The Deep Roots of the Two World Wars WWI WWII. The Mixed Ethnicities of Europe Ethnic groups...

The Deep Roots

of the Two World

Wars WWI

WWII

The Mixed Ethnicities of Europe

• Ethnic groups aren’t neatly organized in Europe (or anywhere else)– There have been numerous

migrations of people into and around Europe at various times in history

• Thus groups of people are mixed together – Examples

• Balkans • Sudetenland

A Noteworthy Ethnic Group- the Jews of Europe

• Ejected from Israel by the Romans in the 1st century AD • Diaspora• Unwanted – pushed around Europe

– Many countries accepted them, then booted them out, accepted them again

– Example: Spanish ejection of the Moors and Jews in the same year Columbus sailed

• Jewish ‘apartness’– Religious beliefs– culture– ‘Killers’ of Christ– Model minority

• Money lenders– Why?– Why did this lead to persecution?

• Devotion to education– Why?– Why leads to persecution?

Jews of Europe (cont.)

• (model minority, cont.)• Devotion to education

– Why?– Why leads to

persecution?

• A Long History of Persecution– Pogroms

• Black death• Ghettoes in many

places until Napoleon

• Until about 300 years ago, most of Europe was divided by political ruler, not ethnicity – Subjects versus citizen– Political groups were heterogeneous ethnically – Habsburg example

• Germans, Slavs (eastern Europe/Russia), and Gauls (French) were some of the largest ethnic groups

• For 1000 yrs after the fall of the Roman Empire, the German ethnic group was divided into 300 weak states– The Holy Roman Empire

• Central goal of many in Europe (for example, the French) was to keep Germany divided into these 300 states – Why?

Kingdoms Versus Nations

The Rise of Nationalism

• Age of Nationalism– Started in 19th century – Political entities should be defined by ethnic group

• Nationalism upset the European balance of power– Germany unified under Bismarck– Prussian Leadership

• Sparta of the North• Militaristic

– Germany is now the largest nation on the continent

The German Behemoth

• Germany leapt into the Industrial Revolution– Quickly became 2nd or 3rd ish behind Britain/U.S.– German nationalism peaked

• Deutschland uber alles• Bitter legacy of manipulation from the outside

– Thirty Years’ War, Napoleon, etc.

• Bitterness of having missed out mostly in imperial land grab in Africa/Asia

– Ironically, the Jewish situation wasn’t bad (relatively) in 19th century Germany

Germany, Germany above all,Above all in the world,When, for protection and defense, it alwaystakes a brotherly stand together.From the Meuse to the Memel,From the Adige to the Belt,Germany, Germany above everything,  Above everything in the world.

Social Darwinism’s Impact on Nationalism in the 19th Century

• Darwin’s ideas

VS

Survival of the Fittest among animal species

Yay! Boo!

Do we cry for this guy?

1870 Franco-Prussian War

• Germany defeated its old nemesis, France

• Starvation and shelling of Paris• Humiliating treaty (for France)• Afterwards Bismarck's goal was to

keep France isolated– He knew they want revenge

• Bismarck fired by Wilhelm II• Wilhelm II = dunderhead

– Allowed France to make alliances with Russia and Britain

– Messed with British dominance• Guarantees Germans “A Place in the sun”• Naval arms race

In 1914 WWI erupted

• Result of M.A.I.N.– Militarism

• Arms race of new industrial-age weapons– Alliance

• Any outbreak could cascade into a giant war – Imperialism

• Struggle for the best colonies– Nationalism

• Intense patriotism • Social Darwinism

• New kind of war– total war– stalemate

• Germans attack first

Hansen Name _____________WWII Per ______

Lecture #2 - Deep Roots of the Two World Wars Note-taking Guide

The Mixed Ethnicities of Europe– Ethnic groups aren’t ____________________________

_____________________________________________• There have been _______________________ of

people into and around Europe at various times in history

– Thus groups of people are mixed together • Examples

– ___________– Sudetenland

A Noteworthy Ethnic Group- the Jews of Europe – Ejected from Israel by the _______ in the ___century AD – Diaspora- _____________________________________– Unwanted – pushed around Europe

• Many countries ______________, then _____________, __________________ again

• Example: Spanish ejection of the Moors and Jews in the same year Columbus sailed

– Jewish ‘apartness’• __________________• __________________• __________________• Model minority

– Money lenders» Why?_____________________

__________________________ ___________________________

» Why did this lead to persecution? ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________

– Devotion to education» Why? _____________________

__________________________» Why leads to persecution? ____

___________________________ ___________________________

– A Long History of Persecution• Pogroms - __________________________

– Black death - _________________________ ____________________________________

• Ghettoes in many places until _______________

Kingdoms versus Nations – Until about 300 years ago, most of Europe was divided by

_____________________________________________ • Subjects versus citizen - ____________________

________________________________________ ________________________________________

• Political groups were heterogeneous ethnically • Habsburg example

– _____________, __________(eastern Europe/Russia), and __________(French) were some of the largest ethnic groups

– For 1000 yrs after the fall of the Roman Empire, the German ethnic group was __________________________

• The Holy ___________ Empire– Central goal of many in Europe (for example, __________)

was to keep Germany _____________________________ • Why?- ___________________________________

_________________________________________

The Rise of Nationalism – Age of Nationalism

• Started in _______________• Political entities should be defined _____________

– Nationalism upset the European _____________________• Germany unified under Bismarck• _____________________________

– Sparta of the North– Militaristic

• Germany is now the _________________on the continent

The Rise of Nationalism – Germany leapt into the Industrial Revolution

• Quickly became ____________________ behind ____________________________

• German nationalism peaked– Deutschland uber alles - ________

_____________________________– Bitter legacy of __________________

from the outside» Thirty Years’ War, Napoleon,

etc. – Bitterness of having missed out

mostly __________________ ___________________in Africa/Asia

• Ironically, the Jewish situation wasn’t bad (relatively) in 19th century Germany

Social Darwinism’s Impact on Nationalism in the 19th Century

– Darwin’s ideas _____________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________

– Impact on Nationalism and minority groups? _____ _________________________________________ _________________________________________

1870 Franco-Prussian War • Germany defeated its old nemesis, ___________• Starvation and shelling _______________• _____________________ treaty (for France)• Afterwards Bismarck's goal was to keep France ________

– He knew they wanted _______________• Bismarck fired by Wilhelm II• Wilhelm II = _________________

– Allowed France to make alliances with _________ ________________________________________

– Messed with British dominance• Guarantees Germans “A Place in the sun” -

___________________________________ ___________________________________

• Naval arms race - ____________________ ___________________________________

In 1914 WWI Erupted – Result of M.A.I.N.

• Militarism – ____________________________

____________________________• Alliance

– Any outbreak could ____________ ____________________________

• Imperialism– Struggle for the best ___________

• Nationalism– Intense _________________ – Social Darwinism

– New kind of war• total war- ____________________________

____________________________________• Stalemate- ___________________________

_____________________________________– Germans ________________