Greece made up of two parts:◦ mainland

◦ hundreds of small islands

Two main features: ◦Mountains

◦Seas

Geography

MOUNTAIN RANGES

mountain ranges separated the small, independent Greek communities

caused them to develop different ways of life

SEAS

Encourage trade with each other and other civilizations

Greek City states relied on trade because of the land was not good for farming.

Greek Polis

included a city and the surrounding land and villages. Usually located on a hill.

Government buildings and temples

AGORA: an open area where people could meet or shop.

Monarchy

•State ruled by a king•Rule is hereditary•Some rulers claim divine right •Form practiced in

Mycenae(2000 BCE)

Possible Forms of Governments found in Greece

Aristocracy/Oligarchy

•State ruled by nobility•Rule is hereditary and based

on family wealth•Social status and wealth

support rulers’ authority•Form practiced in

Athens(Prior to 594 BCE)

Tyranny

• Rule by a Tyrant• Has all of the power• Rules for the people

Direct democracy

•State ruled by citizens

•Rule is based on citizenship

•Majority rule decides vote

•Form practiced in Athens(by 500 BCE)

The Polis: Distinct City-States…People felt strong ties/loyalty to their city-state (Rep your city)

bitter rivalries between city-states

led to continuous fighting

lead to Greece’s down fall

Group WorkIn your groups:

Spend 15 minutes to fill out the comparison chart between Athens and Greece. Use chapter 5 section 2. Be prepared to report back.

Athens: Rule of the TyrantsSolon:aristocrats in power and the poor unable to obtain land

aristocrats gave power to Solon in 594 B.C.◦ favored reform◦ canceled debts but

did not give land to the poor

Cleisthenes:

Began a limited democracy in Greece

Created the Council of 500◦ Group of 500

male citizens who made laws

Pericles

• Expanded

democracy in Athens

• Athens became a

direct democracy

– All male citizens

became members

of the government

– Women and

slaves were

excluded

Athens had the world’s first democracy

Every male citizen had the right to attend the Assembly

There they participated in the decision making process and voted on all government issues

Athenians practiced ostracism*

*a person could be banished from the city for 10 years with 6,000 votes from the government!

Direct Democracy

The Persian Wars: OverviewDespite their

cultural ties, the

Greek city-states

were often in

conflict with one

another.

The threat of the

powerful Persian

empire united the

Greek city-states.

The Persian Wars: Overview

United, the city-states

defeated the Persians

and ended the threat of

Persian invasions.

Persian prisoners

Persian Wars:

The Outcome!Results

•Athens increases

its status among

the city-states.

•Athens enters into

a Golden Age

•Athens formed the

Delian League: an

alliance of Greek

city-states with

them in charge

•Sparta is upset!

The Peloponnesian War:

The Alliance System Fails!

The Peloponnesian War: CAUSES

1. Many Greeks outside of Athens resented Athenian domination.

2. Sparta formed the Peloponnesian League to rival the Delian League.

3. Sparta and Athens rivaling for supremacy…

A Mysterious Plague Hits Athens!• During the war a plague

(disease) sweeps through Athens

• Plague destroys 1/3 of Athenian population

• Kills many Athenians including Pericles

• This allows Sparta to win the war!!!!!!!!!

The Peloponnesian War: Effects

1. All the Greek city- states

divided and in chaos!

2. Defeated democracy in

Greece

3. Greece would eventually

would be taken over by

Macedonia to the north

MacedoniaNorth of Greece

viewed by the Greeks as barbarians

Philip II became king of Macedonia in 359 B.C.

Macedonia defeated Greece in 338 B.C.E.

Greek city-states united in a league under Macedonian control

Philip was assassinated

Alexander the GreatPhilip’s son

student of Aristotle

became king of Macedonia at age 20

put down idea of Greek rebellion by destroying the city of Thebes

began his quest to take over the Persian Empire

Alexander’s Conquest334 B.C. began invasion of the Persian Empire

331 B.C. conquered all of the Persian Empire

327 B.C. moved through modern Pakistan into India

323 B.C. Alexander died after his return to Babylon at 32 years old

AlexAnder’s

Legacy

Created an empire that stretched across three continents and over 200,000 miles

Cultural Diffusion = the rise of the Hellenistic Culture

After Alexander’s death, his Empire fell apart

Hellenistic Cultureblend of Greek and Persian cultures

Greek language, architecture, literature, and art spread throughout Southwest Asia, Central Asia and parts of North Africa

Greeks absorbed aspects of Eastern culture

all eventually conquered by the Romans

Alexander the great names Alexandria, Egypt: home to scholars of many different kinds

HOW ARE THE TWO OUTER BUDDHA

STATUES DIFFERENT FROM THE

ONE IN THE CENTER?

The Library of Alexandria in Egypt

The ancient library possibly destroyed in 642

The rebuilt library today

Other Hellenistic Achievements

Astronomy

Geometry

Philosophy

Art