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The New DealThe New Deal
FDR offers relief and recovery
Hoover vs. RooseveltHoover vs. Roosevelt
HooverHoover– Believed that Believed that
depression relief should depression relief should come from state and come from state and local governments and local governments and private agencies.private agencies.
RooseveltRoosevelt– Believed that the Believed that the
depression required depression required strong action and strong action and leadership by the leadership by the federal government. federal government.
This campaign is more than a contest This campaign is more than a contest between two men…It’s a contest between two between two men…It’s a contest between two philosophies of government. philosophies of government.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
• Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) won the 1932 Presidential election.
• In his inauguration speech, FDR stated that, “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”
Inauguration of FDR, March 4, 1933
• FDR gathered information from many economic experts, known as the Brain Trust, on how to fight the depression.
Bank run, New York City, 1931
Saving the Banks
• Roosevelt declared a “bank holiday”, closing every bank in the nation for eight days.
• Congress then passed the Emergency Banking Relief Act, which only allowed banks to open if they had enough funds to pay their depositors.
FDR signing the Emergency Banking Relief Act into law.
Fireside Chats• FDR gave 30 radio speeches to the nation, which became known as fireside chats.
FDR’s first fireside chat on the bank crisis. (March 12, 1933)
• FDR’s first fireside chat reassured people that banks were safe to use again.
The New Deal
• FDR developed many new bills that created programs to help end the Great Depression.
• These programs were known as the New Deal.
The New Deal had three major goals:
I. Relief for the unemployed
II. plans for economic
Recovery
III. Reforms to prevent another depression
Concluding Videos: 1) FDR (3:26) 2) First New Deal: First Hundred Days (5:26)
The First 100 daysThe First 100 days
During his first 100 days if office Roosevelt During his first 100 days if office Roosevelt proposed and Congress passed 15 bills.proposed and Congress passed 15 bills.
100-day standard for gauging presidential 100-day standard for gauging presidential effectiveness. The underlying truth is that effectiveness. The underlying truth is that presidents tend to be most effective when they presidents tend to be most effective when they first take office, when their leadership style seems first take office, when their leadership style seems fresh and new, when the aura of victory is still fresh and new, when the aura of victory is still powerful, and when their impact on Congress is powerful, and when their impact on Congress is usually at its height.usually at its height.
11stst New Deal Government work New Deal Government work projectsprojects
Civilian Conservation Corp (CCCCivilian Conservation Corp (CCC)= )= “environmental” jobs for 2 million young, “environmental” jobs for 2 million young, unmarried menunmarried men
Public Works Administration (PWA)=Public Works Administration (PWA)=building building bridges, dams, power plants, and bridges, dams, power plants, and governmental buildings, etc.governmental buildings, etc.
Building Big Ridge Dam (TN)
New Deal program #1
Lights for the Barnyard (TN)
Edward Laning and assistants at work on his mural “The Role of the Immigrant in the Industrial Development of America” – New York, NY
New Deal program #2
Workers covering the stream in Cain Park, Cleveland Park, OH
New Deal program #4
Hollywood High School, Los Angeles, CA
New York City’s Tri-Borough Bridge
New Deal program #5
Worker During Bridge Construction
Staatsburg, NY
Elm Tree
Camp Euclid, OHSeptember, 1936
New Deal program #6
Children Cared for by Visiting Housekeeper in Oklahoma (1935)
View From Summer Camp for Underprivileged Children, Washington (1935)
New Deal program #7
Poster from Georgia
National Industrial Recovery ActNational Industrial Recovery Act
Roosevelt called it the most important Roosevelt called it the most important legislation ever enacted.legislation ever enacted.
Created the National Recovery Created the National Recovery AdministrationAdministration
Established governmental rules or codes for Established governmental rules or codes for entire industries to be governed by; entire industries to be governed by; including minimum wage, minimum prices including minimum wage, minimum prices for goods. for goods. Goal: raise wages and raise profitsGoal: raise wages and raise profits
New Deal program #8
Help for farmers and bank Help for farmers and bank depositorsdepositors
Agricultural Adjustment Act= payments to Agricultural Adjustment Act= payments to farmers to stop producing; created a new farmers to stop producing; created a new tax to pay for these paymentstax to pay for these payments
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporations= Federal Deposit Insurance Corporations= government insurance guaranteeing bank government insurance guaranteeing bank deposits are safe.deposits are safe.
New Deal program #9
Farmers receiving checks St. Augstine, Texas (1939)
Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)
New Deal program #10
Ms. Lydia Lobsiger, the first person to be paid for deposits in an insured closed bank.
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