The Culture of Xia DaZhi senior high school Wu Tai Fu Chang Che Yao Chen Ying Chun Lin Jiun Ying Kuo...
Preview:
Citation preview
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- The Culture of Xia DaZhi senior high school Wu Tai Fu Chang Che
Yao Chen Ying Chun Lin Jiun Ying Kuo Sung Hua Teacher Momoko
Tu
- Slide 3
- Film
- Slide 4
- The Chinese word The Chinese word , which is pronounced as Xia,
stands for an abstract concept from ancient China, when this
concept first came into being, to nowadays, the meaning of Xia has
changed continuously. Well introduce it to you more clearly in the
following pages.
- Slide 5
- The Motive of the Study In 2000, when the Oscar-winning movie
Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon was played in the western countries
and ended up successfully, this movie really motivates peoples
interest of what Xia is. The movie features flying swordsmen move
lightly across the bamboo treetops through the forest without
leaving their footprints, brandishing their sword nimbly. These
make westerners curious as well as doubtful about Xia. The gist of
our study is to explicate Xia, compare some similar concept with
Xia in order to discuss the differences in the multicultural
society, and try to make people understand the process and meaning
of the culture of Xia.
- Slide 6
- The Range of the Study Most western people associate the Xia
with chivalry. However, we think that the word, Hero, also has some
similar meaning with Xia. Therefore, this study will first discuss
Chivalry and the culture of Hero so that western people can grasp
the concept of Xia more quickly. After introducing the concept of
Xia, we will further present from the well-known Jinyungs novel to
the process of Taiwans martial art novels. Furthermore, we will
introduce the origin and process of Xia in brief. Lastly, we will
talk about what notion that the concept of Xia has brought into
movies.
- Slide 7
- Introduction We roughly classify the introduction as Western
and Eastern. We use a time table which is based on the era. In the
Eastern aspect, we introduce China and Taiwans process of Xia,
Japanese Bushido as well. In the Western aspect, we summarize the
Chivalry and the culture of Hero in the 20th century. In the end,
we will make an integrated comparison.
- Slide 8
- Introduction The ancient concept of Xia is similar to Robin
Hood. And the modern concept is similar to chivalry. That is, the
development of Xia is from offending the Law by armed force to
being loyal to king and country. We adopt the way in which we
introduce every part by stages. You can choose the part you are
interested in and click the picture to enter the detailed
description.
- Slide 9
- Eastern (summary)(summary) Western (summary)(summary).the
Warring States (403-221 B.C.).The Mohist group. the West Han
dynasty (202 B.C. 8 A.D.). Records of the Grand Historian ( Shih
Chi) the Tang Dynasty(618- 875 A.D.). novels Middle Ages(10 A.D.-
nowadays).Chivalry
- Slide 10
- EasternWestern Japanese shogunate(710 A.D.- nowadays). Bushido
The Yuan and Ming dynasty(1279-1644 A.D.).Transformation of Xia and
Water Margin (Water Margin).the Ching Dynasty(1645- 1911 A.D.). The
process of martial art literature America(20 century to present).
The culture of Hero Western End~ The later period of Europe(12
century to present). Translative literature
- Slide 11
- Eastern literature (after 1911) Taiwan China Jinyung(in the
middle of 20 century).The peak of martial art novels Republic of
China (20 century to nowadays).The process of Taiwans martial art
literature Republic of China (20 century to nowadays).The process
of martial art movies The 50th year of the Republic Era.(1960s to
nowadays). Yeng Zho Scholary Swordsman (Palm drama) Eastern
End~
- Slide 12
- Definition Of Xia Xia is not only a concept but a pronoun. That
is, its meaning is abstract, complicated and abundant. The behavior
of people with Xia is to put this concept into practice by
performing Xia. Therefore, we call someone who performs Xia with
Chinese martial arts as Wusia. But it is not essential to combine
the principles of Xia with martial arts. Instead, for instance,
some Xia heal people or steal money from the rich to fulfill the
concept of Xia. In other words, comparing with the Western, Chinese
Xia put much more emphasis on personality and spirit.
- Slide 13
- Thought of Xia Now, we usually say Xia with Yi, which means
social justice or righteousness, because both words have similar
meaning. As far as the report above is concerned, however, we can
discover the concept that Xia is equal to Yi is not completely true
and need to revise. What we have to realize is that the concept of
Xia has evolved inch by inch with time. And the meaning of Xia has
changed from contravening the law by armed force to being engaged
in social peace and country justice in 2000 years.
- Slide 14
- Thought of Xia To sum up, known by the public, the Xia needs to
be dedicated to social justice and help people. However, as far as
the cultural aspect of Xia is concerned, we should regard Xia as a
generalized concept which means not only to fight against
injustice. The comparison below bases on the standard of modern
Xia.
- Slide 15
- Comparison (chivalry and Xia) 1.The contents of ancient martial
art novels usually talk about assisting clean-handed officials,
opposing to bad officials and being loyal to the king. We can find
similar concept of being loyal to the king in the literature of
Chivalry. But the Chivalry places much importance on personal
honor. 2.The second difference between Xia and chivalry is the
attitude toward love. In Chinese novels, Xia keeps away from women
and they must feel shameful at chivalry because of their attitude
to women.
- Slide 16
- Comparison (Hero and Xia) 1.The will of God and theory of doom
China God gives disasters to people while heroes save the people -
follow the god. West destiny go against the hero, and hero always
resist till the last minute - not yield to the doom. 2.Soul and
belongings China follow moral standard that is severer than other
people. They must be in a certain group (attending or
establishing). West individualism
- Slide 17
- Total comparison The concept of Xia is too abstract for the
Western because it is not just to help or save people, like
spider-man. Xia needs more connotation relatively. Scholarly Xia,
for instance, has not only to simply follow thoughts of
Confucianism in moral standard but high class of literature.
Therefore, the reason that we just say someone has behavior of Xia
not someone is Xia is a person who has high moral standard, class
of humanism and characteristic of Xia only appears in the
novels.
- Slide 18
- What Xia really is? The modern Xia which created by people
nowadays is grand. However, we can find another Xia group gang,
which is defined according to the primary standard of Xia -
contravening the law by armed force and doing things by their sense
of justice. Moreover, the thoughts of gang and Xia now are
diametrically different. And if there were Xia, they should
eliminate gang.
- Slide 19
- What Xia really is? That is, everyone can be Xia. It just
depends on which era do you live in. If you think that dumping the
garbage is justice and you really do it, you will be a Xia who
contravene the law because of justice in your mind. But, you wont
be regarded as a Xia by modern people because your behavior is not
equal to the aspect and standard of Xia in this society.
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- The summary of Eastern China There are two aspect of the
definition of Xia. One is the historic Xia which first means a
person fights against the unfair law and bad government. Another is
the literary Xia which is more idealistic and closer to the thought
of Xia in this society nowadays it means a perfect person who will
help others when they face injustice and do everything for the
country and masses. Japan: The spirit of Bushido processed
similarly as Xia. Maybe it was much closer to Confucianism. Well
compare and introduce these in brief.
- Slide 22
- The Mohist Group In the Warring States, the mohist group
supported the process of Mohism. They made the idea of Mohism
widely known, helping weak countries keep their homeland. the
mohist group members wanted to reach self-sufficiency and invented
some military weapons.
- Slide 23
- The Connection between the Mohist Group and Xia Now many people
treat the mohist group as the group of Xia. It is because the
mohist group promoted the thought you have to do thoroughly what
you said, which fits in with the contemporary explanation of Xia.
Another reason is that members of it behaved like Xia. They
gathered together and formed as a new power in the society, so it
is called the group of Xia. However, what you have to know is that
the debut thought of calling it as Xia springs up recently. So it
doesnt fit in with the ancient standard of Xia.
- Slide 24
- The Definition of Xia in Records of the Grand HistorianRecords
of the Grand Historian The deeds that Xia promoted might not always
be just, but they must keep their words, do things firmly,
sacrifice themselves to help others in difficulty, and not boast of
their behavior even when facing death. People far and wide admired
their deeds. They would do anything for justice.
- Slide 25
- The Detailed Explanation of Records of the Grand Historian
There are a few examples in Records of the Grand Historian, which
show some following traits Xia wont be partial to himself or his
relatives but acts on justice, wont be angry because of others
disdain, and is a person that wont strive for fame and wealth. From
the aspect of official, acting like Xia is to exert power, which is
different from the thought of Xia himself. In a word, the deeds
that Xia did are praised by everyone.
- Slide 26
- The Thought of Xia from Chin to Hang Dynasty Han Feizi The
Confucianists destroyed the Law by words while Xia offended the Law
by armed force. The basic definition of Xia in this period was a
person fights against the unfair law and bad government, which was
the base of Records of the Grand Historian. It used the thought and
interpreted it in the bright side. However, the view of the same
period wasnt positive at all.Han Feizi Shuowen Jiezi A person who
shares benefit with each other, makes friends privately, and stands
in this society by his armed force is the so-called Xia. They trust
each other and have the same values. Besides, they may be the
people who have authority in an area and fight against the noble,
or live in this society on their own.Shuowen Jiezi
- Slide 27
- The Thought of Xia from Chin to Hang Dynasty In this epoch,
there was no class difference of Xia. In other word, no matter who
could be Xia. They were wanted by the government because most of
their deeds were against the Law. However, the King and the noble
might be Xia anonymously. In brief, Xia from Chin to Hang Dynasty
was people who didnt care about their life and death but were in
pursuit of justice.
- Slide 28
- Xia from Wei to Tang Dynasty By Wei dynasty, the concept of Xia
had been divided into two aspect by degree. One continued the
previous concept and called the historic Xia while another was
transformed into the literary Xia which developed to the
contemporary concept in the Chinese society at present.
- Slide 29
- The Historic Xia from Wei to Tang Dynasty It could roughly be
classified as two categories. One was local bullies and ruffians.
Another was rich young men. Basically, the two categories acted
similarly as Xia in Hang Dynasty robbery and killing.
- Slide 30
- The literary Xia from Wei to Tang Dynasty The literature of
martial art started from Southern and Northern Dynasties and was
complete in Tang Dynasty. A new interpretation of Xia different
from Hangs negative comment was defined as a noble personality that
could do everything for the society and maintain the social
justice.
- Slide 31
- The Summary of Xia in The Yuan and Ming Dynasty In this period,
almost the whole concept of Xia in literature is different from
historic interpretation. Therefore, we will introduce the change
and focus on the Xia in literature. The representative work is
Water Margin, which means demarcation of Xia in literature. The
works before this book and the works after are different in feature
and style. In the next page, we will first introduce Water Margin,
and then analyze Xia in literature.Water Margin
- Slide 32
- The approximate story of "Water Margin (part 1) The first 70
chapters of the story is led by Song-Jiang and Chao-Gai. They
gathered heroes coming from everywhere on the Mount Liangshang.
Some of the heroes were forced to go up the Mount Liangshang by
corrupt officials while some of them were go up because of heart
affecting. Whatever, the aim they got together at Mount Liangshang
is right wrongs in accordance with heaven's decree and oppose to
the corrupt government. Not until 108 heroes got together did they
rank the ranking of brothers. They were very herotic and killed
many venal officials, which make the great satisfaction of the
people. These behaviors also let people abreact their discontent
with the government.
- Slide 33
- The analysis of "Water Margin (part 1) The advanced part of
paragraphs describe two kinds of heroes. One is herotic and another
is generous who always give financial assistance to the former. By
the way, describes about the generous heores mention a new sight of
shia. In this part, the describe of shia is more close to the
pragmatic one(such as using martial art against the law or to
fullfill self-justice). It has some disagreement with the Dynasty
from Wei to Tang. However, all the spirit of shia are same they all
address themselves to strive for justice and dreams of the
society.
- Slide 34
- The approximate story of "Water Margin (part 2) Later 50
chapters of the story describe heroes on the Mount Liangshang
enlisted in the government for the defense of their country. All
leaders were safe and well, also erected awesome. However, in the
war with a country in the southern of China, most of the heroes
were defeated. And those who survived not only didnt gain the
well-earned recompenses but also be ensnared by cunning courtiers.
Most of these heroes didnt have a good end in this story.
- Slide 35
- The analysis of "Water Margin (part 2) The image of these
heroes on the after part of the story has a great different from
the former one. From the accomplishment of self-justice to adhered
to the government, in order to assert the safety of the
country.
- Slide 36
- The development In this novel, these heroes behavior gradually
changed from malcontent to loyal to the government. Water Margin
stands at a literature borderline from generation to generation.
The former part succeed to the characteristic of shia from the Yuan
dynasty, which shows individual personality, while the latter
reveal a new kinds of shia who are loyal to the government.
- Slide 37
- the meaning of "Water Margin The shia in this novel have begin
to associate with the government instead of seeking
self-justice.and this kind of novel had become the main novel style
in the Qing dynasty.
- Slide 38
- The literary of Xia in Qing Dynasty The concept of Xia in this
epoch expended from the Water Margin had associated with the
government, or we can even say Xia had been held a lane by the
government. The basic configure of literature in this epoch was
that one Xia who had associated with the government bumping into
another who hadnt. Then they would conflict, but the one who hadnt
associate with the government must assimilate to the one who had in
the end.
- Slide 39
- Martial Arts Novels of the Qing Dynasty- San Xia Wu Yi San Xia
Wu Yi tells a story in the Sung Dynasty about a judge called Pao
Ching Tien how to judge cases. In this book, three Xia (southern
Xia-Chan Chao, northern Xia Ou-yang Chun, double Ting Xias) and
five man who had sense of honor (Drilling sky mouse- Lu Fang,
Digging into land mouse- Han Chang, Crossing mountain mouse- Hsu
Ching, Turning over river mouse- Chiang ping, Glorious hair mouse-
Pai Yu Tang) helped Pao Ching Tien judge cases.
- Slide 40
- Characteristics of Xia in San Xia Wu Yi 1.Do something others
darent do 2.Rescue people before fighting with bad men 3.Regard
maintaining social-justice as himself s duty 4.Have good skill in
martial arts but not being rascals 5.Admire each other who is Xia
6.Think for officers in the place rather than show himself act
against the law 7.Bad people admire Xia 8.The noblest Xia is smart,
calm, and changeful.But all of his deeds are in the range of the
concept of Xia.
- Slide 41
- The Concept of Xia in San Xia Wu Yi Most of Xias in San Xia Wu
Yi associated with the government and didnt act against the law.
The emperor in this period were different from the emperor in
former dynasties either. Xias in this period still behaved with the
justice which in their minds. But they would keep as silent as they
could because they didnt want to make officers in the place
embarrassed.
- Slide 42
- The culture of Wu Lin After the year of the Republic Era, the
literature of xia has combined with martial arts. It became a brand
new kind of xia literature. We call this kind of xia society in
novels as Wu Lin. in these societies, friendship is the most
important thing of all. In order to protect their friends security,
xia will use martial arts to cope with all the troubles.
- Slide 43
- Introduce of Jin Yong Jin's real name is Cha Liangyong. Born in
1924, he is from Haining County, Zhejiang Province. He studied in
the College of Foreign Languages of Chunking Central University
then the College of Law of Soochou University. His first novel,
Shujian Enchou Lu, published in Sin Wan Bao in 1955, was a big hit.
Since then, he started his writing professionally for more than 30
years, and his status as the Master of the wusia novelist has
become unshakable. When his last series, Luding Ji, was finished in
the Ming Bao daily in September in 1972, he retired from writing
wusia novels.
- Slide 44
- Jin Yongs novel 1.The Book and the SwordThe Book and the Sword
2.Sword Stained with Royal BloodSword Stained with Royal Blood
3.The Legend of the Condor HeroesThe Legend of the Condor Heroes
4.The Return of the Condor HeroesThe Return of the Condor Heroes
5.Flying Fox of Snowy MountainFlying Fox of Snowy Mountain 6.Other
Tales of the Flying FoxOther Tales of the Flying Fox 7. Heaven
Sword and Dragon SabreHeaven Sword and Dragon Sabre 8.A Deadly
SecretA Deadly Secret 9.Demi-Gods and Semi- Devils ---Demi-Gods and
Semi- Devils--- 10.Ode to GallantryOde to Gallantry 11.The Smiling,
Proud WandererThe Smiling, Proud Wanderer 12.The Deer and the
CauldronThe Deer and the Cauldron
- Slide 45
- Xia of Sword Stained with Royal Blood People will go against
government in troubled time because of poverty. And if there is a
person maintains justice, he will be defined as the image of Xia.
It is a troubled time that the era of this book is. Yuan Chengjhih
is destined to do many just things because of his identity. Yuan
Chengjhih gains many sympathy because of his poor background. On
the other hand, he show more justice and heroic when he put his
personal feud away be engaged in society and country.
- Slide 46
- Xia of Sword Stained with Royal Blood Main characters usually
learn martial art when they were young and become very good after
several years. Furthermore, kindness is always the key of being a
Xia, and we can find the same personality in Western novels.
- Slide 47
- Character of The Deer and the Cauldron Because Wei Xiaobao was
born in brothel, which is defined as a obscene place, he formulate
a personality of neglecting tradition as well as etiquette and is
socialized more fast.
- Slide 48
- Xia of The Deer and the Cauldron Jin Yong say that The Deer and
the Cauldron is more similar to history novel, not Wu Xia novel.
Though it is not correct that we defined Wei Xiaobao as a Xia, but,
in some aspects, we still can say Wei Xiaobao has some
personalities of Xia, like valuing friendship.
- Slide 49
- Xia of The Deer and the Cauldron Being a group of Xia, Tien Ti
Hui emphasize not their goal, against government, but their
process, a spirit of Xia. For instance, when they know they are
wrong, they will apologize to people who involved in.
- Slide 50
- Characters in Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils The research of Duan Yu
(combination of Xia, Confucianism and literati) Duan Yu is a man of
letters and he hate to use force and martial art, having similarity
to Chinese literati. The behavior and spirit he perform in the book
is derived from deeply thoughts of Xia. These behaviors, settling
quarrels and doing things by his own justice, are similar to the
expectation that Xia need to do. Thoughts First, the recognition of
Xia in the East may combine with many thoughts of Confucianism.
Second, there is not direct connection between being Xia and having
good martial art. What is more important is the real meaning of
doing things about Xia.
- Slide 51
- Characters in Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils The research of Syu Jhu
(combination of Xia and Buddhism) Buddhism accent that we should
safe everyone by love, quit killing other people, and help people.
And these concepts are very similar to modern concept of Xia.
People nowadays think Xia should help people and be devoted to
society. Another important personality of Xia is that possess a
quality of justice. As far as Buddhism, they emphasize that possess
a heart of mercy, which meaning is to love every human beings
around the world without distinguisher. However, we can take the
behavior of Syu Jhu, which follows principles of Buddhism, such as
helping people by justice, as generalized Xia.
- Slide 52
- Characters in Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils The research of Xiao
Fong (one of the best Xia of Jin Yong comparison between Xiao Fong
and Guo Jing)
- Slide 53
- Characters in Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils Name Guo JingXiao Fong
identityA Chinese born in Mongolia know his identity A foreigner
who born in China dont know his identity Chinese Martial art
Xianglong Shiba Zhang (18 Dragon- Subduing Palms)
- Slide 54
- Characters in Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils Name Guo JingXiao Fong
experience Describe him when he was young and portray the
difficulties he faced. He is regarded as a Xia in the end of the
story and be the best Xia in the sequal. In the beginning, he is
known as the leader of Gaibang and Xia. When he find he is
foreigner, he is still engaged in solving conflicts between two
countries.
- Slide 55
- Characters in Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils Name Guo JingXiao Fong
consequence Protect a town many years and get a honor of North Xia.
Strike apeace between two countries and suicidehimself. personality
He is stupid but possesses a quality of justice. He is smart and
values friendship. The same Be engaged in country and society in
his eternal countries.
- Slide 56
- Characters in Jins novels character Guo JingYang GuoJhang Wuji
personality Honest Sincere Not frivolous Trustworthiness Rebel
against etiquette Irresolute Hesitant Kindhearted Easily be cheated
romance Just love a woman Change women from time to time
- Slide 57
- Characters in Jins novels Traits Guo Jing He is a Xia combined
with Confucianism. He protect a city of China to attack Mongolia.
His behavior show us what the best Xia is and the spirit of being
engaged in society and country. Yang Guo He is a Xia combined with
Taoism. He dont want be tied up by etiquette. Jhang Wuji He is a
Xia combined with Buddhism. He is very merciful and doctor many
people.
- Slide 58
- Xiaof Jin Yong Xia in Jin Yongs novel is fantastic in ancient
time, defined by modern concept of Xia,that is, the definition is
not similar to primary concept of Xia. Moreover, Jin Yong created
some Xia of his own, and some of these Xia really affect modern
peoples thoughts of Xia with the trend of Jin Yong s novel. Xias in
Jin Yongs novels are different from appearance to individual
personalities. In his last novel, The Deer and the Cauldron, there
even has a person, named Wei Xiaobao, who has a part of
personalities about Xia but is not Xia. We can take each Xia in
different books as a new explanation of Xia.
- Slide 59
- Influence of Jin Yong No matter Taiwan or China, all of Jin
Yongs novels have been adapted to soap opera again and again and
some of them even have been made as movies. Computer games about
Jin Yongs novel also appeared with the improvement of Internet.
Affecting people from young to old, Jin Yongs novels really
influence peoples thought of how to regard Xia and what Xias
definition is.
- Slide 60
- Influence of Jin Yong to nowadays Jin Yong s novels influence
not only demotic culture but also literature. Because his high
class of literature and characters in his novels are special, the
study of Jin Yongs novels, which called study of Jin, appeared.
Many scholars have researched the personalities, traits of
characters in novels and attitude, approach to events that they
undergo, and they even want to find the historic background of
novels.
- Slide 61
- Taiwan Martial Art Novels The development of Taiwan martial art
novels can be divided into four stages The Beginning Period, The
Prosperous Period, The Recessional Period, and The Deceased Period.
The followings are some introductions about the development and
traits of these four stages. The most famous author of Taiwan
martial art novels is Gu Long. He is also a author in The
Prosperous Period. Well introduce him to you later!
- Slide 62
- The Beginning Period time 1951-1960 background In 1949, The
Communist Party of China (CPC) ruled all of the mainland China,
established a new China. Consequently, the martial art novels
having published in China since Minguo were all called old group.
Before long, all of these old group martial art novels were
forbidden to publish and sell. Until about 1950, parts of the old
group martial art novels were transported to Taiwan by sea, sold
and rend in the rental library in every street and alley in
Taiwan.
- Slide 63
- The Beginning Period Afterwards, the relationship between
Taiwan and China was separated. The military position at strategic
border point even became narrow. In addition, the government of
Kuomintang wanted to prevent national secret revealed, so they
executed the law which controlled publications in the martial
period in 1951.This action made the old group martial art novels
fewer to disappear. traits Drawing materials from the old group
novels or inspecting and learning from the works of old group;
imitating the story, even copy the big part of the works.
- Slide 64
- The Prosperous Period time 1961-1970 background 1.The economy
of Taiwan in 1960 2.The need of cultural entertainment 3.Authors of
martial art novels made books just for money.
- Slide 65
- The Prosperous Period Cliquesuper skilled Fantastic
modernPhantomic traits Putting emphasis on highly skilled,
marvelous martial art. Describing some story of hero. The main
trend in 1960 Containing fantastic martial art Using new technique
of writing All of the book titles and contents are about ghost and
phantom. Symbolic authors Wolong Sheng, Sima Ling, etc. Hai Shang
Chi Chu Sheng, Tung Fang Yu, etc. Gu Long, Lu yu, Shang Kuan Ting,
etc. Chen Ching Yun, Tien Ko, Chiang Nan Liu, etc. four
department
- Slide 66
- About Gu Long Xiong Yaohua (1937 September 21, 1985), who wrote
under the penname Gu Long grew up in a broken family. He left home
and lived on writing martial art novels. Stages of his creation 1.
the foundation of the department of modern martial art novels Lone
Star Chronicles, Lover's Arrow, The Legend of the Hero's Banner,
Sword Bathed in Flowers/Spirit of the Sword, etc. 2. the
flourishing period of the department of modern martial art novels
Wulin's Side Story, The Legendary Twins, Sentimental Swordsman,
Ruthless Sword 3. the turning point of the department of modern
martial art novels The Eleventh Son, The Happy Hero, Meteor.
Butterfly. Sword, Midnight, Bright Moon, Saber, The White Jade
Tiger
- Slide 67
- About Gu Long traits modern literary WuXia 1.Use modern
literary writing technique. 2.Go deep into the leading roles heart
and make books full of philosophy of life. 3.Put friendship, love,
relationship of family, even the description of resisting against
the fate in books. 4.Mix eastern and western literature with
traditional literature. 5.Take youth to be the leading role instead
of the old, and no mention about the process of practicing martial
arts.
- Slide 68
- The Outline of Sentimental Swordsman, Ruthless Sword The first
part of Sentimental Swordsman, Ruthless Sword focuses on Lin
Xian'er and her efforts to cause unrest in the martial arts circle
with the name of a retired but infamous thief, the Plum Flower
Bandit. The second part of the novel looks at the schemes of
Shangguan Jinhong in gaining dominance in the martial arts circle.
Within these settings are characters that seem to be created just
to counter each other, such as Li Xunhuan against Shangguan
Jinhong, Jing Wuming against A-Fei and Lin Shiyin against Lin
Xian'er.
- Slide 69
- Role-discussing of Sentimental Swordsman, Ruthless Sword Li
Hsun Huan In the whole series of Hsiao Li Fei Tao fetures on Li
Hsun Huan. In the later half of the story, the author discusses
what martial arts really is. Through this, the author shows Li Hsun
Huan comprehending every thing and aggressive his martial arts.
Whats more, the author shows his humanized personality by
love.
- Slide 70
- A Fei Through him, we can see that he defined Xia as If you
grant mercy on me, then I will requite you; but if you bully me, I
will kill you. in the beginning. However, after he went through
many things, he fell into the pain of antinomy and blindness
instead of well experienced. Role-discussing of Sentimental
Swordsman, Ruthless Sword
- Slide 71
- Xia in Sentimental Swordsman, Ruthless Sword Compared Jin Yongs
novels with Gu Long s, the former features on national duty and
rescuing people while the later puts more emphasis on the
relationship between Xia and human nature. For example, Gu Long
considered close friends can be enemies in one time. In addition,
Xia often confuses between love and friendship.
- Slide 72
- The Recessional Period time 1971-1980 The reasons that made
Taiwan martial art novels recessional 1. Ten Major Construction
Projects made Taiwans economy prosperous the popular media became
universalTV martial arts plays started, martial arts movies became
thriving, radio and comic books got a great response 2.The internal
dilemma of martial arts creation a. Too commercial b. Corruptive
creating- plagiarize, copy, assume name. c. The creativity dried
up
- Slide 73
- The Deceased Period Time 1981-2000 The reason of deceasing No
one to carry on Worried porning works inundates.
- Slide 74
- Introduction of Yeng Zho Scholary Swordsman Made in 1958, Yeng
Zho Scholary Swordsman is the first Glove puppetry soap opera and
is very popular then. Shih Yen Wen, the main character in the
series even become a racial hero to students that time. The show
was made again in 2000, revised in some details, but didnt change
its outline and spirit of Shih Yen Wen.
- Slide 75
- Outline The series describe that Shih Yen Wen and Xia in the
society of Xias attack betrayer and the group of bad men, protect
the king, people, and other Xia.
- Slide 76
- The combination of Xia and Confucianism Being pure loyal,
obedient, love, Yi man, Shih Yen Wen is portrayed by most people in
the series by using this sentence. In the beginning, Shih Yen Wen
attack unfair fighting competition with anger and this is Xia.
Then, Shih Yen Wen work hard for people and other Xia without
caring danger to his life that he faces. We take this behavior as
the best model of Xia.
- Slide 77
- The combination of Xia and Confucianism Xia do everything by
his own justice and we can find Shih Yen Wen do everything by
loyalty and Yi, which is one of the main thought of Chinese
Confucianism. Therefore, we say Shih Yen Wen is a Xia who follows
the thoughts of Confucianism. On the other hand, Ju is also
representative of a man of letter. Shih Yen Wen has high class of
literature, like writing poems and articles, and do antithetical
couplet. Having high class of literature and martial art is the
necessary qualities of Ju Xia.
- Slide 78
- Xia of Shih Yen Wen The Xia of Shih Yen Wen, which is based on
modern concept of Xia has two traits. First, help people by Yi when
he saw unfair; second, be Xias leader. That is, Shih Yen Wen is the
best Xia of all, taking social justice and peace as the most
important things he should do, and recognizing that group is major
to self. The influence to Taiwan of Shih Yen Wens Xia is not simply
that he is Xia, but also that make a new model and standard of Xia
to modern society by his behavior.
- Slide 79
- The meaning of Yeng Zho Scholary Swordsman Owing to the trend
of Yeng Zho Scholary Swordsman in Taiwan, when we talk about Xia
now, most people think of Shih Yen Wen naturally. So, we can say
that Shih Yen Wen represent the best Xia in Taiwan and even is a
standard that people assume who is Xia. Shih Yen Wen is a person
who puts Confucianism into practice, being a model of combining the
Xia and Confucianism.
- Slide 80
- Movie of Wu Xia In 1960s, movie industry pop on the East. Movie
of Wu Xia begins from Bruce Lee to Jet Li, Once Upon A Time In
China, in 1990s. And,in 2000, Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon shot by
Li Ann even brings this kind of movie into Western culture.
- Slide 81
- For instance 1979. The Deadly Breaking Sword 1992. Once Upon A
Time In China I 2000. Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon
- Slide 82
- Film
- Slide 83
- Comparison Martial art in The Deadly Breaking Sword is fitful
because the technique to shoot movies is not good then. However, it
also can explain the meaning of Xia in a new way, not similar to
literature. Of course, martial art in Once Upon A Time In China is
better than before. And Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon even explains
not only martial art but also the connotation of Xia.
- Slide 84
- The origin of Japanese Bushido In the generation of Nara
(A.D.710~784), the manorial system became more and more popular.
After conscription was downfallen, in order to protect himself, the
owners of baronies started to organized the farmers in his barony
and taught them martial arts. Therefore, these farmers gradually
became a group of people who especially to be assigned to protect
the barony and fight with invaders.
- Slide 85
- The classical Japanese Bushido The classical Japanese Bushido
also called hagakure. In Japanse, hagakure means the shadow of
trees. It symbolizes a person who can be loyal to his duke even pay
his live. Whats more, this kind of person will protect his duke
clandestinely. The spirit of hagakure thought that only sacrifice
can show ones loyalty.
- Slide 86
- The spirit of Japanese Bushido 1. Do not afraid of death 2. To
comply with crowned head absolutely 3. Put emphasize on convenances
4. Look up on the responsibility seriously 5. Pay attention to
shame and glory
- Slide 87
- The meaning of Japanese Bushido In Japan, Bushido spirit was
promoted fierily in the Middle Ages. It was accepted by all the
people from different society classes. This spirit even become a
mores and deeply affect Japanese people. In short, Japanese Bushido
symbolizes a spirit of Japan.
- Slide 88
- The summary of Western Chivalry and the culture of Hero Most of
the translators translate the spirit of Xia into these two words;
however, there are some difference between Xia and these two.
Because of this, we picked these and introduce these to let you
know the Western culture and then lead further to the spirit aspect
of Eastern culture. The European The books such as Robin Hood and
Peter Pan can be translated into Xia. Therefore, we suspect that
these must have something in common.
- Slide 89
- Chivalry Chivalry is polite, kind, and unselfish behavior,
especially by men towards women. In the Middle Age, chivalry was
the set of the rules and way of behaving which knights were
expected to follow.
- Slide 90
- The Process of Chivalry 1.The origin meaning is horsemanship.
2. After the Crusades, the fame and position of chivalry class
rose. After contacting with eastern culture, the spirit of Chivalry
is formed gradually into some creeds loyalty, , worshiping rich
women, and taking adventure as the supreme glory. 3.In the 12
century, the meaning of Chivalry was transformed into the life norm
* To protect the old and weak, women, and children. * To fight
against unfairness and evil because of justice. * To love homeland.
* To do everything to protect the Church. 4.In the Middle Age, the
King established the chivalry organization and made knights
important in the country. They promised to be loyal to the King and
do their best to win the war.
- Slide 91
- The conditions to become a knight in the Middle Age 1.Be
well-born. 2.He had to be trained when youth, be a server and learn
polite letters and martial arts in suzerain, and learn manner from
mistress. Afterwards, he could be awarded the name of Knight at 21.
3.The young Knight often showed that they had a clear conscience by
competition in martial arts on horses.
- Slide 92
- Knight and Ranger Knight was a kind of cavalry trained formally
in the Middle Age in Europe. Then, it became a kind of name of
honor. In the literature of Chivalry, knights are symbolized to be
brave, loyal, and incarnation of hero. Rangers themselves could be
part of knights or noblemen but give up their identity or their
land was swallowed up by other noblemen. So, they left their land
and roam around to find another master.
- Slide 93
- The Degeneracy of Chivalry By 1500, the knights, who were
soldiers of battles, had been replaced by soldiers who had
firearms. From then on, the chivalry degenerated. However, the
spirit and system of Chivalry didnt disappear at all. Instead, it
is the notion of Chivalry polite and well-behavior that is regarded
as an important thought in western world.
- Slide 94
- The literature of Chivalry It is divided into lyric poetry and
narrative poetry, which show the spirit that knights fight for
love, honor, and achievements. In the history of European
literature, the literature of Chivalry represents for the
literature of feudalism.
- Slide 95
- Lyric Poetry of Chivalry The center of lyric poetry is
Provence, southern France. It was written by troubadours. In the
northern place trouvres used some nearby and historic materials to
create Romance History
- Slide 96
- The Legend of Chivalry It is divided into three systems
Ancient, Britannia, and Byzantium. The best work are Britannia
fictional stories of King Arthur.
- Slide 97
- Don Quixote Don Quixote is published in 1605 and 1615 by
Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra. The background was a
era without knights. The main character, Don Quixote, dreamed that
he had been a knight, so he did lots of unthinkable deeds and
finally woke from his dream.
- Slide 98
- The Meaning of Don Quixote Don Quixote stands for knight in
feudal society. He indulged in the literature of Chivalry and
dreamed to be a knight, trying to revive the spirit of Chivalry.
With his passion and inflexibility, he didnt care what other people
thought of him. He regarded keeping justice as his sacred mission.
However, we could still find his kind motive and intact purity in
humanity through his absurd deeds. Although the spirit of Chivalry
existed in 13 century, there are still some culture which succeeded
to it in European society at present.
- Slide 99
- European Translative Literature about Xia In this part, well
introduce some literature works that were translated into Chinese
and named Xia. Therefore, books of this part might have some
similar concept that fit in with Xia. We try to give you a easier
way to know what eastern people think Xia to be by introducing
these books. Besides, we compare these with the contemporary
concept of Xia so as to look upon Xia much widely.
- Slide 100
- Books You can click the following books or movies to get more
details. Peter Pan Zorro Scarlet Pimpernel Robin Hood
- Slide 101
- The Meaning and Influence of Translative Literature The
characters in the books are called Xia, which is defined by
contemporary Eastern literature always exerted themselves to keep
justice. Because the translative literature was widely read, it
truly influenced the concept of Xia to young people. However, the
western interpretation is still different from the concept of
Xia.
- Slide 102
- The Content of Peter Pan In stifling Edwardian London, Wendy
Darling mesmerizes her brothers every night with bedtime tales of
swordplay, swashbuckling and the fearsome Captain Hook. But the
children become the heroes of an even greater story, when Peter Pan
flies into their nursery one night and leads them over moonlit
rooftops through a galaxy of stars and to the lush jungles of
Neverland. Wendy and her brothers join Peter and the Lost Boys in
an exhilarating life--free of grown-up rules--while also facing the
inevitable showdown with Hook and his bloodthirsty pirates.
- Slide 103
- Peter Pan and Xia Peter Pan isnt referred to as Xia because it
doesnt fit in with the Chinese concept of Xia. Although he truly
have some traits courage and sense of justice, he fighted against
Captain Hook for personal feeling of resentment instead of fair
standpoint. Therefore, Peter Pan isnt regarded as Xia. As for why
he is translated into Xia in Chinese, we will explain it in the
next page.
- Slide 104
- Peter Pan and Xia It is because that Peter Pan this book is a
fairytale. For children, Peter Pan can do things that they cant do.
Therefore, this cool name Xia is to attract children to admire. But
the actual Xia should possess more noble morals.
- Slide 105
- The Content of Zorro Zorro (Spanish for Fox, and a by-word for
cunning or devious) is the superhero secret identity of Don Diego
de la Vega (originally Don Diego Vega), a fictional nobleman and
master swordsman living in Spanish and Mexican-era California. He
defends the people of the land against tyrannical governors and
other villains; not only is he much too cunning and foxlike for the
bumbling authorities to catch, but he delights in publicly
humiliating those same foes while riding on his horse Tornado.
- Slide 106
- Zorro and Xia In the beginning, Zorro wasnt qualified as Xia.
We just viewed him as a person who was good at martial art and
wanted to revenge his dead brother. However, after given a lesson
and told that Zorro does everything for the masses by Diego, he
started to care about the masses, even giving up his family. This
kind of characteristic fit in with Xia.
- Slide 107
- Zorro and Xia Everything that Zorro had done made him a great
person. He fought against evil and protect the people. His personal
characteristic revealed that he lived for the people!
- Slide 108
- The Content of Scarlet Pimpernel The Scarlet Pimpernel is one
of the great world's great literary characters which is set in the
18th century against the backdrop of the French Revolution. The
book was written by a real baroness - a young woman forced to flee
her native Hungary because of fear of a peasant revolt against the
ruling class. Her fictitious character, Sir Percy Blakeney, is the
leader of a secret society of English aristocrats called the League
of the Scarlet Pimpernel. As the Pimpernel, he rescues French
aristocrats who have been condemned to death by the blade of the
guillotine. The Scarlet Pimpernel takes his nickname from the small
red flower with which he signs his messages. No one except his
small group of followers, and possibly the Prince of Wales, knows
his true identity.
- Slide 109
- Scarlet Pimpernel and Xia Some characteristics of Scarlet
Pimpernel are close to the ones of Xia To rebel against the selfish
behavior of ruling person; to hide ones true identity and do just
things behind the scene.
- Slide 110
- Robin Hood 1194 After an epic journey from England, Robin of
Locksley and his man Much, are camped outside Acre, the ancient
port on the coast of the Mediterranean, now held by Salah al-Din
and his vast Muslim army. Robin and Much are part of King Richard
Coeur de Lion's bodyguard. .moremore
- Slide 111
- Robin Hood and Xia Robin Hood relatively tallies with Xia
because he is wise, good at martial art, against vicious power.
This folk legend shows the image of Hero for the people. Especially
in the turbulent times, Robin Hood is actually the Savior of the
people. Therefore, we refer to him as a man who did Xia by stealing
fortunes of the rich.
- Slide 112
- The Origin of the Culture of American Heroes It first started
in 1929 when the Great Recession occurred, people often placed hope
on comics. 1938~1955, the culture of American Heroes developed to
the prime time. Superman is the masterpiece of this period.
- Slide 113
- The Origin of the Culture of American Hero In the World War
Two, the patriotism sprang up, making the culture of American Hero
more active. By 1960, many heroes who were born with special power
appeared in various features after the movie industry sprang
up.
- Slide 114
- The Traits of the Culture of American Hero Basic elements The
topic that justice always wins Powerful enemy but eventually fail
High-spirited and winding circumstance The heroic characteristic
Super energy, individualism, aggressive, absolute confidence In
brief, contemporary worship of Hero reveals peoples values of
capability, courage, wise, virtue, and achievement.
- Slide 115
- American Heroic Movies Superman, Spiderman, Batman, XMan, The
Flash, Daredevil, The Hulk, Hellboy, Ironman, Ghost Rider,
Fantastic Four, Spawn, Catwoman, Blade, Robocop, Vendetta, Elektra,
Wonder Woman
- Slide 116
- The Content of Spiderman In 2002, one of the world's most
popular comic book heroes made his leap to the big screen. Released
in conjunction with the 40th anniversary of the web-slinger's first
appearance in a comic book, Spider-Man centers on an ordinary
student named Peter Parker who, after being bitten by a
genetically-altered spider, gains superhuman strength and the
spider-like ability to cling to any surface. He vows to use his
abilities to fight crime. Orphaned at an early age, Peter Parker
lives in Queens, New York with his beloved Aunt May and Uncle Ben.
Peter leads the life of a normal student, working as a photographer
at the school paper, pining after his beautiful next-door neighbor
Mary Jane Watson and hanging out with his buddy Harry Osborn. On a
school field trip where Peter and his classmates are given a
science demonstration on arachnids, Peter is bitten by a
genetically- altered spider. Soon after, he discovers that he has
gained unusual powers - the strength and agility of a spider along
with a keen, ESP-like "spider sense".
- Slide 117
- At first, Peter decides to use these powers to make money to
impress Mary Jane. He appears in a wrestling match and, armed with
his new spider strength, wins the match in record time. But the
crooked wrestling match promoter refuses to award Peter the prize
money. Moments later, the promoter is robbed and Peter has the
opportunity to catch the burglar fleeing from the promoter's
office, but because he wants revenge Peter refuses to stop him.
Tragically, the burglar kills Peter's Uncle Ben during a carjacking
as he flees the scene of the crime. As Spider-Man, Peter apprehends
the burglar but is plagued with guilt for not being a hero sooner.
During his time of turmoil, Peter remembers something Uncle Ben
once told him: "With great power, comes great responsibility."
Peter takes this to heart and decides to use his extraordinary
powers to fight crime and protect the city as Spider-Man.
Meanwhile, megalomaniacal businessman Norman Osborn, Harry's
father, is undergoing some changes of his own. An experimental
formula has gone awry, increasing his intelligence and strength but
also driving him insane. He is now the Green Goblin, Spider-Man's
arch-enemy, who will put young Peter Parker's vow to fight crime
and help innocent people to the ultimate test.
- Slide 118
- The Thought and Meaning of Spiderman Spiderman is the most
popular American heroic movie, whose thoughts influence people a
lot. The main gist of Spiderman is With great power, comes great
responsibility. This sentence appeared in the movie repeatedly.
This is also the latest talks of uncle Ben. It shows that how much
responsibility Heroes take again and again.
- Slide 119
- The Traits of American Heroic Movies In the various American
Heroic movies, every main character has its own special power, use
it to hit guilty, help handle public security, and be the helper of
the police as well as the idol of the people. They may face the
problem that they are different from the general public and then
cant continue to live as usual. Finally, each of them has their own
result living in privacy, death, or so.
- Slide 120
- The Influence of the Culture of American Hero Just like other
American culture, it has spread all over the world. And it also
influences many other culture. There is still lots of space to
improve and change. It might be complete because of the development
of the movie industry.