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1Chief of Force Development / Chef du Développement des Forces
UNCLASSIFIED
The Canadian Association of Defence
and Security Industries (CADSI)
CAF Space Projects / Capabilities
Projets et Capabilités Spatiales des FAC
Director Space Requirements
Col Jeff Dooling
DG Space
BGen Michel Lalumiere
2Chief of Force Development / Chef du Développement des Forces
UNCLASSIFIED
Imagery © 2010 TerraMetrics
NASA2007 Jose Manuel Gómez Imagery
© 2000 NASA’s Visible Earth
3Chief of Force Development / Chef du Développement des Forces
UNCLASSIFIED
Space Force Development
• ISR
– Earth Observation, Surveillance and
Reconnaissance from Space
– Surveillance of Space
• SATCOM
• NAVWAR
• R&D (ADM(S&T) – DRDC)
5Chief of Force Development / Chef du Développement des Forces
UNCLASSIFIED
RADARSAT 2 (R2)
Overview
Capability/Military Utility
Issues
Provides all weather, day or night, RADAR
imaging for Government of Canada and
commercial applications
•Cost: $530M major crown project
•Phase: Closed Out (Satellite is active)
•IOC: Aug 2011 (launched Dec 2007)
•Design Life: 7 years
• Marine Surveillance: Provides near-real time ship detection to the maritime community
• Change Detection: Ability to detect, monitor changes on the ground. Establish pattern of life etc. 24 day CCD revisit.
• Disaster Management: Near-real time data delivery for mapping and damage monitoring
• Access: CSA is Government of Canada’s POC for product requests
•Life Expectancy: Has design life of 7 yrs (Dec 2014); R1 went 12 yrs past design life
6Chief of Force Development / Chef du Développement des Forces
UNCLASSIFIED
Polar Epsilon
Overview
Capability/Military Utility
Issues
• RADARSAT-2 Ground Segment East & West
• New RADARSAT-2 beam modes
• TERRA & AQUA Ground Segment East & West
• Concept of Operations
• Data Exploitation Tools
•Aim: Support to CF operations, Arctic &
Maritime Domain Awareness
•Description: Global ISR RADARSAT 2
•Original Funding: $64.5 M ($BY)
•Project Phase: Last FOC Apr 2012, Close Out
30 Jun 2013
Arctic Land Surveillance (RADARSAT 2)
Surveillance of Canada’s Arctic Region
Near Real Time Ship Detection (RADARSAT 2)
Surveillance of Canada’s Maritime approaches
Global surveillance (Chief of Defence Intelligence)
Maritime Satellite Surveillance Radar
Design of new RADARSAT 2 beams
Environmental Sensing
Support to CF operations
Surveillance & Reconnaissance
Real-time downlink of CSI
Shareable/Releasable Imagery
Space Situational Awareness
Space Order of Battle - Threat
Satellite Overflight Data
Mission Planning
Joint Space Support Capability
Two tactical space-based capabilities: URSA and SSA ($43M budget)
URSA: Deployable antenna w/ associated ground receive infrastructure
SSA: Space SA via CommandView on-line
INT reports
Overview
Capabilities Military Utility
Issues
URSA: Directly downloading and processing
CSI in near real-time from many distinct
satellites (8)
URSA: Capable of operating independently in
an austere environment
SSA: Predict satellite over-flight timings for
different locations on Earth
9Chief of Force Development / Chef du Développement des Forces
UNCLASSIFIED
Surveillance of Space (SofS)
Objectives: Obtain assured access to
orbital data on space objects of Canadian
national interest via the acquisition and
deployment of a space-based sensor
system (the Sapphire System) and
integrate this Canadian contribution into
the US Space Surveillance Network.
Capability Deliverables
• Monitor space objects from 6000-40000 km • Sapphire Satellite System• Canadian Sensor System Operations Centre (North Bay)• Ground segment• Design Life minimum 5 years
Sapphire satellite
launched 25 Feb 13, in
India
Depiction of Sapphire
satellite detecting objects
in space
Overview Close Out
• Budget: ~$96.4M (exclusive of EBP)
• Total Spent: ~$86.3M (exclusive of EBP)
• Returned to GoC: ~$10.1M (includes $5.8M
contingency)
• Sapphire Satellite was launched successfully on
25 Feb 13. Commissioning phase completed 29
May 13, with the successful Commissioning
Results Review.
• IOC – 10 Sep 13; FOC – 12 Feb 14
10Chief of Force Development / Chef du Développement des Forces
UNCLASSIFIED
Capability/Military Utility
• 4.3% of US DoD Advanced Extremely High
Frequency (AEHF) constellation
• Capacity varies by four geographic regions
- NA, Europe, Asia, Pacific
• Comms links fully controlled by DND
• Anti-jam, survivable, Ka and Q-band
• Low-probability of detection/interception
Overview
• Cost: $592M, ($204M for space segment)
• Phase – Implementation
• Anchor stations completed
• SMART-T delivery completed
• Naval installations proceeding (3 completed)
• Early access avail for limited operations, trg &
testing
• AEHF IOC Jun 14, AEHF FOC 2019– PMSC IOC Nov 2013, PMSC FOC 2021
• MOU valid until 2025
Issues
• Terminal procurement via Foreign Military
Sales (FMS) cases
• Sustainment through FMS Sustainment Cases
• 22 x Naval Multiband Terminals• 2 National Entry Points (with 2 terminals each)
• 12 x Frigates, 4 x subs, 1 x CFNES
• 1 x destroyer (now de-scoped)
• 19 x SMART-Ts (trailer-mounted):• 7 x CFJSR, 3 x 8 ACCS, 6 x Brigades, 3 x CFSCE
• Man- Portable terminals – no adequate solution
on market, de-scoping strategy in progress
Protected Military Satellite
Communications (PMSC)
11Chief of Force Development / Chef du Développement des Forces
UNCLASSIFIED
Mercury Global (MG) Capability/Military Utility
• ‘Anywhere, anytime’ high capacity satellite
connectivity (X and Mil Ka band)
• 1.9% of US DoD Wideband Global Satellite
Communications System (WGS)
• ITU-regulated military frequency spectrum
• Common space segment for land, maritime,
and airborne platforms
• Multinational MOU – Canada, Denmark,
Netherlands, Luxembourg, New Zealand, US
Overview
• Wideband SATCOM connectivity to meet the
CAF’s current and future C4I req’ts
• Cost: $601 M, leverages ~11B WGS
constellation
• Phases: • Space Segment – Implementation
• Grnd Segment – Impl (Anchor Stations) and
Def (Strategic Deployable Terminals [SDTs]))
• ‘Early Access’ implemented at Halifax,
Kingston & Victoria, Nov 2013
• MG IOC 2013, MG FOC 2016
Issues
• Ground Segment (Anchor Stations)– TB Approval Granted 23 Oct 14
– Contract Award date 07 Nov 14
• Ground segment (SDTs)– To remain in extended definition
– SDT SOR drafted, undergoing review
– Technical version was released 27 Jun 14
• Will not deliver user segment– Tactical unit comms, intra-theatre
• Arctic requirement >65°N will be addressed
by separate future project
ARCTIC NEXUS
12Chief of Force Development / Chef du Développement des Forces
UNCLASSIFIED
NAVWAR (Navigation Warfare)
Programme • Protection of platforms/systems
• Integration of NAVWAR in operations based on
EA ,EP and ES to assure PNT to CAF
• Leveraging of R&D with allies ($ M savings)
• Preparing for “Emerging Threat” awareness
/mitigation
• Voice in development of modernized military
GPS user equipment – M-Code (2018 timeframe)
• Support to OGDs (GNSS Coord Board)
On-Going Actions / Issues(NAVWAR influences all current
Capital Programs)
• Integrating NAVWAR into Operations (CONOPS)
• GNSS Ops Vulnerability Assessments
• R&D, tests and field trials: ongoing
• Preparations for GNSS Modernization and
M-Code integration
• Investigating multi-GNSS receivers
Overview Aim: Providing operational Commanders and
forces Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT)
Information Superiority
• MOUs & Int’l Agreements (4-Eyes/11Nations)
• GNSS / GPS R&D, Experimentation, Tests and
Trials, Operational Assessments
• Joint Capability Development with Comds and
Services
• Interdepartmental WG and Coord on GNSS
• Support to Operations
14Chief of Force Development / Chef du Développement des Forces
UNCLASSIFIED
Surveillance of Space 2Capability Overview
• Will provide surveillance of deep space objects through
Space-based sensor(s).
• Will contribute to CF Space Situational Awareness
• Will track “Deep Space” Objects (man-made objects in orbits
that are ~6K – >40K km in altitude)
• Capability continuation of that provided by Sapphire
– Sapphire Launched in 2013, 5 year design life
• Manning – to be incorporated into SSOC/CanSpOC location
as an additional sensor/sensors; thus, minimal additional PYs
required (if any)
Programme• Estimated Cost: over $100M
• Phase: Options Analysis
• Milestones:
IOC: 2022
FOC: 2023
• If not implemented, this would be a considerable loss to
DND/CAF in capability for conducting SSA, contributing to
allied/NORAD commitments. Furthermore, lack of a follow-on
to Sapphire may result in a loss of confidence in Canadian
commitment to SSA and contributing to the SSN.
On-Going Actions / Issues• Definition delayed until at least FY 15/16 due to internal
funding priorities, CIPPR, and potential need for IPCP (TBD)
• Finalizing Business Case Analysis of recommended system
option
• Investigating possibility of conducting ground-based optical
(GBO) sub-system as a Minor Project
• Working to identify source for funding of In-Service support for
proposed sensor system
15Chief of Force Development / Chef du Développement des Forces
UNCLASSIFIED
RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM)
Overview
Capability/Military Utility
Issues
Ensures continuity of RADARSAT data to
users while improving operational use of
Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR)
•Cost: $1.1B major crown project
•Phase: Definition
•Forecasted IOC: July 2018
•Design Life: 7 years
• Enhanced Global, including arctic, Maritime Domain Awareness including near-real-time ship detection, identification and tracking
• RCM dual payload: SAR and AIS enables data fusion and exposes ‘dark targets’ globally
• Improved Land surveillance and intelligence products, including 4 day coherent change detection revisit
• Whole-of-Government Use: Op availability shared with other Gov agencies.
• Data Policy: Licensing Agreement inhibits “free” data sharing
• No Classified Enclave: Possible area restrictions due to inability to process classified data (i.e. No Hi-Res imaging over location X while operation ‘Y’ is active)
16Chief of Force Development / Chef du Développement des Forces
UNCLASSIFIED
Polar Epsilon 2
Overview
Capability/Military Utility
Issues
• Whole-of-Gov approach to delivering more persistent and responsive Arctic, maritime, and deployed ops surveillance & recce using next-generation space-based capabilities• Cost: $142.7 M including 2 yrs P,O&M• P,O&M: Steady state FY19/20, $13.3M yearly• Phase: Definition/Implementation start Dec 2012• IOC: Oct 2018 Ground Segment
• Global ship identification and tracking
• RCM dual payload: radar and automatic identification system on space segment
• Coverage:
– Daily coverage of Maritime approaches
– Up to 4 times daily Canada’s Arctic Region
• Four day coherent change detection revisit
• RCM: AIS Space Segment (Implementation)
• Ground Segment (Definition)
• Data Exploitation (Definition)
17Chief of Force Development / Chef du Développement des Forces
UNCLASSIFIED
Maritime Domain Awareness (RADARSAT with AIS)
Raw data picture
+6,000 tracks daily
Processed image allows for
queuing of high-demand / low
density assets
18Chief of Force Development / Chef du Développement des Forces
UNCLASSIFIED
Satellite-Based Search & Rescue
• LEOSAR
– 2 SAR repeaters on US satellites in LEO
– Implementation Phase
• MEOSAR
– 24 SAR repeaters on US GPS satellites in
MEO
– Timelines tied to US GPS design
milestones & launch
– Definition Phase
• Founding member of International COSPAS-SARSAT Agreement
• Credited with saving > 32,000 lives & $10M/yr in SAR costs
19Chief of Force Development / Chef du Développement des Forces
UNCLASSIFIED
MEOSAR
Capability/Military Utility
• Provide a much-improved ability to detect,
identify, & locate distress radio beacons
world-wide– Provide 24 repeaters to USAF GPS III satellite project
• Deliver Sense Domain search & rescue (SAR)
within Canada’s SAR zone of responsibility
• Fulfill Canada’s obligations IAW ICSPA
OverviewMedium Earth Orbit Search and Rescue
• Cost: $247M IOC TBD FOC TBD
• Phase: Options Analysis
• $4.7M ACAN contract for Phase 1 (prototype
development) to COM DEV
• Construct ground stations (Local User
Terminals - LUTs)– receive & process distress radio beacon transmissions
• Upgrades to: Tech Eval Centre (Ottawa) to
monitor the repeaters, and Canadian Mission
Control Centre (Trenton)
Issues
• No DND Policy Mandate
• Require source of Capital Funding
• Project Complexity and Risk Assessment
(PCRA) = 4 (High Risk)
• Tied to GPS III schedule
ARCTIC NEXUS
LEOSAR
MEOSAR
CONSTELLATION
• ESA Galileo
• Russia Glonass
• US/Canada GPS III
Ship in distress
Canadian Mission
Control Centre (CMCC)Joint Rescue Coordination
Centre (JRCC) 1. Ship in distress
activates beacon
2. Multiple MEOSAR
satellites identify
the signal
3. The signal is
relayed between
the MEOSAR
constellation
4. The MEOSAR
satellite in range
of the CMCC
relays the signal
5. CMCC is alerted
and sends the
location to the
JRCC
6. The JRCC
coordinates the
response.
SAR Emergency Locator Transmitter – beacon (ELT) Sudbury,
17 March 2015
- six-seater Piper aircraft, 3 people on board, unfortunately perished.
- The aircraft did have a 406 MHz ELT and it was registered. The current LEO/GEO SARSAT system did detect the beacon about three times but the parameters of those detections were insufficient to determine a position. Thus, the beacon alert came up on the operational system as an Unlocated detection.
- Our SAR coordination center have access to experimental MEOSAR signals/system, their analysis provided this result:
• As it turns out the MEOSAR experimental system had also successfully made the detection, it calculated a position for the beacon south of Sudbury. After the wreckage was found, it turns out the MEOSAR position was about 1.1 nm North of the actual crash site which you can see in the attached map.
23Chief of Force Development / Chef du Développement des Forces
UNCLASSIFIED
Tactical Narrowband Satellite Communications (TNS)
Issues
• Mandatory global and Cdn Arctic coverage
• Complete circumpolar coverage desirable
• Investigating 5 options
• One potential option is a polar
constellation which also satisfies
wideband comms and other whole of
gov’t Arctic requirements
• Significant Allied interest in polar option
Capability/Military Utility
• Tactical comms for C2 voice & data nets for
land, sea, & air applications
• Interoperability with DoD & NATO
• UHF band best for Beyond-Line-Of-Sight
(BLOS) capability that must penetrate
vegetation, & work well in mountainous,
built-up urban environments
Overview
• Guaranteed access to global and arctic
narrowband (UHF) to support tactical BLOS
comms
• Cost: $933M (ROM)
• Phase: Options Analysis
• Forecasted IOC: 2021
25Chief of Force Development / Chef du Développement des Forces
UNCLASSIFIED
Current TNS Schedule
Options AnalysisJune 2014- Apr 2017
Definition2017-2019
Implementation2019- 2024
Close-out2024
2016
Based on longest schedule estimate for Northern constellation definition and implementation
DCBMar 16
TBS2nd SRBSRB1Jan 2016 DPS
PMB
2017
Pending CIPPR
IRPDA2IRPDA1
Apr
DCB
26
DRAFT
UNCLASSIFIED
DRAFT
UNCLASSIFIED
Space Organization
Space Ops & Readiness
Space Watch
24/7 Watch
Space Ops & Space Support
Current Ops / Plans / Trg / Std Eval
Joint Space Support Teams (JSST)
BGen Lalumiere
D Space RequirementsD Space Policy & Strategy
NAVWAR ISR SATCOM
OUTCAN Space
US JSpOC/Sensors
Comd CJOC
Policy / Strat Plans / Doctrine /
R&D / HR
CFD
CFICC
Responsive
to
Canadian Joint Space Component Commander
Space Capability Development
FG / FD
Space Operations
FE
Space Cadre
Management
CJOC Directors
& Components DG Space
Italic : notional C2 Relationship
“one dog to kick” for space
Comd CANSOFCOM
Comd NORAD
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