The Counter Reformation 1530s-1648 The Catholic Church’s Response to the Protestant Reformation

The Counter ReformationThe Counter Reformation 1530s-1648 1530s-1648

The Catholic Church’s The Catholic Church’s Response Response

to the Protestant Reformationto the Protestant Reformation

Catholic Tactics1. Reform the Church from within

Council of Trent 2. Stop the Spread of Protestantism

(with water torture):

Ignatius of Loyola

Born of Spanish nobility, 1491

He was originally a knight.

In 1521, a cannonball shattered his leg.

Ignatius Loyola During his recovery, he

dedicated his life to the Church

Pilgrimage to Holy Land

Founded the Society of Jesus: Jesuits

(to right) Manresa, Chapel in the Cave of Saint Ignatius,

where Ignatius practiced asceticism

The Jesuits Founded by Ignatius

Loyola in 1540 Promoted education Missionary work

Cared for poor and sick Tried to convert people

in other lands Ingenious contraptions

Ignatius Loyola

Jesuit Inventions

What does this quote by Loyola mean?

“We should always […]

believe that that which

appears white is really black,

if […] the Church so decides.”

Reform Within the Church

The Council of Trent (1545-1563)

3 meetings to reform

and define church teaching Reforms:

Bishops must live where they serve Restricted the selling of indulgences Refocused the church on helping the

poor

Council of Trent

3 Meetings over 18 years

Council of Trent Teachings of Protestantism rejected:

Faith + good works = salvation Church traditions = to the Bible Pope is supreme leader Man has free will to choose or reject

God Nobody is predestined to heaven or H-E

double hockey sticks….

Do James and Paul contradict each other?

James 2:15-17

If a brother or sister is ill-clad and in lack of daily food, and

one of you says to them, "Go in peace,

be warmed and filled," without

giving them the things needed for

the body, what does it profit? So

faith by itself, if it has no works, is

dead.

Ephesians 2:8-9

For by grace you have been saved through faith; and this is not your own doing, it is the gift of God—not because of works, lest any man should boast.

James’ “good works” are caring for the poor and sick

Paul’s “works” were rituals of Judaism, like eating only kosher food or making sacrifices

Stopping the Spread of Protestantism

Index (List) of Banned Books Created in 1559 by Pope

to prevent heresy Banned Protestant books Banned books List:

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/indexlibrorum.asp

Stopping the Spread of ProtestantismThe Inquisition often used the Auto-da-fe: “Act of Faith”, a public trial that was usually followed by torture or execution

Was the Counter-

Reformation a success?

The Church did not win back man

who had converted to

Protestantism…

…but it began to lose its reputation for corruption, and Catholicism spread

widely through missionary work.

Titian’s portrait of Pope Paul III

Europe in 1555

Based on the divisions on the preceding map, can you predict what will happen in Europe

next?

Members of different churches do battle