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VerilyAllahcreatedthecreationforHisibaadah1,asHesaid,
AndIhaveneithercreatedtheJinnnorhumankind,ex
ceptthattheyworshipMe.Iseeknotfromthemanypro
vision,nordoIaskthattheyfeedme.VerilyAllahisthe
AllProvider, the Owner of Power, the Most Strong.
[SurahadhDhaariyaat(51):5658]
And inorder toclarify therealityofworship thatAllahobli
gated upon His slaves, He sent messengers and revealed
books, that people come to knowwhat ismandatory upon
them in regards to their Rubb2 (), and to know that their
1 Ibaadah () linguistically is theutmostextentofhumility. [Mufradaat
AlfaadhilQuranbyarRaaghibalAsfahaani].Inthereligioussense,itisa
generaltermwhichconsistsofallthingswhichAllahlovesandispleased
withinspeechandaction,innerandouter.[alUbudiyyahbyibnTaymi
yyah]
2 Thewordrubb ()isaderivativeoftheverbrabbaa()whichliterally
means to raise andnurture, as the father andmothernurtureand raise
theirchildrenbyprovidingforthemfood,clothing,andothernecessities.
AllahistheRubbbecauseheistheonewhocreates,providessustenance,
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happinessandsorrowisinterrelatedwithworship,initspresenceorabsence.Allah()said,
OChildrenofAadam if therecome toyouMessengers
fromamongstyou,recitingtoyouMyverses,thenwho
soeverbecomespiousandrighteous,onthemshallbeno
fear nor shall they grieve. But those who reject our
aayaat3 and treat them with arrogance, they are the
dwellers of the fire, they will abide therein forever.
[SurahalAraaf(7):3536]
And the last of themessengers and the best of them is our
Prophet,Muhammad(),whowassentbyAllahtothepeople
intheirentirety,addressingtheminHissaying,
nurtures, and raises his creation by His bounties and by His grace.
[AdaptedfromalMufradaatAlfaadhilQuran]
3Aayaat( ( intheArabiclanguage isthepluralofthewordaayah( ,(
whichmeansa clearandobvious sign. [MufradaatAlfaadh ilQuran]. In
the religious sense, it is a verse from the Quran, an attribute ofAllah
whichisnotcreated,andintheuniversalsense,theyarethewidearrayof
creationswhichgiveevidencetotheirCreator,Allah.
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Say[OMuhammad()]: Opeople,VerilyIamsentto
youallastheMessengerofAllah toWhombelongsthe
Dominion of the heavens and the earth, there is none
worthyofworship exceptHim. It isHeWhogives life
andcausesdeath.SobelieveinAllahandHisMessenger,
theProphetwhocanneitherreadnorwrite,whobelieves
inAllahandHisWords.Andfollowhimsothatyoumay
beguided.[SurahalAraaf(7):158]
Throughhim,Allah rejuvenated souls and enlightened their
sight.Throughhim,Heopenedeyes thatwereblinded,ears
thatweredeafened,andheartsthatwereenveloped.Through
him,Allahsufficedafterpovertyandmultipliedaftertheirin
significance.Throughhim,Allahguided toTawheed4and to
direct all worship to The Creator, after they prostrated to
stonesand treesandsupplicated tothosewhom theyneither
heard nor saw.Allahdid not raise him ()until he left his
4 Tawheed()istheverbalnounoftheverbwahhada()whichliterally
meanstosingleout.Inthereligioussense,istheconceptofsinglingout
Allahinhisattributesoflordship,worship,andNamesandAttributes.
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Ummah5uponaclearandwhitepath,itslandmarksandmile
stonesclearandunambiguous,itsnightlikeitsday;nonegoes
astrayfromitexceptthatitleadstotheirdestruction.
Asitwasinevitableafterthepassingoftimethatpeoplebeaf
flictedwith ignoranceandbecomesurroundedbynegligence
anddistractionswhichdivertthemfromlearningthereligion
orfollowingandactinganduponit;andasitisimpossiblefor
allpeople todevote themselves to seekingknowledge,Allah
madeobligatoryituponthisummahthatanumberfromevery
groupproceedforthtoseekknowledgeinthereligionandto
warnthepeoplewhentheyreturntothem inorderthatthey
maybecautious.Allah()said,
And it isnotfor thebelievers togo toandfightall to
gether.Of every troop of them, aparty only should go
forth,forthatthey[whowereleftbehind(orproceededforth)]
gain understanding in the religion, and that theymay
5An ummah () is word that literally denotes any amount of people
grouped together asone,whether itsbasisbe religion, era,or location,
whethertheyaregroupedtogetherbytheirownchoiceornot[Mufradaat
AlfaadhilQuran].Hereitisthecollectionofpeople,pastandpresent,who
answeredthecalloftheProphet().
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warn thepeoplewhen they return to them,so that theymaytakecaution.[SurahatTawbah(9):122]
For thisreason itbecomesobligatory thatstudentsofknowl
edge and carriers of the religion follow the footsteps of the
MessengerofAllah()intheirdawah6;theyaretobehissuc
cessors ingoodness in theummah,by revivingwhathasbe
comeobsolete inhis religionandbeeneffaced fromhissun
nah7.Itisuponthemtocorrectthebeliefsfalselyattributedto
thereligionandtorefutethosewhodesiretodistortitandits
callerswith fabricated lies,past andpresent.They are todo
this sincerely for Allah, following the example of the first
caller,theNobleProphet(),incompliancewithHis()say
ing,
Say[OMuhammad()]Thisismyway,IcalltoAllah
withsureknowledge,Iandwhosoeverfollowsme.And
6Dawah ( ( istheverbalnounof theverbdaaa ),whichmeans) to
callorinvite,andhereitisspecificallytocalltothereligionofIslaam.
7 Sunnah( )isawordthatmeansway,orpath.InIslaam,itrefersto
thelegalway,orders,prohibitions,statementsandactions,etc,oftheMes
senger of Allah (),which have become the models (of behavior and
deed)tobefollowedbyall(sincere)Muslims.Thewordisoftenusedin
relationtotheauthentictraditionsconcerningtheProphet()recordedin
thecollectionsofahadeeth (see footnotes 22& 23onHadeethandSahee
hayn).
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Glorified and Exalted isAllah, and I am not from themushrikeen (thosewho associatepartnerswithAllah).
[SurahYusuf(12):108]
Andindeedtheummahsneedforsinceredawah whichrec
tifiesaqeedah8andcleansesitfromscarsandfilth,encourages
thefulfillmentofobligationsinregardstoAllahandHiscrea
tion aswell as the avoidance of the prohibited, andwhich
warns them from the consequences of fasaad9 is like their
needforrainfall,nourishingfood,andcoldwater;rather it is
muchmoreneeded.Whoever isvoidof food anddrink,his
endisdeath,whichmightinfactleadhimtoJannah10.Butas
fortheabsenceofreligion,itleadstoeverlastinglosswhichin
turn leadstheslavetoJahannam11,andwhatanevilabodeit
is.
8 Aqeedah () is derived from the noun aqd (),which is a knot or
somethingtiedorboundtightly.Inthereligioussense,itisthesetoffirm
beliefs inwhich there isno room fordoubt,and iscalledso for itbeing
boundandtiedtotheheart.
9 Fasaad():sin,transgression,evildoing.
10 Jannah ( ): literally, garden, referring to theEverlastingGarden of
heaven.
11 Jahannam():Thepunishmentoftheafterlife,theEverlastingFire.
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So dawah is fard kifaayah12 upon students of knowledge,
each according to their ability. If itwere abandoned, all of
themwouldberegardedassinning,andifanumberofthem
were toassume it, it remainsobligatoryon the rest toassist.
Andifthereweretobeonlyoneortwostudentsofknowledge
inanareaorvillage, itbecomes fardayn13on them toenjoin
thegoodandforbidtheevil,inconformitywiththesayingof
Allah(),
Ofeverytroopofthem,apartyonlyshouldgoforth,for
thatthey[whowere leftbehind(orproceeded forth)]gainun
derstanding in thereligion,and that theymaywarn the
peoplewhen theyreturn to them,so that theymay take
caution.[SurahatTawbah(9):122]
AndletthosestudentsofknowledgewhocalltoAllahbecon
gratulated.Letthembecongratulatedthattheyarethesucces
sorstotheMessengerofAllah()inleadingthewaytoAllah
12 FardKifaayah( )couldbetranslatedascommunalobligation,in
thatwhat isobligatory is that theactbeperformed in thecommunityof
believersbyaquantitywhichcircumstancenecessitates.Ifthatquantityis
met,theobligationfallsfromtherest.Soinasense,itsobligationisinre
gardstotheactratherthantheindividual.
13 FardAyn( )couldbetranslatedasindividualobligationinthatit
isobligatoryoneachandeveryindividual,andnotmerelythattheactbe
performedbyacertainamountofpeople.
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andHisstraightpath,strivingtobettersociety,battlingfasaadandwarningagainstitsevilanddisastrousoutcome.Letthem
be congratulated that they have the most share in his be
queathal,may thepeaceofAllahandHisblessingsbeupon
him.Allah()says,
If only there had been among the generations before
you persons having wisdom, prohibiting others from
fasaadintheearth.[Buttherewerenone]exceptafewof
thosewhomHesavedfromamongthem.Andthosewho
didwrongpursuedthegoodthingsof[theworldly]life,
andwere mujrimoon (criminals, polytheists, disbelievers
inAllah,sinners).[SurahHud(11):116]AndtheProphet()said,
Conveyfrommeevenifitwereonlyanaayah,andre
late the accounts of Bani Israaeel14without any harm,
andwhoeverliesuponmeintentionally,lethimtakehis
seatintheHellfire.(AlBukhaari)
He()alsosaid,
14Bani Israaeel: The progeny (descendents/children/tribes) of Israel, or
Yaqoob(),whoaretheJews.
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MayAllahilluminatethepersonwhohearsmysayingsandretains it,andconveys itasheheard it.And itmay
be that thepersonwho is toldhasmoreunderstanding
thantheonewhohasheardit;anditmaybethatthecar
rierofknowledgeisnotonewhounderstands.15
IndeeddawahtoAllahisasecurityforthesocietywhichisin
fearofpunishmentandgeneralchastisement.Butthisisonly
ifthedawahweregivenitsdueright,bythecallersaswellas
the addressed:by the caller inhaving ikhlaas16, seriousness,
andwithoutslackeningor leavingwhat itentails,andbythe
addressed inacceptingandactingupon theadvice.Indeed if
the caller slackens,weakens, losesvigororbecomes satiated
with to theharm faced inhis call,or ifhewas tohasten in
achievingresults,theoutcomewillnotbeasdesired.Ratheritmay be the exact opposite: fasaadwill becomeunrestrained
andtheevildoerswillgaintheupperhand,andinthatwillbe
aninvitationtowidespreadevilandgreatsuffering.
Onthismerit,wehavesummarizedthosequalitiesincumbent
uponthecallertoemulate,andtheyareasfollows:
15This hadeeth has been narrated in numerous books of hadeeth. This
wordingisclosesttotheonenarratedbyibnulArabiinhisbookAaridat
ulAhwadhi.
16 Ikhlaas ( ( is the verbal noun of akhlasa ( ), which literally
means topurify,asonepurifieshoney. In the religious sense, it is the
purificationofonesactionforAllah,orsincerity.
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(1)Knowledge.Itisfromtheconditionsofbeingacallerthathe be knowledgeable to thatwhich he is calling to, andwe
understandthisconditionfromthenobleaayah,
Say[OMuhammad()]Thisismyway,IcalltoAllah
withbaseerah(sureknowledge),Iandwhosoeverfollows
me.[SurahYusuf(12):108]
Whatismeantbybaseerahhereistheknowledgeofwhatis
being called to. So if one calls to Tawheed, he should have
knowledgeofitstypesandbewellconversantwiththatwhich
rendersitvoidfromthedifferenttypesofshirk17,thelesserof
itandthegreater.Ifhecallstotheestablishmentofsalaat18,he
shouldhaveknowledgeof itsdescription,conditions,obliga
toryandsuperogatory19acts,andsoon.Ifheweretobefaced
withsomethinghedidnotknow,hemustrestrainhimselfun
til he comes to know of it,whether by researching from its
sourcesoraskingsomeonemoreknowledgeablethanhimself.
Letnotprideholdhimbackfromsayingtothatwhichhehas
noknowledge:Allahknowsbetter,orIdonotknow.
17 Shirk () is to associateotherswithAllah inHis aspectofLordship,
worship,orattributes.
18
Salaat
(
)
The
Prayer.
19Notobligatory,butadditionalvoluntaryandmeritorious(actsofprayer).
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SaalimbinAbduallahbin Umarwasaskedaboutan issueandhereplied,Idonotknow.
Theinquirersaid,Itisindeedagreatthingthatyousay,Ido
notknow,youbeingthesonofAbdullahbinUmar.
SoSaalimreplied,What isgraver in thesightofonewhoun
derstandsAllahisthatIspeakofwhichIdonotknow.
ApersonaskedalQaasimbinMuhammadaboutamatter,
andalQaasimrepliedsaid,Idonotknowitwell.
Sothepersoncontinued,Ibroughtthesituationtoyouratten
tionbecauseIdonotknowanyoneelse.
SoalQaasimreplied,Donotlookatthelengthofmybeardor
themanypeoplearoundme,byAllahIdonotknowitwell.
An elderly one from the Quraysh sitting next to him as
serted,Keeptoit[thisanswer]myson,forbyAllahIhavenot
seenanyoneinagatheringoneasnobleasyoutoday.
AlQaasimreplied,ByAllahthatmytongueisseveredismore
belovedtomethanspeakingofthatwhichIhavenoknowledge.
(2)Tobecovetous inseekingknowledgeandobtaining it
from its sources, searching for it, studying and revising it,
andtoquestionthescholarsandseektheircounsel inwhat
they findproblematic, until their hearts rest at an opinion
theydeemclosertothetruth.
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(3)WisdominDawah.Thisisthatapersonactsaccordinglytoeachsituation,andthatheberefinedinhisapproach,hum
bleandsoftspoken.Thisisimpliedbythenobleaayah,
Call to theWay of your Rubb withwisdom and fair
preaching.
[Surah
an
Nahl
(16):125]
(4)Tobekindandsofttotheonebeingaddressed,evenifhe
beproudandhaughty,asAllah()said,
...
AndbytheMercyofAllahyoudealtwiththemgently.
Andhadyoubeensevereandharshheartedtheywould
have broken away from aboutyou. So look over their
faults,andseek forgiveness for them,andconsult them
inaffairs...[SurahAaliImraan(3):159]
And,asAllah()saidtoMusa()andHaaroon(),
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AndgobothofyoutoFirawn20
,forverilyhehastransgressed [allbounds].And speak tohimmildly inorder
thathemayacceptadmonitionor fear.[SurahTaaHaa(20):4344]
AndtheMessenger()said,
Gentlenessdoesnotenterintoanymatterexceptthatit
isbeautified,andharshnessdoesnotenterintoanymat
terexceptthatitisdisfigured.(Muslim)
(5)Sabr.21Allah()saidtoHisProphet(),
Andthereforehavesabr[OMuhammad()]asdidthe
Messengersofstrongwill.[SurahalAhqaaf(46):35]
He()alsosaid,
So
bear
with
sabr
all
that
they
say,
and
Glorify
your
RubbwithPraise.[SurahQaaf(50):39]
AndAllah()said,
20 Firawn():ThePharaohthatAllahdeliveredtheBaniIsraaeelfrombythehandofMusa().
21 Sabr() istohavepatiencefromdisobeyingAllah, inobeyingAllahs
orders,andtohavepatiencewiththevariousdecreesofAllah.
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Bythetime.Indeedallhumankindisinastateofloss;
except thosewho believe, anddo righteousdeeds, and
encourageeachother in truthandencourageeachother
insabr.[SurahAlAsr(103)]
Sosabr isoneof the fourconditionalcharacteristics thatone
musthaveinordertobesavedfrometernalloss,andtheyare:
(i)Eemaan22,whichisinclusiveofknowledge.Thisisbecauseof the fact thateemaanentailsgiving truth tosomething,
andonecannotgivetruthtosomethinghedoesnotknow.
(ii)Acting upon that knowledge, because that is what issought from knowledge. Sufyaan athThawri once said,
Knowledgecallsouttoaction,ifitanswers[...],andifdoesnot
it leaveshim.MaalikbinDeenaarsaid,Indeed ifascholar
doesnotactuponhisknowledge,hisadmonitionslips fromthe
hearts[ofpeople]asadropofwaterslipsfromarock.
(iii)Encouragingoneanothertohavesabrwiththeharmfacedingivingdawah,whichisinevitableforonewhoistruth
fulintheircall.ForthisAllah()coupledtheencouraging
ofsabrwith...
22 Eemaan ()consistsof threeparts: (i)Truebeliefandconfirmationof
theheart,(ii)Speechofthetongue,(iii)Actionofthelimbs.Ifanyofthem
isabsent,theneemaanitselfisnotpresent.
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(iv)Encouraging of truth. He denounced those who refrainfromdawahfearingharm.Allah()said,
Andfrompeoplearesomewhosay, WebelieveinAl
lah.ButiftheyaremadetosufferfortheSakeofAllah,
they render the trial of people as the trial of Allah.
[SurahalAnkaboot(29):10]
(6)That thecallerbe just inhis speechandaction,asAllah
()says,
...
O Youwho believe stand firmly upon justice aswit
nesses forAllah, even though itmay be against your
selves, or your parents, or your kin. [Surah anNisaa
(4):135]
Andinthehadeeth23oftheProphet()said,
Saythetruthevenifitwerebitter.
23Hadeeth (),meaning narration, in this case a saying, deed or ap
provalaccuratelynarratedfromtheProphet()bywayoftheSahaba[his
Companions] ().Theplural isahaadeeth (),and theseare foundcollectedinvariousbooksbyScholarsofIslam.
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(7)That the caller shouldhave thequalityofhumbleness.
Allah()says,
Andwalknoton theearthwithconceitandarrogance.
Verilyyoucannotrendnorpenetrate theearth,norcan
youattainastaturelikethemountainsinheight.[Surah
alIsraa(17):37]
AndastheMessengerofAllah()said,
IndeedAllahhasrevealedtomethatyouhumbleyourselvessothatyoudonottransgresseachother.
(8) That the caller set a good example for those being ad
dressed. This is accomplished by racing to perform good
deeds,anddistancingoneselffromevil.This istobedoneso
thattherebenobreachbetweenhiswordsanddeedsandthatheactaccordingtowhathepreaches,leadingtoAllahspleas
ure,asHe()said,
Oyouwhobelieve,whydoyouSaythatwhichyoudo
notdo?MosthatefulitistoAllahthatyousaythatwhich
youdonotdo.[SurahasSaff(61):23]
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Apoetoncesaid,
Donotprohibitsomethingandcomewiththesame,
andifyoudidindeedthatisagreatdisgrace.
Theseeightcharacteristicswhichwementionedareallquali
tiesdesiredof thecaller.Andas for thecall, theyareas fol
lows:
9)Thatonestartwithwhatismostimportant,andthenpro
ceed to thatwhich is less. In a hadeeth found in the Sahee
hayn24,theProphet()sentMuaadhtoalYemenandsaidto
him,
VerilyyouaregoingtoanationfromthepeopleoftheBook.Letthefirstthingyoucallthemtobetobearwit
ness that there isnodeityworthyofworshipexceptAl
lah (the shahaadahof laa ilaaha illAllah)and thatMu
hammad()istheMessengerofAllah.Andiftheyobey
you in that, then tell them thatAllahhasobligatedfive
prayersineverydayandnight.Andiftheyobeyyouin
24AsSaheehayn ( ): The two Saheehs. These are the ahaadeeth
collectedbyImaamAbuAlHussainMuslimandImaamMuhammadbin
IsmailAlBukhaari, the two collectionswhich containonly themostau
thenticnarrations.
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that, inform them thatAllahobligatedalmsgiving [Zakaat]25,takenfromtherichandgiventothepoor...26
(10)Thatoneendeavorinrectifyingmattersofaqeedahand
purifyingitfromthefilthofshirk,alongwithwhichnodeedis
acceptableandnosinisforgiven,asAllah()says,
IndeedAllah forgivesnot thatpartnersbe setupwith
Him,andHeforgivesotherthanthattowhomHewills.
[SurahanNisaa(4):48]
And there isnodifferencewhether itbeshirkof ibaadahor
shirkof tahkeem27.These twoare thegreater formsofshirk,
and in committing themaperson leaves foldof the religion.
And there are two other types of shirk, the lesser shirk (al
asghar), and the hidden shirk (alkhafiyy). It is obligatory
uponthecallerstoclarifyallthetypesofshirk,andalsowarn
25Zakaat( ):Acertainfixedproportionofwealthandofeverykindof
propertyliabletotheobligatoryalmsduesthataMuslimmustpayyearly
forthebenefitofthepoorintheMuslimcommunity.
26This hadeeth has been related by alBukhaari,Muslim and others.This
wordingisclosesttoonenarratedbyibnTaymaiyyahfoundinJaamiur
Rasaail.
27 Tahkeem( ).TheconceptthatonlyAllahhastherightoflegislationin
Hiscreation.
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against bidah.28And if ones actions became purified from
these two evils, everything else ismuch less, andhe should
thentaketocorrectingthem,againstartingwiththemostim
portant.
(11)Thathenottakenames,eveniftheybeknown,forthisis
fromthetacticsofdawah.TheProphet()wouldsay,What
iswrongwiththosepeoplewhosaysoandso...ordosoand
so...
AndinthehadeethofBareerah,
Whatiswrongwiththosepeoplewhoformulatecondi
tionsnotfoundintheBookofAllah?Anyconditionnot
found in theBookofAllah is invalid,even itbeahun
dredconditions.(AnNasai)
(12)Thathe livenhisadmonition so that those listeningdo
not get bored or fed up. He should also remember not to
lengthen it so that theyarenotburdened, for indeedpeople
haveotherdutiesandobligations toattend to.So let thead
monitionbehelpfultothepeople;lessinspeechbutinclusive
inmeaning. This is better than speechwhich causes one to
forget because of its length. An exception could be made,
though,ifapersonwasinvitetoapaneldiscussionorlecture.
Inthiscase,thereisnoharmthathelengthensit,ofcourseif
28Bidah( ):innovation.
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hewascertainoftheirpleasureanddesire,butalsoletthatbesomethingreasonable.
(13)Trust inAllahanddependinguponHim,beingcontent
andsufficinginHim,andbeingreassuredinHismanagement
ofaffairs.Allah()said,
AndonAllahaloneletthebelieversputtheirtrust.And
why shouldwenotputour trust inAllahwhileHe in
deed has guided us ourways? Andwe shall certainly
bearwithpatienceallthehurtyoumaycauseus,andon
Allah alone let thosewho trustput their trust. [Surah
Ibraaheem(14):12]
(14)Expendinggreatenergyandstrengthindawahandgiv
ing it thebest andmostofhis time andnotmerelywhat is
leftover.He istowaitforopportunitiesandseizethemwhen
they appear.He should keepupwith lectures, organize the
readingofdifferentbooks inmasaajid,29anddoother things
in its like.What is important is that dawah dominates his
29Masjid () is aplacedesignated specifically for the establishmentof
prayer.ItspluralisMasaajid( ).
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concernuntil ithebecomespreoccupied in itnightandday,andthisiswhatissought.
(15)RetreatingtoAllahinalltimesbyabundantsupplication
and imploration.He should seekHishelp and in thatAllah
grantshimTawfeeq30 and the able toperform correctly, and
thatHeremovestheShaytaan31 fromhispath.Heshouldal
ways be in communication with Allah, seeking His help
againsthisenemies,askingHim inwhatbettershimandhis
dawah,andthatHegranthimikhlaasinitandineverything
elsewhichhefaces.
Inclosing,thisiswhatIwasabletocompile inthisshortno
tice
regarding
the
call
and
the
caller,
and
whatever
is
deficient
in its foundation canneverbeperfected,andmay thepeace
and Blessing be on our ProphetMuhammad, and upon his
familyandcompanions.
30 Thewordtawfeeq( )literallymeanstoequatebetweentwothings.In
thereligioussense it istoequatebetweenapersonsactionsandcorrect
ness.SoTawfeeqfromAllahisthatAllahgrantsthepersontheabilityto
accordhisactionoropiniontothecorrectone.
31AshShaytaan ( ):Satan,orDevil;Ibleeshimself,oranevil jinnor
personworkinginthecauseofIblees.
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