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The Rise of Industry in the United States. U.S. Industrializes. After Civil War, the U.S. rapidly expands Millions left their farms to work in mines and factories Early 1900s, the U.S. becomes the world’s leading industrial nation - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Rise of Industry in the United States
U.S. IndustrializesAfter Civil War, the U.S. rapidly
expandsMillions left their farms to work in
mines and factoriesEarly 1900s, the U.S. becomes the
world’s leading industrial nationBy 1914, the GNP was 8 times
greater than at the end of the Civil War
GNP (gross national product)- total value of all goods and services produced by a country
ReasonsAbundant Natural Resources
U.S. was fortunate to have an abundance of natural resources: water, timber, coal, iron, & copper
Could be obtained cheaply and not have to be imported from other countries
Mining and the Transcontinental RR helped spark the growth of industry
ReasonsAbundant Natural Resources
Oil was found. High demand for kerosene.
Edwin Drake (1859) drilled first oil well in PA, then spread all the way to TX by 1900, fueling economic expansion.
First Oil Well
ReasonsLarge Work Force
Human resources were as important to industrialization as were natural resources
Between 1860 & 1910, U.S. population tripled
People were having larger families
Large number of immigrants to U.S (About 20 million arrived between 1870 – 1910)
Italian Immigrants1880
ReasonsFree Enterprise
Practice of “laissez-faire” (let people do as they choose)
Belief that government should not interfere with the economy
Relies upon supply & demand creating competition among businesses & lower prices
AdamSmith
ReasonsFree Enterprise
Many entrepreneurs (people willing to risk their money to start a business) appeared in late 1800s
Private capital from foreign investors (make more $ in U.S. than home countries) also helped spur industrial growth.
The majority of foreign investors were British.
ReasonsGovernment’s Role in
IndustrializationU.S. practiced laissez-faire in late 1800s:
low taxes, low spending, little regulation of businesses, wages, and prices
During the Civil War the Morrill Tariff was passed to protect American businesses and to allow them to compete with Western Europe
ReasonsGovernment’s Role in
IndustrializationHigher tariffs contradicted laisses-faire and hurt American trade as foreign countries raised tariffs on U.S. products also
The higher tariffs also hurt farmers who wanted to sell their products to Europe.
Ironically the problems farmers faced may have helped to speed up the Industrial growth as many rural Americans left their farms and headed to the cities to take jobs in factories.
Technology: New Inventions
Alexander Graham Bell
Telephone 1876
Technology: New Inventions
Technology: New InventionsThomas Edison
Thomas Edison created 1,093 inventions.He was still inventing when he died on October 18, 1931.
Technology: New InventionsThomas Edison
The Light BulbEdison began
work on the light bulb in 1877.
This led to the 1st commercial light system; constructed in Manhattan.
Technology: New InventionsThomas Edison
The phonograph was Edison’s favorite invention, patented in 1878.
It was developed due to his involvement with the telegraph and the telephone.
Edison wanted a phonograph in every home.
The first phonograph used tin foil on a cylinder, Edison recorded Mary Had A Little Lamb
Technology: New InventionsThomas Edison
Motion Picture Camera (kinetograph)
Talking DollElectric MotorStorage BatteryMotion Picture Viewer
(kinetoscope) Founded the motion picture
industry
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