist groups.

B.B. People were afraid Communism People were afraid Communism would spread.would spread.

3.3. RaidsRaids

A.A. Mitchell Palmer (Congressman)Mitchell Palmer (Congressman)

a.a. led communist raidsled communist raids

b.b. tried to find people who were a tried to find people who were a threat to Americathreat to America

4.4. Sacco and VanzettiSacco and Vanzetti

A.A. Two Italian radicals who avoided Two Italian radicals who avoided the draft.the draft.

B.B. Accused of murderAccused of murder

a.a. did not get a fair trialdid not get a fair trial

b.b. sentenced to death (Aug 23, sentenced to death (Aug 23, 1927)1927)

5.5. KKK (Ku Klux Klan)KKK (Ku Klux Klan)

A.A. 1924 - 4.5 million members1924 - 4.5 million members

B.B. Harassment of people unlike Harassment of people unlike themselvesthemselves

II. Management - Labor II. Management - Labor ConflictsConflicts

1.1. StrikesStrikes

A.A. Following WWI there many strikes Following WWI there many strikes in an attempt to raise wages that in an attempt to raise wages that had been adjusted for post war had been adjusted for post war inflationinflation

a. Inflation – the rise in the a. Inflation – the rise in the general level of prices of goods general level of prices of goods and services.and services.

2.2. Boston Police StrikeBoston Police Strike

A.A. Boston police went on strike Boston police went on strike because working conditions were because working conditions were poor and wages were lowpoor and wages were low

3.3. Steel Mill StrikeSteel Mill Strike

a.a. An attempt by steel workers to An attempt by steel workers to strike because many of their jobs strike because many of their jobs had been lost to technological had been lost to technological advancements.advancements.

Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

1.1. How were Sacco and Vanzetti How were Sacco and Vanzetti victims of Nativism?victims of Nativism?

2.2. How would better technology lead How would better technology lead to strikes?to strikes?

Focus: How have consumer products Focus: How have consumer products changed compared to 20 years agochanged compared to 20 years ago

III. Christian FundamentalismIII. Christian Fundamentalism

1.1. Fundamentalism - movement based Fundamentalism - movement based on literal interpretation of the bibleon literal interpretation of the bible

2.2. Creationism – The belief that the Creationism – The belief that the creation of the earth is scientifically creation of the earth is scientifically described in the Bible.described in the Bible.

3.3. Scopes TrialScopes Trial

A.A. In 1925 in Tennessee it is a crime In 1925 in Tennessee it is a crime to teach evolutionto teach evolution

B.B. John Scopes - biology teacherJohn Scopes - biology teacher

C.C. Clarence Darrow - his lawyerClarence Darrow - his lawyer

D.D. Scopes loses and is fined $100 by Scopes loses and is fined $100 by the jurythe jury

IV. Changing LifestylesIV. Changing Lifestyles

1.1. Urban Sprawl - cities spread in all Urban Sprawl - cities spread in all directionsdirections

A.A. Changes: Changes:

a.a. GaragesGarages

b.b. Gas stationsGas stations

c.c. Traffic lights.Traffic lights.

B.B. Route 66Route 66

2.2. ElectricityElectricity

a.a. Most households (except farms) Most households (except farms) had it.had it.

b.b. New items: irons, New items: irons, refrigerators, ranges, etc.refrigerators, ranges, etc.

3.3. Buying on CreditBuying on Credit

A.A. Installment Plan - buy over an Installment Plan - buy over an extended period of time. Low extended period of time. Low interest.interest.

B.B. Many thought economic Many thought economic prosperity would last forever!!!prosperity would last forever!!!

4.4. LifestylesLifestyles

A.A. Millions Moving to citiesMillions Moving to cities

a.a. Fast paceFast pace

b.b. Movies, museums, plays, Movies, museums, plays, sporting eventssporting events

B.B. Birth rate dropsBirth rate drops

C.C. Better consumer productsBetter consumer products

a.a. Sliced breadSliced bread

b.b. canned foodscanned foods

D.D. More kids go to school instead of More kids go to school instead of workwork

a.a. By 1926 - 4 million students By 1926 - 4 million students enrolled in High Schoolenrolled in High School

5.5. Heroes and other Important FiguresHeroes and other Important Figures

A.A. Sports become wildly popularSports become wildly popular

a.a. Babe Ruth - N.Y. Yankees Babe Ruth - N.Y. Yankees SluggerSlugger

b.b. Satchel Paige, Jackie RobinsonSatchel Paige, Jackie Robinson

c.c. Negro Leagues - Founded in Negro Leagues - Founded in 19201920

B.B. Famous FirstsFamous Firsts

a.a. Gertrude Ederle - 1926 - First Gertrude Ederle - 1926 - First woman to swim the English woman to swim the English ChannelChannel

b.b. Charles Lindbergh - first not Charles Lindbergh - first not stop solo flight across the stop solo flight across the Atlantic Atlantic

C.C. CelebritiesCelebrities

a.a. Charlie Chaplin - movie starCharlie Chaplin - movie star

b.b. Mickey MouseMickey Mouse

c.c. George Gershwin – musicianGeorge Gershwin – musician

d.d. F. Scott Fitzgerald - novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald - novelist (Great Gatsby)(Great Gatsby)

e.e. Ernest HemingwayErnest Hemingway

D.D. Tabloids, Magazines and Radio Tabloids, Magazines and Radio become popularbecome popular

Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

1.1. Why would the Scopes Trial be Why would the Scopes Trial be known as the “Trial of the Century.”known as the “Trial of the Century.”

2.2. What evidence shows that people What evidence shows that people were better off in the 20’s than were better off in the 20’s than before WWI?before WWI?

Focus: What is corruption?Focus: What is corruption?

V. Republican PresidencyV. Republican Presidency

1.1. 1920 – “A Return to Normalcy”1920 – “A Return to Normalcy”

A.A. Warren G. Harding becomes Warren G. Harding becomes presidentpresident

a.a. Calvin Coolidge becomes V.P.Calvin Coolidge becomes V.P.

b.b. Goal is to return to normal after Goal is to return to normal after the war.the war.

B. America was tired of war and eight B. America was tired of war and eight years of Democrat Wilsonyears of Democrat Wilson

a.a. The nation welcomed the non-The nation welcomed the non-controversial Harding who was a controversial Harding who was a small time self-made businessmansmall time self-made businessman

C.C. Harding is the classic RepublicanHarding is the classic Republican

a.a. Tax CutsTax Cuts

b.b. Help for big businessHelp for big business

c.c. America-first foreign policyAmerica-first foreign policy

d.d. Rejection of the League of NationsRejection of the League of Nations

e.e. Stiff tariffs to protect American Stiff tariffs to protect American industryindustry

D.D. Kellogg-Briand PactKellogg-Briand Pact

a.a. 64 Nations signed it64 Nations signed it

b.b. Renounced war as an Renounced war as an instrument of national policyinstrument of national policy

c.c. U.S. becomes isolationistsU.S. becomes isolationists

i.i. opposition to political or opposition to political or social entanglementssocial entanglements

E.E. Dawes PlanDawes Plan

a.a. to avoid another war, U.S. to avoid another war, U.S. banks loan Germany 2.5 billion banks loan Germany 2.5 billion dollars to pay their debts.dollars to pay their debts.

b.b. Germany then pays the U.S.Germany then pays the U.S.

F.F. Quota SystemQuota System

a.a. There was a maximum number There was a maximum number of immigrants allowed to come of immigrants allowed to come to the U.S. (exceptions for the to the U.S. (exceptions for the W. Hemisphere)W. Hemisphere)

b.b. No Japanese allowed at allNo Japanese allowed at all

G.G. Ohio GangOhio Ganga.a. Cabinet members that were Cabinet members that were

Harding’s friendsHarding’s friendsH.H. ScandalsScandals

a.a. Scandals rocked Harding's Scandals rocked Harding's administrationadministration

b.b. Millions were taken from the Millions were taken from the Veterans Admin. HospitalsVeterans Admin. Hospitals

c.c. Harding’s Attorney Gen. was Harding’s Attorney Gen. was implicated for fraudimplicated for fraud

I.I. Teapot DomeTeapot Dome

a.a. Most famous scandal involved Most famous scandal involved Teapot DomeTeapot Dome

b.b. Two oil reserves Two oil reserves

i.i. Elk Hills, CAElk Hills, CA

ii.ii. Teapot Dome, WYTeapot Dome, WY

c.c. The areas were marked for The areas were marked for future use of the US Navyfuture use of the US Navy

d.d. Sec. of Interior got a hold of Sec. of Interior got a hold of the landsthe lands

i.i. Sold off drilling leases to Sold off drilling leases to private developersprivate developers

ii.ii. Received thousands in Received thousands in bribesbribes

J.J. Presidential TragedyPresidential Tragedy

a.a. As the Teapot Dome Scandal As the Teapot Dome Scandal was being investigated, Pres. was being investigated, Pres. Harding suffered a fatal heart Harding suffered a fatal heart attack.attack.

b.b. Sec. of Interior was convicted of Sec. of Interior was convicted of briberybribery

2.2. New PresidentNew President

A.A. Coolidge was untainted by the Coolidge was untainted by the scandals and took Harding’s place scandals and took Harding’s place and easily won reelection in 1924.and easily won reelection in 1924.

a.a. Known as “Silent Cal” because Known as “Silent Cal” because of his hands-off approach to the of his hands-off approach to the officeoffice

3. Herbert Hoover 3. Herbert Hoover A.A. ““A vote for Smith is a vote for A vote for Smith is a vote for

the Pope,” proclaimed banners in the Pope,” proclaimed banners in 19281928

B.B. Smith also favored the repeal of Smith also favored the repeal of ProhibitionProhibition

C.C. Hoovers slogan was “Rum, Hoovers slogan was “Rum, Romanism and Ruin.”Romanism and Ruin.”

D.D. Hoover announced an abolition of Hoover announced an abolition of povertypoverty

Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

1.1. What evidence shows that What evidence shows that Americans had become Americans had become isolationists?isolationists?

2.2. What scandals plagued the Harding What scandals plagued the Harding Presidency? Presidency?

Focus: How is the United States Focus: How is the United States culturally diverse?culturally diverse?

VI. The Jazz AgeVI. The Jazz Age

1.1. Great Migration - African Americans Great Migration - African Americans move from South to Northmove from South to North

a.a. Tensions escalate in the NorthTensions escalate in the North

A.A. NAACPNAACP

a.a. Led by W.E.B. Du BoisLed by W.E.B. Du Bois

b.b. Worked on anti-lynching Worked on anti-lynching legislationlegislation

B.B. Marcus Garvey (Jamaican)Marcus Garvey (Jamaican)

a.a. Universal Negro Improvement Universal Negro Improvement AssociationAssociation

b.b. Believed African-Americans Believed African-Americans should form separate society should form separate society (move to Africa)(move to Africa)

c.c. Arrested for mail fraud and Arrested for mail fraud and deported back to Jamaicadeported back to Jamaica

2.2. Harlem - “Capital of Black America”Harlem - “Capital of Black America”

A.A. Harlem Renaissance - literary and Harlem Renaissance - literary and artistic movement.artistic movement.

a.a. Langston Hughes – poet from Langston Hughes – poet from MissouriMissouri

b.b. Countee Cullen - poetCountee Cullen - poet

c.c. Claude McKay - poetClaude McKay - poet

d.d. Zora Neale Hurston -folklorist Zora Neale Hurston -folklorist

B.B. Musicians of the Jazz AgeMusicians of the Jazz Age

a.a. Louis ArmstrongLouis Armstrong

b.b. Duke EllingtonDuke Ellington

c.c. Bessie SmithBessie Smith

VII. ProhibitionVII. Prohibition1.1. 1818thth Amendment Amendment

A.A. Prohibition - prohibits manufacture, Prohibition - prohibits manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages.beverages.

a.a. Rural south and west supportRural south and west support

b.b. Alcohol is a part of immigrant Alcohol is a part of immigrant cultureculture

c.c. Speakeasies - underground saloons Speakeasies - underground saloons and nightclubsand nightclubs

d.d. Bootleggers - liquor smugglersBootleggers - liquor smugglers

2.2. Organized CrimeOrganized Crime

A.A. People had to turn to gangsters People had to turn to gangsters to get access to alcohol.to get access to alcohol.

B.B. Al Capone – bootleggerAl Capone – bootlegger

a.a. netted over $60 million a year.netted over $60 million a year.

b.b. Killed off competitionKilled off competition

VIII. Status of WomenVIII. Status of Women

1.1. More women in the work forceMore women in the work force

A.A. 1930 - 10 million women working1930 - 10 million women working

a. Earned less than men, rarely a. Earned less than men, rarely promoted to management.promoted to management.

B.B. Wanted equal status as men.Wanted equal status as men.

2.2. Flappers - young women who Flappers - young women who embraced the new fashions and embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes of the day.urban attitudes of the day.

a.a. HatsHats

b.b. Waist-less short dressesWaist-less short dresses

c.c. beads and braceletsbeads and bracelets

d.d. Bob haircutsBob haircuts

e.e. Smoking, drinking, dancing. Smoking, drinking, dancing.

Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

What factors led to the rise of What factors led to the rise of organized crime?organized crime?

How did the role of women change How did the role of women change during the 20’s?during the 20’s?

The End!The End!