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Greece made up of two parts:◦ mainland
◦ hundreds of small islands
Two main features: ◦Mountains
◦Seas
Geography
MOUNTAIN RANGES
mountain ranges separated the small, independent Greek communities
caused them to develop different ways of life
SEAS
Encourage trade with each other and other civilizations
Greek City states relied on trade because of the land was not good for farming.
Greek Polis
included a city and the surrounding land and villages. Usually located on a hill.
Government buildings and temples
AGORA: an open area where people could meet or shop.
Monarchy
•State ruled by a king•Rule is hereditary•Some rulers claim divine right •Form practiced in
Mycenae(2000 BCE)
Possible Forms of Governments found in Greece
Aristocracy/Oligarchy
•State ruled by nobility•Rule is hereditary and based
on family wealth•Social status and wealth
support rulers’ authority•Form practiced in
Athens(Prior to 594 BCE)
Tyranny
• Rule by a Tyrant• Has all of the power• Rules for the people
Direct democracy
•State ruled by citizens
•Rule is based on citizenship
•Majority rule decides vote
•Form practiced in Athens(by 500 BCE)
The Polis: Distinct City-States…People felt strong ties/loyalty to their city-state (Rep your city)
bitter rivalries between city-states
led to continuous fighting
lead to Greece’s down fall
Group WorkIn your groups:
Spend 15 minutes to fill out the comparison chart between Athens and Greece. Use chapter 5 section 2. Be prepared to report back.
Athens: Rule of the TyrantsSolon:aristocrats in power and the poor unable to obtain land
aristocrats gave power to Solon in 594 B.C.◦ favored reform◦ canceled debts but
did not give land to the poor
Cleisthenes:
Began a limited democracy in Greece
Created the Council of 500◦ Group of 500
male citizens who made laws
Pericles
• Expanded
democracy in Athens
• Athens became a
direct democracy
– All male citizens
became members
of the government
– Women and
slaves were
excluded
Athens had the world’s first democracy
Every male citizen had the right to attend the Assembly
There they participated in the decision making process and voted on all government issues
Athenians practiced ostracism*
*a person could be banished from the city for 10 years with 6,000 votes from the government!
Direct Democracy
The Persian Wars: OverviewDespite their
cultural ties, the
Greek city-states
were often in
conflict with one
another.
The threat of the
powerful Persian
empire united the
Greek city-states.
The Persian Wars: Overview
United, the city-states
defeated the Persians
and ended the threat of
Persian invasions.
Persian prisoners
Persian Wars:
The Outcome!Results
•Athens increases
its status among
the city-states.
•Athens enters into
a Golden Age
•Athens formed the
Delian League: an
alliance of Greek
city-states with
them in charge
•Sparta is upset!
The Peloponnesian War:
The Alliance System Fails!
The Peloponnesian War: CAUSES
1. Many Greeks outside of Athens resented Athenian domination.
2. Sparta formed the Peloponnesian League to rival the Delian League.
3. Sparta and Athens rivaling for supremacy…
A Mysterious Plague Hits Athens!• During the war a plague
(disease) sweeps through Athens
• Plague destroys 1/3 of Athenian population
• Kills many Athenians including Pericles
• This allows Sparta to win the war!!!!!!!!!
The Peloponnesian War: Effects
1. All the Greek city- states
divided and in chaos!
2. Defeated democracy in
Greece
3. Greece would eventually
would be taken over by
Macedonia to the north
MacedoniaNorth of Greece
viewed by the Greeks as barbarians
Philip II became king of Macedonia in 359 B.C.
Macedonia defeated Greece in 338 B.C.E.
Greek city-states united in a league under Macedonian control
Philip was assassinated
Alexander the GreatPhilip’s son
student of Aristotle
became king of Macedonia at age 20
put down idea of Greek rebellion by destroying the city of Thebes
began his quest to take over the Persian Empire
Alexander’s Conquest334 B.C. began invasion of the Persian Empire
331 B.C. conquered all of the Persian Empire
327 B.C. moved through modern Pakistan into India
323 B.C. Alexander died after his return to Babylon at 32 years old
AlexAnder’s
Legacy
Created an empire that stretched across three continents and over 200,000 miles
Cultural Diffusion = the rise of the Hellenistic Culture
After Alexander’s death, his Empire fell apart
Hellenistic Cultureblend of Greek and Persian cultures
Greek language, architecture, literature, and art spread throughout Southwest Asia, Central Asia and parts of North Africa
Greeks absorbed aspects of Eastern culture
all eventually conquered by the Romans
Alexander the great names Alexandria, Egypt: home to scholars of many different kinds
HOW ARE THE TWO OUTER BUDDHA
STATUES DIFFERENT FROM THE
ONE IN THE CENTER?
The Library of Alexandria in Egypt
The ancient library possibly destroyed in 642
The rebuilt library today
Other Hellenistic Achievements
Astronomy
Geometry
Philosophy
Art
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